The latest officially reported population of Bosnia and Herzegovina was 3,164,253 in 2024 vs 100,616 people in Saint Vincent in 2024. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Bosnia and Herzegovina's population is 3,116,111 people compared to 99,237 in Saint Vincent.
Population statistics:
- Bosnia and Herzegovina's population is 31.4 times bigger than Saint Vincent's.
- Bosnia and Herzegovina is ranked the 135th most populous country in the world, while Saint Vincent is the 184th.
- The countries together account for 0.04% of the world: 0.04% for Bosnia and Herzegovina vs 0.001% for Saint Vincent.
- For the last 10 years, Bosnia and Herzegovina has had an average growth rate of -1.19% per year vs -0.65% in Saint Vincent.
- Since 2006, the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina has decreased from 4.06M people to 3.12M (23.3% decline), while Saint Vincent has declined from 112K to 99.2K (11.4% decline).
Bosnia and Herzegovina vs Saint Vincent: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Bosnia
|
Saint Vincent
|
|
| 2100 | 1,368,666 | 64,233 |
| 2099 | 1,382,821 | 64,719 |
| 2098 | 1,397,565 | 65,205 |
| 2097 | 1,413,532 | 65,707 |
| 2096 | 1,429,204 | 66,191 |
| 2095 | 1,444,480 | 66,692 |
| 2094 | 1,459,743 | 67,189 |
| 2093 | 1,475,492 | 67,694 |
| 2092 | 1,490,946 | 68,186 |
| 2091 | 1,506,239 | 68,690 |
| 2090 | 1,521,837 | 69,183 |
| 2089 | 1,538,128 | 69,691 |
| 2088 | 1,554,688 | 70,179 |
| 2087 | 1,571,208 | 70,682 |
| 2086 | 1,588,504 | 71,173 |
| 2085 | 1,605,957 | 71,673 |
| 2084 | 1,624,320 | 72,165 |
| 2083 | 1,643,261 | 72,653 |
| 2082 | 1,662,175 | 73,147 |
| 2081 | 1,681,314 | 73,628 |
| 2080 | 1,701,168 | 74,106 |
| 2079 | 1,721,318 | 74,588 |
| 2078 | 1,741,916 | 75,064 |
| 2077 | 1,762,807 | 75,534 |
| 2076 | 1,784,335 | 76,017 |
| 2075 | 1,806,786 | 76,490 |
| 2074 | 1,829,227 | 76,975 |
| 2073 | 1,851,366 | 77,456 |
| 2072 | 1,874,026 | 77,937 |
| 2071 | 1,897,167 | 78,428 |
| 2070 | 1,921,183 | 78,918 |
| 2069 | 1,944,841 | 79,418 |
| 2068 | 1,968,581 | 79,922 |
| 2067 | 1,994,208 | 80,416 |
| 2066 | 2,019,687 | 80,918 |
| 2065 | 2,045,997 | 81,436 |
| 2064 | 2,071,940 | 81,943 |
| 2063 | 2,097,727 | 82,447 |
| 2062 | 2,123,391 | 82,953 |
| 2061 | 2,149,881 | 83,466 |
| 2060 | 2,177,114 | 83,981 |
| 2059 | 2,204,104 | 84,495 |
| 2058 | 2,231,438 | 85,010 |
| 2057 | 2,259,550 | 85,509 |
| 2056 | 2,289,280 | 86,020 |
| 2055 | 2,319,090 | 86,519 |
| 2054 | 2,346,686 | 87,023 |
| 2053 | 2,375,139 | 87,498 |
| 2052 | 2,402,864 | 87,960 |
| 2051 | 2,432,239 | 88,415 |
| 2050 | 2,460,425 | 88,851 |
| 2049 | 2,489,784 | 89,259 |
| 2048 | 2,517,716 | 89,663 |
| 2047 | 2,547,032 | 90,071 |
| 2046 | 2,576,313 | 90,454 |
| 2045 | 2,604,829 | 90,825 |
| 2044 | 2,633,079 | 91,157 |
| 2043 | 2,661,800 | 91,502 |
| 2042 | 2,690,344 | 91,848 |
| 2041 | 2,720,561 | 92,169 |
| 2040 | 2,749,705 | 92,489 |
