The latest officially reported population of North Korea was 26,498,823 in 2024 vs 34,217,848 people in Peru in 2024. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current North Korea's population is 26,659,144 people compared to 35,031,596 in Peru.
Population statistics:
- Peru's population is 1.31 times bigger than North Korea's.
- North Korea is ranked the 57th most populous country in the world, while Peru is the 48th.
- The countries together account for 0.74% of the world: 0.32% for North Korea vs 0.42% for Peru.
- For the last 10 years, North Korea has had an average growth rate of +0.41% per year vs +1.26% in Peru.
- Since 2006, the population of North Korea has increased from 24.5M people to 26.7M (8.7% growth), while Peru has grown from 28.3M to 35M (23.7% growth).
North Korea vs Peru: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
North Korea
|
Peru
|
|
| 2100 | 19,604,631 | 38,452,509 |
| 2099 | 19,733,548 | 38,619,608 |
| 2098 | 19,862,949 | 38,784,430 |
| 2097 | 19,993,288 | 38,947,717 |
| 2096 | 20,124,518 | 39,108,849 |
| 2095 | 20,256,401 | 39,267,786 |
| 2094 | 20,388,156 | 39,423,479 |
| 2093 | 20,520,253 | 39,578,294 |
| 2092 | 20,652,961 | 39,729,309 |
| 2091 | 20,785,785 | 39,877,488 |
| 2090 | 20,918,305 | 40,022,659 |
| 2089 | 21,050,580 | 40,164,228 |
| 2088 | 21,182,325 | 40,303,304 |
| 2087 | 21,314,047 | 40,438,644 |
| 2086 | 21,445,329 | 40,569,419 |
| 2085 | 21,575,835 | 40,695,935 |
| 2084 | 21,705,777 | 40,817,705 |
| 2083 | 21,835,029 | 40,933,831 |
| 2082 | 21,964,199 | 41,045,559 |
| 2081 | 22,092,862 | 41,151,529 |
| 2080 | 22,220,948 | 41,252,019 |
| 2079 | 22,348,577 | 41,345,682 |
| 2078 | 22,475,755 | 41,433,298 |
| 2077 | 22,602,817 | 41,514,392 |
| 2076 | 22,729,499 | 41,589,064 |
| 2075 | 22,856,369 | 41,656,726 |
| 2074 | 22,983,784 | 41,717,426 |
| 2073 | 23,111,441 | 41,770,225 |
| 2072 | 23,239,261 | 41,815,673 |
| 2071 | 23,367,583 | 41,853,504 |
| 2070 | 23,496,136 | 41,883,997 |
| 2069 | 23,625,538 | 41,906,365 |
| 2068 | 23,755,136 | 41,920,235 |
| 2067 | 23,884,879 | 41,925,717 |
| 2066 | 24,015,027 | 41,923,100 |
| 2065 | 24,144,985 | 41,912,338 |
| 2064 | 24,274,257 | 41,893,671 |
| 2063 | 24,402,439 | 41,866,010 |
| 2062 | 24,529,941 | 41,830,096 |
| 2061 | 24,656,350 | 41,785,364 |
| 2060 | 24,780,911 | 41,732,163 |
| 2059 | 24,903,037 | 41,670,843 |
| 2058 | 25,023,260 | 41,601,084 |
| 2057 | 25,140,523 | 41,522,014 |
| 2056 | 25,255,342 | 41,434,774 |
| 2055 | 25,366,397 | 41,338,448 |
| 2054 | 25,474,292 | 41,233,873 |
| 2053 | 25,578,870 | 41,120,477 |
| 2052 | 25,679,963 | 40,999,698 |
| 2051 | 25,777,639 | 40,870,773 |