| 2039 | 2,777,922 | 92,833 |
| 2038 | 2,804,291 | 93,191 |
| 2037 | 2,830,793 | 93,556 |
| 2036 | 2,857,546 | 93,945 |
| 2035 | 2,884,800 | 94,368 |
| 2034 | 2,913,808 | 94,808 |
| 2033 | 2,940,732 | 95,255 |
| 2032 | 2,967,485 | 95,747 |
| 2031 | 2,991,207 | 96,251 |
| 2030 | 3,015,049 | 96,789 |
| 2029 | 3,038,829 | 97,354 |
| 2028 | 3,064,003 | 97,936 |
| 2027 | 3,089,959 | 98,563 |
| 2026 | 3,116,111 | 99,237 |
| 2025 | 3,141,481 | 99,918 |
| 2024 | 3,164,253 | 100,616 |
| 2023 | 3,185,073 | 101,323 |
| 2022 | 3,204,802 | 102,046 |
| 2021 | 3,244,907 | 102,841 |
| 2020 | 3,299,349 | 103,526 |
| 2019 | 3,345,533 | 104,167 |
| 2018 | 3,387,000 | 104,926 |
| 2017 | 3,428,682 | 105,663 |
| 2016 | 3,473,003 | 106,349 |
| 2015 | 3,518,541 | 106,960 |
| 2014 | 3,564,829 | 107,535 |
| 2013 | 3,610,859 | 108,135 |
| 2012 | 3,670,113 | 108,736 |
| 2011 | 3,741,798 | 109,349 |
| 2010 | 3,811,472 | 109,959 |
| 2009 | 3,879,794 | 110,508 |
| 2008 | 3,947,544 | 111,028 |
| 2007 | 4,013,424 | 111,531 |
| 2006 | 4,063,272 | 112,014 |
| 2005 | 4,096,493 | 112,450 |
| 2004 | 4,140,987 | 112,835 |
| 2003 | 4,178,523 | 113,141 |
| 2002 | 4,188,002 | 113,347 |
| 2001 | 4,179,438 | 113,501 |
| 2000 | 4,159,771 | 113,545 |
| 1999 | 4,130,305 | 113,366 |
| 1998 | 4,089,356 | 113,180 |
| 1997 | 4,018,227 | 113,141 |
| 1996 | 3,875,246 | 113,119 |
| 1995 | 3,715,564 | 113,047 |
| 1994 | 3,725,412 | 112,918 |
| 1993 | 3,904,482 | 112,735 |
| 1992 | 4,234,616 | 112,509 |
| 1991 | 4,458,343 | 112,222 |
| 1990 | 4,448,652 | 111,812 |
| 1989 | 4,433,983 | 111,272 |
| 1988 | 4,414,404 | 110,658 |
| 1987 | 4,390,246 | 110,001 |
| 1986 | 4,362,115 | 109,281 |
| 1985 | 4,330,364 | 108,506 |
| 1984 | 4,295,536 | 107,687 |
| 1983 | 4,258,728 | 106,838 |
| 1982 | 4,221,100 | 105,969 |
| 1981 | 4,184,217 | 105,073 |
| 1980 | 4,148,426 | 104,213 |
| 1979 | 4,113,300 | 103,478 |
| 1978 | 4,078,240 | 102,775 |
| 1977 | 4,042,124 | 101,999 |
| 1976 | 4,004,552 | 101,197 |
| 1975 | 3,965,743 | 100,387 |
| 1974 | 3,926,472 | 99,556 |
| 1973 | 3,887,376 | 98,691 |
| 1972 | 3,848,271 | 97,790 |
| 1971 | 3,809,376 | 96,872 |
| 1970 | 3,773,247 | 95,964 |
| 1969 | 3,737,765 | 95,058 |
| 1968 | 3,698,794 | 94,123 |
| 1967 | 3,656,223 | 93,124 |
| 1966 | 3,610,562 | 92,052 |
| 1965 | 3,562,834 | 90,927 |
| 1964 | 3,513,441 | 89,749 |
| 1963 | 3,461,942 | 88,523 |
| 1962 | 3,407,532 | 87,236 |
| 1961 | 3,348,035 | 85,870 |
| 1960 | 3,281,381 | 84,388 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/bosnia-and-herzegovina/saint-vincent | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina decreased by 590,269 people (a 14.5% decline), while Saint Vincent lost 5,665 people (a 5.06% decline).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Bosnia and Herzegovina lost 356,892 people (a 10.3% decline), while Saint Vincent's population decreased by 7,112 people (a 6.69% decline).
Bosnia and Herzegovina was ranked 123rd most populous country in 2006 and is 135th in 2026. Saint Vincent was ranked 180th in 2006 and ranked 184th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Bosnia and Herzegovina's population will shrink by 21% to 2,460,425 people with a rank change from 135th to 144th. The population of Saint Vincent will decrease by 10.5% to 88,851 people and rank change from 184th to 186th.
Both countries are in a period of decline and in 50 years are projected to lose 42.7% of the population in Bosnia and Herzegovina and 23.4% in Saint Vincent.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Bosnia
|
Saint Vincent
|
|
| 2100 | -1.02% | -0.75% |
| 2099 | -1.06% | -0.74% |
| 2098 | -1.13% | -0.76% |
| 2097 | -1.1% | -0.73% |
| 2096 | -1.06% | -0.75% |
| 2095 | -1.05% | -0.74% |
| 2094 | -1.07% | -0.75% |
| 2093 | -1.04% | -0.72% |
| 2092 | -1.02% | -0.73% |
| 2091 | -1.02% | -0.71% |
| 2090 | -1.06% | -0.73% |
| 2089 | -1.07% | -0.7% |
| 2088 | -1.05% | -0.71% |
| 2087 | -1.09% | -0.69% |
| 2086 | -1.09% | -0.7% |
| 2085 | -1.13% | -0.68% |
| 2084 | -1.15% | -0.67% |
| 2083 | -1.14% | -0.68% |
| 2082 | -1.14% | -0.65% |
| 2081 | -1.17% | -0.64% |
| 2080 | -1.17% | -0.65% |
| 2079 | -1.18% | -0.63% |
| 2078 | -1.19% | -0.62% |
| 2077 | -1.21% | -0.64% |
| 2076 | -1.24% | -0.62% |
| 2075 | -1.23% | -0.63% |
| 2074 | -1.2% | -0.62% |
| 2073 | -1.21% | -0.62% |
| 2072 | -1.22% | -0.63% |
| 2071 | -1.25% | -0.62% |
| 2070 | -1.22% | -0.63% |
| 2069 | -1.21% | -0.63% |
| 2068 | -1.29% | -0.61% |
| 2067 | -1.26% | -0.62% |
| 2066 | -1.29% | -0.64% |
| 2065 | -1.25% | -0.62% |
| 2064 | -1.23% | -0.61% |
| 2063 | -1.21% | -0.61% |
| 2062 | -1.23% | -0.61% |
| 2061 | -1.25% | -0.61% |
| 2060 | -1.22% | -0.61% |
| 2059 | -1.22% | -0.61% |
| 2058 | -1.24% | -0.58% |
| 2057 | -1.3% | -0.59% |
| 2056 | -1.29% | -0.58% |
| 2055 | -1.18% | -0.58% |
| 2054 | -1.2% | -0.54% |
| 2053 | -1.15% | -0.52% |
| 2052 | -1.21% | -0.52% |
| 2051 | -1.15% | -0.49% |
| 2050 | -1.18% | -0.46% |
| 2049 | -1.11% | -0.45% |
| 2048 | -1.15% | -0.45% |
| 2047 | -1.14% | -0.42% |
| 2046 | -1.09% | -0.41% |
| 2045 | -1.07% | -0.37% |
| 2044 | -1.08% | -0.38% |
| 2043 | -1.06% | -0.38% |
| 2042 | -1.11% | -0.35% |
| 2041 | -1.06% | -0.35% |
| 2040 | -1.02% | -0.37% |