| 2050 | 25,871,673 | 40,733,304 |
| 2049 | 25,962,167 | 40,588,072 |
| 2048 | 26,048,593 | 40,434,856 |
| 2047 | 26,131,429 | 40,272,431 |
| 2046 | 26,210,487 | 40,100,751 |
| 2045 | 26,286,208 | 39,920,558 |
| 2044 | 26,358,331 | 39,731,027 |
| 2043 | 26,427,062 | 39,534,093 |
| 2042 | 26,491,482 | 39,328,332 |
| 2041 | 26,552,564 | 39,114,174 |
| 2040 | 26,609,557 | 38,892,211 |
| 2039 | 26,661,815 | 38,662,243 |
| 2038 | 26,708,400 | 38,424,592 |
| 2037 | 26,749,134 | 38,178,789 |
| 2036 | 26,783,304 | 37,924,438 |
| 2035 | 26,810,026 | 37,662,565 |
| 2034 | 26,828,912 | 37,392,354 |
| 2033 | 26,839,229 | 37,114,776 |
| 2032 | 26,840,944 | 36,830,488 |
| 2031 | 26,832,957 | 36,538,688 |
| 2030 | 26,814,812 | 36,238,199 |
| 2029 | 26,787,117 | 35,929,085 |
| 2028 | 26,749,227 | 35,609,999 |
| 2027 | 26,701,444 | 35,280,410 |
| 2026 | 26,643,460 | 34,939,340 |
| 2025 | 26,575,953 | 34,585,730 |
| 2024 | 26,498,823 | 34,217,848 |
| 2023 | 26,418,204 | 33,845,617 |
| 2022 | 26,328,845 | 33,475,438 |
| 2021 | 26,232,534 | 33,155,882 |
| 2020 | 26,136,312 | 32,838,579 |
| 2019 | 26,037,632 | 32,449,303 |
| 2018 | 25,931,147 | 31,897,584 |
| 2017 | 25,817,709 | 31,324,637 |
| 2016 | 25,698,326 | 30,866,494 |
| 2015 | 25,575,350 | 30,457,600 |
| 2014 | 25,451,262 | 30,115,826 |
| 2013 | 25,329,451 | 29,817,919 |
| 2012 | 25,211,728 | 29,550,366 |
| 2011 | 25,097,874 | 29,304,086 |
| 2010 | 24,987,258 | 29,086,019 |
| 2009 | 24,878,332 | 28,896,811 |
| 2008 | 24,764,618 | 28,719,041 |
| 2007 | 24,646,383 | 28,530,699 |
| 2006 | 24,524,507 | 28,324,491 |
| 2005 | 24,396,433 | 28,101,180 |
| 2004 | 24,254,943 | 27,852,190 |
| 2003 | 24,090,380 | 27,580,490 |
| 2002 | 23,943,973 | 27,288,217 |
| 2001 | 23,815,358 | 26,964,601 |
| 2000 | 23,665,910 | 26,598,331 |
| 1999 | 23,497,599 | 26,186,504 |
| 1998 | 23,311,564 | 25,738,095 |
| 1997 | 23,110,830 | 25,274,147 |
| 1996 | 22,895,746 | 24,811,171 |
| 1995 | 22,669,304 | 24,348,919 |
| 1994 | 22,393,975 | 23,881,493 |
| 1993 | 22,073,352 | 23,413,783 |
| 1992 | 21,750,911 | 22,946,340 |
| 1991 | 21,428,638 | 22,483,775 |
| 1990 | 21,112,137 | 22,014,771 |
| 1989 | 20,804,367 | 21,532,589 |
| 1988 | 20,503,161 | 21,054,702 |
| 1987 | 20,205,483 | 20,582,320 |
| 1986 | 19,910,855 | 20,117,122 |
| 1985 | 19,620,388 | 19,648,204 |
| 1984 | 19,335,043 | 19,174,716 |
| 1983 | 19,054,034 | 18,705,957 |
| 1982 | 18,776,357 | 18,246,503 |
| 1981 | 18,501,295 | 17,798,805 |
| 1980 | 18,236,786 | 17,360,949 |
| 1979 | 17,983,470 | 16,933,139 |
| 1978 | 17,735,995 | 16,516,059 |
| 1977 | 17,492,798 | 16,109,806 |
| 1976 | 17,243,450 | 15,716,809 |
| 1975 | 16,971,055 | 15,333,957 |