| 2039 | -0.94% | -0.38% |
| 2038 | -0.94% | -0.39% |
| 2037 | -0.94% | -0.41% |
| 2036 | -0.94% | -0.45% |
| 2035 | -1% | -0.46% |
| 2034 | -0.92% | -0.47% |
| 2033 | -0.9% | -0.51% |
| 2032 | -0.79% | -0.52% |
| 2031 | -0.79% | -0.56% |
| 2030 | -0.78% | -0.58% |
| 2029 | -0.82% | -0.59% |
| 2028 | -0.84% | -0.64% |
| 2027 | -0.84% | -0.68% |
| 2026 | -0.81% | -0.68% |
| 2025 | -0.72% | -0.69% |
| 2024 | -0.65% | -0.7% |
| 2023 | -0.62% | -0.71% |
| 2022 | -1.24% | -0.77% |
| 2021 | -1.65% | -0.66% |
| 2020 | -1.38% | -0.62% |
| 2019 | -1.22% | -0.72% |
| 2018 | -1.22% | -0.7% |
| 2017 | -1.28% | -0.65% |
| 2016 | -1.29% | -0.57% |
| 2015 | -1.3% | -0.53% |
| 2014 | -1.27% | -0.55% |
| 2013 | -1.61% | -0.55% |
| 2012 | -1.92% | -0.56% |
| 2011 | -1.83% | -0.55% |
| 2010 | -1.76% | -0.5% |
| 2009 | -1.72% | -0.47% |
| 2008 | -1.64% | -0.45% |
| 2007 | -1.23% | -0.43% |
| 2006 | -0.81% | -0.39% |
| 2005 | -1.07% | -0.34% |
| 2004 | -0.9% | -0.27% |
| 2003 | -0.23% | -0.18% |
| 2002 | 0.2% | -0.14% |
| 2001 | 0.47% | -0.04% |
| 2000 | 0.71% | 0.16% |
| 1999 | 1% | 0.16% |
| 1998 | 1.77% | 0.03% |
| 1997 | 3.69% | 0.02% |
| 1996 | 4.3% | 0.06% |
| 1995 | -0.26% | 0.11% |
| 1994 | -4.59% | 0.16% |
| 1993 | -7.8% | 0.2% |
| 1992 | -5.02% | 0.26% |
| 1991 | 0.22% | 0.37% |
| 1990 | 0.33% | 0.49% |
| 1989 | 0.44% | 0.55% |
| 1988 | 0.55% | 0.6% |
| 1987 | 0.64% | 0.66% |
| 1986 | 0.73% | 0.71% |
| 1985 | 0.81% | 0.76% |
| 1984 | 0.86% | 0.79% |
| 1983 | 0.89% | 0.82% |
| 1982 | 0.88% | 0.85% |
| 1981 | 0.86% | 0.83% |
| 1980 | 0.85% | 0.71% |
| 1979 | 0.86% | 0.68% |
| 1978 | 0.89% | 0.76% |
| 1977 | 0.94% | 0.79% |
| 1976 | 0.98% | 0.81% |
| 1975 | 1% | 0.83% |
| 1974 | 1.01% | 0.88% |
| 1973 | 1.02% | 0.92% |
| 1972 | 1.02% | 0.95% |
| 1971 | 0.96% | 0.95% |
| 1970 | 0.95% | 0.95% |
| 1969 | 1.05% | 0.99% |
| 1968 | 1.16% | 1.07% |
| 1967 | 1.26% | 1.16% |
| 1966 | 1.34% | 1.24% |
| 1965 | 1.41% | 1.31% |
| 1964 | 1.49% | 1.38% |
| 1963 | 1.6% | 1.48% |
| 1962 | 1.78% | 1.59% |
| 1961 | 2.03% | 1.76% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1961–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/bosnia-and-herzegovina/saint-vincent | CC BY
In 2024, the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina declined by 0.65%, while Saint Vincent's population declined by 0.7%.