| 1974 | 16,673,121 | 14,956,552 |
| 1973 | 16,350,367 | 14,582,867 |
| 1972 | 15,975,069 | 14,210,147 |
| 1971 | 15,572,457 | 13,838,067 |
| 1970 | 15,172,775 | 13,501,237 |
| 1969 | 14,767,615 | 13,166,767 |
| 1968 | 14,365,596 | 12,803,993 |
| 1967 | 13,958,350 | 12,448,814 |
| 1966 | 13,569,094 | 12,101,297 |
| 1965 | 13,219,369 | 11,761,085 |
| 1964 | 12,889,770 | 11,427,978 |
| 1963 | 12,567,057 | 11,102,099 |
| 1962 | 12,262,882 | 10,784,612 |
| 1961 | 11,990,713 | 10,475,123 |
| 1960 | 11,722,953 | 10,174,127 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/north-korea/peru | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of North Korea increased by 1,173,819 people (a 4.79% growth), while Peru gained 2,542,003 people (a 8.97% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, North Korea gained 960,818 people (a 3.74% growth), while Peru's population increased by 4,165,102 people (a 13.5% growth).
North Korea was ranked 46th most populous country in 2006 and is 57th in 2026. Peru was ranked 40th in 2006 and ranked 48th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) North Korea's population will shrink by 2.95% to 25,871,673 people with a rank change from 57th to 66th. The population of Peru will increase by 16.3% to 40,733,304 people and rank change from 48th to 51st.
North Korea is projected to reach its peak in 2032 at 26.8M people compared to the peak of 41.9M people in 2067 for Peru.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
North Korea
|
Peru
|
|
| 2100 | -0.65% | -0.43% |
| 2099 | -0.65% | -0.42% |
| 2098 | -0.65% | -0.42% |
| 2097 | -0.65% | -0.41% |
| 2096 | -0.65% | -0.4% |
| 2095 | -0.65% | -0.39% |
| 2094 | -0.64% | -0.39% |
| 2093 | -0.64% | -0.38% |
| 2092 | -0.64% | -0.37% |
| 2091 | -0.63% | -0.36% |
| 2090 | -0.63% | -0.35% |
| 2089 | -0.62% | -0.35% |
| 2088 | -0.62% | -0.33% |
| 2087 | -0.61% | -0.32% |
| 2086 | -0.6% | -0.31% |
| 2085 | -0.6% | -0.3% |
| 2084 | -0.59% | -0.28% |
| 2083 | -0.59% | -0.27% |
| 2082 | -0.58% | -0.26% |
| 2081 | -0.58% | -0.24% |
| 2080 | -0.57% | -0.23% |
| 2079 | -0.57% | -0.21% |
| 2078 | -0.56% | -0.2% |
| 2077 | -0.56% | -0.18% |
| 2076 | -0.56% | -0.16% |
| 2075 | -0.55% | -0.15% |
| 2074 | -0.55% | -0.13% |
| 2073 | -0.55% | -0.11% |
| 2072 | -0.55% | -0.09% |
| 2071 | -0.55% | -0.07% |
| 2070 | -0.55% | -0.05% |
| 2069 | -0.55% | -0.03% |
| 2068 | -0.54% | -0.01% |
| 2067 | -0.54% | 0.006% |
| 2066 | -0.54% | 0.03% |
| 2065 | -0.53% | 0.04% |
| 2064 | -0.53% | 0.07% |
| 2063 | -0.52% | 0.09% |
| 2062 | -0.51% | 0.11% |
| 2061 | -0.5% | 0.13% |
| 2060 | -0.49% | 0.15% |
| 2059 | -0.48% | 0.17% |
| 2058 | -0.47% | 0.19% |
| 2057 | -0.45% | 0.21% |
| 2056 | -0.44% | 0.23% |
| 2055 | -0.42% | 0.25% |
| 2054 | -0.41% | 0.28% |
| 2053 | -0.39% | 0.29% |
| 2052 | -0.38% | 0.32% |
| 2051 | -0.36% | 0.34% |
| 2050 | -0.35% | 0.36% |
| 2049 | -0.33% | 0.38% |
| 2048 | -0.32% | 0.4% |
| 2047 | -0.3% | 0.43% |
| 2046 | -0.29% | 0.45% |
| 2045 | -0.27% | 0.48% |
| 2044 | -0.26% | 0.5% |
| 2043 | -0.24% | 0.52% |
| 2042 | -0.23% | 0.55% |
| 2041 | -0.21% | 0.57% |
| 2040 | -0.2% | 0.59% |
| 2039 | -0.17% | 0.62% |
| 2038 | -0.15% | 0.64% |
| 2037 | -0.13% | 0.67% |
| 2036 | -0.1% | 0.7% |
| 2035 | -0.07% | 0.72% |
| 2034 | -0.04% | 0.75% |
| 2033 | -0.006% | 0.77% |
| 2032 | 0.03% | 0.8% |
| 2031 | 0.07% | 0.83% |
| 2030 | 0.1% | 0.86% |
| 2029 | 0.14% | 0.9% |
| 2028 | 0.18% | 0.93% |
| 2027 | 0.22% | 0.98% |
| 2026 | 0.25% | 1.02% |
| 2025 | 0.29% | 1.08% |
| 2024 | 0.31% | 1.1% |
| 2023 | 0.34% | 1.11% |
| 2022 | 0.37% | 0.96% |
| 2021 | 0.37% | 0.97% |
| 2020 | 0.38% | 1.2% |
| 2019 | 0.41% | 1.73% |
| 2018 | 0.44% | 1.83% |
| 2017 | 0.46% | 1.48% |
| 2016 | 0.48% | 1.34% |
| 2015 | 0.49% | 1.13% |
| 2014 | 0.48% | 1% |
| 2013 | 0.47% | 0.91% |
| 2012 | 0.45% | 0.84% |
| 2011 | 0.44% | 0.75% |
| 2010 | 0.44% | 0.65% |
| 2009 | 0.46% | 0.62% |
| 2008 | 0.48% | 0.66% |
| 2007 | 0.5% | 0.73% |
| 2006 | 0.52% | 0.79% |
| 2005 | 0.58% | 0.89% |
| 2004 | 0.68% | 0.99% |
| 2003 | 0.61% | 1.07% |
| 2002 | 0.54% | 1.2% |
| 2001 | 0.63% | 1.38% |
| 2000 | 0.72% | 1.57% |
| 1999 | 0.8% | 1.74% |
| 1998 | 0.87% | 1.84% |
| 1997 | 0.94% | 1.87% |
| 1996 | 1% | 1.9% |
| 1995 | 1.23% | 1.96% |
| 1994 | 1.45% | 2% |
| 1993 | 1.48% | 2.04% |
| 1992 | 1.5% | 2.06% |
| 1991 | 1.5% | 2.13% |
| 1990 | 1.48% | 2.24% |
| 1989 | 1.47% | 2.27% |
| 1988 | 1.47% | 2.3% |
| 1987 | 1.48% | 2.31% |
| 1986 | 1.48% | 2.39% |
| 1985 | 1.48% | 2.47% |
| 1984 | 1.47% | 2.51% |
| 1983 | 1.48% | 2.52% |
| 1982 | 1.49% | 2.52% |
| 1981 | 1.45% | 2.52% |
| 1980 | 1.41% | 2.53% |
| 1979 | 1.4% | 2.53% |
| 1978 | 1.39% | 2.52% |
| 1977 | 1.45% | 2.5% |
| 1976 | 1.61% | 2.5% |
| 1975 | 1.79% | 2.52% |
| 1974 | 1.97% | 2.56% |
| 1973 | 2.35% | 2.62% |
| 1972 | 2.59% | 2.69% |
| 1971 | 2.63% | 2.49% |
| 1970 | 2.74% | 2.54% |
| 1969 | 2.8% | 2.83% |
| 1968 | 2.92% | 2.85% |
| 1967 | 2.87% | 2.87% |
| 1966 | 2.65% | 2.89% |
| 1965 | 2.56% | 2.91% |
| 1964 | 2.57% | 2.94% |
| 1963 | 2.48% | 2.94% |
| 1962 | 2.27% | 2.95% |
| 1961 | 2.28% | 2.96% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1961–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/north-korea/peru | CC BY
In 2024, the population of North Korea grew by 0.31%, while Peru's population grew by 1.1%.