Live population counters
|
Bosnia
|
Saint Vincent
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
3116111
|
99237
|
| Population rank | 135/197 | 184/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.04% | 0.001% |
| One net population change |
25.2 minutes
|
12.4 hours
|
| One birth every |
21.4 minutes
|
7.12 hours
|
| One death every |
12.3 minutes
|
7.52 hours
|
| Daily growth/decline | -57 | -2 |
| Annual growth/decline | -20,820 | -707 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | -0.65% | -0.7% |
| Population growth rate rank | 190/197 | 191/197 |
| One migration net change every |
1.26 hours
|
12.3 hours
|
| Annual migration change | -6,994 | -714 |
| Net migration rank | 124/196 | 91/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 34,120 | 4,820 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 160/195 | 185/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 1.1% | 4.8% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 151/195 | 93/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Bosnia
|
Saint Vincent
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | -6,994 | - | -714 |
| 2024 | - | -4,497 | - | -737 |
| 2023 | -18,292 | -485 | 66 | -784 |
| 2022 | -20,197 | -485 | 96 | -826 |
| 2021 | -33,670 | -25,865 | -9 | -851 |
| 2020 | -22,502 | -26,840 | -10 | -493 |
| 2019 | -15,192 | -27,841 | 206 | -982 |
| 2018 | -10,761 | -29,147 | 271 | -1,026 |
| 2017 | -12,810 | -30,650 | 340 | -1,057 |
| 2016 | -13,009 | -32,173 | 443 | -1,089 |
| 2015 | -11,942 | -33,948 | 542 | -1,124 |
| 2014 | -11,009 | -35,683 | 580 | -1,161 |
| 2013 | -8,367 | -37,002 | 580 | -1,190 |
| 2012 | -6,761 | -66,378 | 637 | -1,221 |
| 2011 | -5,354 | -64,875 | 676 | -1,319 |
| 2010 | -1,895 | -67,228 | 796 | -1,371 |
| 2009 | 652 | -68,182 | 881 | -1,407 |
| 2008 | 161 | -68,140 | 904 | -1,414 |
| 2007 | 1,557 | -65,335 | 867 | -1,363 |
| 2006 | 2,714 | -38,622 | 881 | -1,346 |
| 2005 | 6,546 | -37,086 | 949 | -1,365 |
| 2004 | 9,549 | -68,008 | 992 | -1,349 |
| 2003 | 10,781 | -27,396 | 1,063 | -1,315 |
| 2002 | 10,972 | -13,312 | 1,166 | -1,333 |
| 2001 | 10,424 | 9,055 | 1,231 | -1,375 |
| 2000 | 11,722 | 8,138 | 1,279 | -1,213 |
| 1999 | 13,568 | 25,495 | 1,315 | -1,019 |
| 1998 | 18,492 | 24,335 | 1,379 | -1,308 |
| 1997 | 19,311 | 80,133 | 1,496 | -1,487 |
| 1996 | 13,327 | 173,193 | 1,610 | -1,575 |
| 1995 | 5,926 | 126,914 | 1,715 | -1,608 |
| 1994 | 4,895 | -157,427 | 1,786 | -1,631 |
| 1993 | -27,199 | -178,416 | 1,832 | -1,629 |
| 1992 | -17,883 | -436,814 | 1,849 | -1,602 |
| 1991 | 33,692 | -26,483 | 1,821 | -1,482 |
| 1990 | 34,993 | -22,829 | 1,825 | -1,350 |
| 1989 | 36,802 | -19,634 | 1,843 | -1,244 |
| 1988 | 39,058 | -17,058 | 1,876 | -1,243 |
| 1987 | 41,172 | -14,853 | 1,937 | -1,251 |
| 1986 | 42,884 | -12,941 | 2,020 | -1,279 |
| 1985 | 44,983 | -11,429 | 2,128 | -1,324 |
| 1984 | 46,413 | -10,321 | 2,248 | -1,405 |
| 1983 | 47,135 | -9,599 | 2,411 | -1,549 |
| 1982 | 47,023 | -9,298 | 2,477 | -1,597 |
| 1981 | 45,423 | -9,384 | 2,429 | -1,526 |
| 1980 | 42,911 | -7,368 | 2,362 | -1,545 |
| 1979 | 42,157 | -7,454 | 2,575 | -1,925 |
| 1978 | 44,800 | -9,382 | 2,581 | -1,832 |
| 1977 | 48,643 | -11,834 | 2,622 | -1,821 |
| 1976 | 52,107 | -13,778 | 2,694 | -1,891 |
| 1975 | 53,629 | -14,348 | 2,775 | -1,958 |
| 1974 | 53,600 | -14,345 | 2,863 | -2,013 |
| 1973 | 52,989 | -14,043 | 2,952 | -2,068 |
| 1972 | 54,072 | -14,807 | 3,033 | -2,116 |
| 1971 | 54,352 | -15,829 | 3,102 | -2,183 |
| 1970 | 54,455 | -20,714 | 3,161 | -2,260 |
| 1969 | 58,454 | -21,229 | 3,200 | -2,292 |
| 1968 | 61,422 | -20,704 | 3,218 | -2,258 |
| 1967 | 65,618 | -21,195 | 3,212 | -2,178 |
| 1966 | 70,085 | -23,196 | 3,194 | -2,090 |
| 1965 | 72,896 | -24,330 | 3,165 | -2,009 |
| 1964 | 74,151 | -23,922 | 3,130 | -1,931 |
| 1963 | 75,380 | -22,611 | 3,086 | -1,833 |
| 1962 | 77,582 | -21,531 | 3,073 | -1,749 |
| 1961 | 77,601 | -14,655 | 3,059 | -1,647 |
| 1960 | 76,840 | -6,481 | 3,029 | -1,476 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/bosnia-and-herzegovina/saint-vincent | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 41.1% of the population change in Bosnia and Herzegovina is from natural causes (a loss of 169,384 people) and 58.9% is from migration (a loss of 243,117 people). In Saint Vincent 21.2% is from natural causes (a gain of 2,525 people) and 78.8% is from migration (a loss of 9,393 people).
As of 2024, 34,120 residents or 1.1% of the population were not native-born in Bosnia and Herzegovina, compared to 4,820 people or 4.8% in Saint Vincent.
Biggest cities by population
|
Bosnia
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Sarajevo | 276K |
| Banja Luka | 185K |
| Tuzla | 111K |
| Zenica | 111K |
| Mostar | 105K |
| Prijedor | 89.4K |
| Doboj | 68.5K |
| Bihac | 56.3K |
| Bijeljina | 42.3K |
| Sanski Most | 16.9K |
|
Saint Vincent
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Kingstown | 24.5K |
| Georgetown | 1.68K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Saint Vincent
|
Bosnia
|
Saint Vincent
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 78.4 years | 71.7 years |
| Average age | 44.7 years | 36.5 years |
| Median age | 46.3 years | 35.2 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 47.6:52.4 | 50.9:49.1 |
| Fertility rate | 1.49 births per woman | 1.78 births per woman |
| Population density | 157.6 ppl/mi² | 659 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20).
GeoRank.org/population/bosnia-and-herzegovina/saint-vincent | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-02-08)
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