Live population counters
|
North Korea
|
Peru
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
26659144
|
35031596
|
| Population rank | 57/197 | 48/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.32% | 0.42% |
| One net population change |
6.52 minutes
|
1.41 minutes
|
| One birth every |
1.54 minutes
|
58.4 seconds
|
| One death every |
2.05 minutes
|
2.83 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | +221 | +1,020 |
| Annual growth/decline | +80,619 | +372,231 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +0.31% | +1.1% |
| Population growth rate rank | 150/197 | 95/197 |
| One migration net change every |
3.15 hours
|
44.2 minutes
|
| Annual migration change | -2,787 | +11,931 |
| Net migration rank | 104/196 | 41/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 50,439 | 1,837,219 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 150/195 | 39/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 0.2% | 5.4% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 189/195 | 90/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
North Korea
|
Peru
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | -2,787 | - | 11,931 |
| 2024 | - | -2,473 | - | 18,406 |
| 2023 | 86,203 | -1,997 | 353,788 | 24,783 |
| 2022 | 96,495 | -1,997 | 327,859 | 33,982 |
| 2021 | 99,710 | -1,585 | 235,440 | 41,868 |
| 2020 | 95,920 | -1,585 | 301,950 | 55,375 |
| 2019 | 106,208 | -3,142 | 346,981 | 74,270 |
| 2018 | 113,164 | -3,225 | 343,123 | 339,067 |
| 2017 | 120,181 | -3,224 | 349,333 | 114,382 |
| 2016 | 125,048 | -3,222 | 355,859 | 96,740 |
| 2015 | 127,365 | -3,208 | 362,781 | 2,421 |
| 2014 | 127,078 | -3,042 | 368,708 | -50,383 |
| 2013 | 122,519 | -2,933 | 372,694 | -95,214 |
| 2012 | 118,773 | -2,919 | 376,501 | -118,863 |
| 2011 | 114,798 | -2,957 | 383,268 | -148,339 |
| 2010 | 112,443 | -3,053 | 382,510 | -181,302 |
| 2009 | 111,530 | -3,058 | 396,522 | -219,314 |
| 2008 | 122,015 | -3,051 | 413,640 | -235,307 |
| 2007 | 120,521 | -3,021 | 435,122 | -236,745 |
| 2006 | 129,171 | -2,948 | 445,884 | -231,851 |
| 2005 | 132,765 | -2,861 | 454,199 | -221,652 |
| 2004 | 155,838 | -2,758 | 459,617 | -194,171 |
| 2003 | 178,775 | -2,717 | 459,243 | -181,276 |
| 2002 | 119,504 | -2,763 | 463,709 | -157,158 |
| 2001 | 143,321 | -2,884 | 470,154 | -129,481 |
| 2000 | 161,591 | -3,142 | 484,222 | -92,353 |
| 1999 | 181,613 | -3,443 | 487,095 | -55,325 |
| 1998 | 197,589 | -3,706 | 489,436 | -24,388 |
| 1997 | 211,325 | -3,745 | 495,348 | -32,515 |
| 1996 | 226,095 | -3,512 | 501,855 | -38,749 |
| 1995 | 233,381 | -3,094 | 507,894 | -46,499 |
| 1994 | 320,861 | -517 | 512,735 | -39,299 |
| 1993 | 320,880 | 0 | 513,769 | -51,775 |
| 1992 | 324,002 | 0 | 514,618 | -41,702 |
| 1991 | 320,551 | 0 | 513,867 | -61,645 |
| 1990 | 312,460 | 0 | 515,233 | -29,437 |
| 1989 | 303,078 | 0 | 512,152 | -33,569 |
| 1988 | 299,305 | 0 | 508,429 | -31,238 |
| 1987 | 296,030 | 0 | 502,229 | -34,651 |
| 1986 | 293,227 | 0 | 496,712 | -33,891 |
| 1985 | 287,714 | 0 | 488,887 | -13,887 |
| 1984 | 282,987 | 0 | 477,968 | -6,007 |
| 1983 | 279,046 | 0 | 469,781 | -4,243 |
| 1982 | 276,332 | 0 | 461,107 | -7,748 |
| 1981 | 273,800 | 0 | 453,158 | -11,123 |
| 1980 | 255,206 | 0 | 445,100 | -11,446 |
| 1979 | 251,409 | 0 | 439,110 | -17,148 |
| 1978 | 243,533 | 0 | 432,127 | -19,939 |
| 1977 | 242,870 | 0 | 425,428 | -25,117 |
| 1976 | 255,841 | 0 | 420,284 | -34,602 |
| 1975 | 288,966 | 0 | 414,400 | -34,382 |
| 1974 | 306,902 | 0 | 408,299 | -33,493 |
| 1973 | 338,600 | 0 | 400,752 | -28,191 |
| 1972 | 411,997 | 0 | 396,960 | -24,100 |
| 1971 | 393,220 | 0 | 391,506 | -20,209 |
| 1970 | 406,129 | 0 | 318,022 | -15,653 |
| 1969 | 404,189 | 0 | 379,347 | -12,776 |
| 1968 | 399,837 | 0 | 372,379 | -13,389 |
| 1967 | 414,632 | 0 | 365,224 | -13,837 |
| 1966 | 363,882 | 0 | 356,819 | -13,166 |
| 1965 | 335,587 | 0 | 349,245 | -12,470 |
| 1964 | 323,623 | 0 | 341,570 | -12,129 |
| 1963 | 321,805 | 0 | 332,352 | -10,040 |
| 1962 | 286,534 | 0 | 321,716 | -9,051 |
| 1961 | 257,788 | 0 | 313,385 | -7,063 |
| 1960 | 277,717 | 0 | 302,924 | -7,236 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/north-korea/peru | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 97.7% of the population change in North Korea is from natural causes (a gain of 1,097,372 people) and 2.33% is from migration (a loss of 26,227 people). In Peru 82% is from natural causes (a gain of 3,345,822 people) and 18% is from migration (a gain of 732,505 people).
As of 2024, 50,439 residents or 0.2% of the population were not native-born in North Korea, compared to 1,837,219 people or 5.4% in Peru.
Biggest cities by population
|
North Korea
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Pyongyang | 2.86M |
| Hamhung | 769K |
| Chongjin | 668K |
| Sunchon | 437K |
| Nampo | 367K |
| Wonsan | 363K |
| Sinuiju | 359K |
| Tanchon | 346K |
| Kaechon | 320K |
| Kaesong | 308K |
|
Peru
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Lima | 9.94M |
| Arequipa | 1.01M |
| Trujillo | 920K |
| Chiclayo | 553K |
| Callao | 537K |
| Piura | 473K |
| Cusco | 428K |
| Chimbote | 395K |
| Huancayo | 378K |
| Iquitos | 378K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between North Korea and Peru
|
North Korea
|
Peru
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 74 years | 78.3 years |
| Average age | 38 years | 33.2 years |
| Median age | 37.3 years | 30.8 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 49.5:50.5 | 49.7:50.3 |
| Fertility rate | 1.78 births per woman | 1.98 births per woman |
| Population density | 573 ppl/mi² | 70.7 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20).
GeoRank.org/population/north-korea/peru | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10)
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