The latest officially reported population of France was 68,720,337 in 2025 vs 26,571,036 people in North Korea in 2025. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current France's population is 68,871,753 people compared to 26,668,308 in North Korea.
Population statistics:
- France's population is 2.58 times bigger than North Korea's.
- France is ranked the 23rd most populous country in the world, while North Korea is the 57th.
- The countries together account for 1.15% of the world: 0.83% for France vs 0.32% for North Korea.
- For the last 10 years, France has had an average growth rate of +0.32% per year vs +0.39% in North Korea.
- Since 2006, the population of France has increased from 63.6M people to 68.9M (8.25% growth), while North Korea has grown from 24.5M to 26.7M (8.74% growth).
France vs North Korea: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
France
|
North Korea
|
|
| 2100 | 70,675,442 | 19,601,003 |
| 2099 | 70,692,029 | 19,729,897 |
| 2098 | 70,701,942 | 19,859,274 |
| 2097 | 70,707,028 | 19,989,589 |
| 2096 | 70,713,643 | 20,120,795 |
| 2095 | 70,707,277 | 20,252,653 |
| 2094 | 70,691,394 | 20,384,384 |
| 2093 | 70,665,663 | 20,516,457 |
| 2092 | 70,643,058 | 20,649,140 |
| 2091 | 70,615,655 | 20,781,939 |
| 2090 | 70,582,877 | 20,914,434 |
| 2089 | 70,549,228 | 21,046,685 |
| 2088 | 70,510,136 | 21,178,406 |
| 2087 | 70,470,494 | 21,310,103 |
| 2086 | 70,427,922 | 21,441,361 |
| 2085 | 70,390,427 | 21,571,843 |
| 2084 | 70,348,036 | 21,701,761 |
| 2083 | 70,296,271 | 21,830,989 |
| 2082 | 70,255,426 | 21,960,135 |
| 2081 | 70,210,373 | 22,088,774 |
| 2080 | 70,169,003 | 22,216,836 |
| 2079 | 70,127,568 | 22,344,442 |
| 2078 | 70,087,269 | 22,471,597 |
| 2077 | 70,045,257 | 22,598,635 |
| 2076 | 70,001,871 | 22,725,293 |
| 2075 | 69,959,255 | 22,852,140 |
| 2074 | 69,924,120 | 22,979,532 |
| 2073 | 69,892,712 | 23,107,165 |
| 2072 | 69,866,697 | 23,234,961 |
| 2071 | 69,838,818 | 23,363,260 |
| 2070 | 69,826,471 | 23,491,789 |
| 2069 | 69,816,539 | 23,621,167 |
| 2068 | 69,818,570 | 23,750,741 |
| 2067 | 69,826,386 | 23,880,460 |
| 2066 | 69,835,591 | 24,010,584 |
| 2065 | 69,856,319 | 24,140,518 |
| 2064 | 69,880,666 | 24,269,765 |
| 2063 | 69,910,009 | 24,397,924 |
| 2062 | 69,948,667 | 24,525,403 |
| 2061 | 69,988,307 | 24,651,788 |
| 2060 | 70,030,670 | 24,776,326 |
| 2059 | 70,076,337 | 24,898,430 |
| 2058 | 70,119,195 | 25,018,630 |
| 2057 | 70,164,701 | 25,135,871 |
| 2056 | 70,208,938 | 25,250,670 |
| 2055 | 70,258,544 | 25,361,704 |
| 2054 | 70,298,466 | 25,469,578 |
| 2053 | 70,332,664 | 25,574,137 |
| 2052 | 70,357,980 | 25,675,211 |
| 2051 | 70,383,190 | 25,772,870 |
| 2050 | 70,398,057 | 25,866,886 |
| 2049 | 70,407,335 | 25,957,363 |
| 2048 | 70,406,135 | 26,043,774 |
| 2047 | 70,394,515 | 26,126,594 |
| 2046 | 70,376,409 | 26,205,638 |
| 2045 | 70,345,569 | 26,281,344 |
| 2044 | 70,306,509 | 26,353,455 |
| 2043 | 70,260,348 | 26,422,173 |
| 2042 | 70,199,353 | 26,486,580 |
| 2041 | 70,133,877 | 26,547,651 |
| 2040 | 70,067,958 | 26,604,634 |
| 2039 | 69,998,706 | 26,656,882 |
| 2038 | 69,920,456 | 26,703,458 |
| 2037 | 69,831,930 | 26,744,185 |
| 2036 | 69,743,406 | 26,778,348 |
| 2035 | 69,651,629 | 26,805,065 |
| 2034 | 69,558,099 | 26,823,948 |
| 2033 | 69,468,319 | 26,834,263 |
| 2032 | 69,377,856 | 26,835,978 |
| 2031 | 69,288,525 | 26,827,992 |
| 2030 | 69,197,981 | 26,809,850 |
| 2029 | 69,104,114 | 26,782,161 |
| 2028 | 69,012,886 | 26,744,278 |
| 2027 | 68,917,613 | 26,696,504 |
| 2026 | 68,823,318 | 26,638,530 |
| 2025 | 68,720,337 | 26,571,036 |
| 2024 | 68,551,653 | 26,498,823 |
| 2023 | 68,372,286 | 26,418,204 |
| 2022 | 68,184,457 | 26,328,845 |
| 2021 | 67,842,811 | 26,232,534 |
| 2020 | 67,601,110 | 26,136,312 |
| 2019 | 67,382,061 | 26,037,632 |
| 2018 | 67,158,348 | 25,931,147 |
| 2017 | 66,918,020 | 25,817,709 |
| 2016 | 66,724,104 | 25,698,326 |
| 2015 | 66,548,272 | 25,575,350 |
| 2014 | 66,312,067 | 25,451,262 |
| 2013 | 65,997,932 | 25,329,451 |
| 2012 | 65,657,659 | 25,211,728 |
| 2011 | 65,340,830 | 25,097,874 |
| 2010 | 65,026,211 | 24,987,258 |
| 2009 | 64,706,436 | 24,878,332 |
| 2008 | 64,375,116 | 24,764,618 |
| 2007 | 64,016,890 | 24,646,383 |
| 2006 | 63,622,342 | 24,524,507 |
| 2005 | 63,180,854 | 24,396,433 |
| 2004 | 62,707,588 | 24,254,943 |
| 2003 | 62,249,855 | 24,090,380 |
| 2002 | 61,812,142 | 23,943,973 |
| 2001 | 61,364,377 | 23,815,358 |
| 2000 | 60,918,661 | 23,665,910 |
| 1999 | 60,501,986 | 23,497,599 |
| 1998 | 60,190,684 | 23,311,564 |
| 1997 | 59,968,066 | 23,110,830 |
| 1996 | 59,754,504 | 22,895,746 |
| 1995 | 59,541,294 | 22,669,304 |
| 1994 | 59,324,863 | 22,393,975 |
| 1993 | 59,103,094 | 22,073,352 |
| 1992 | 58,846,584 | 21,750,911 |
| 1991 | 58,554,242 | 21,428,638 |
| 1990 | 58,261,012 | 21,112,137 |
| 1989 | 57,943,062 | 20,804,367 |
| 1988 | 57,598,186 | 20,503,161 |
| 1987 | 57,266,167 | 20,205,483 |
| 1986 | 56,956,002 | 19,910,855 |
| 1985 | 56,665,619 | 19,620,388 |
| 1984 | 56,383,085 | 19,335,043 |
| 1983 | 56,108,330 | 19,054,034 |
| 1982 | 55,806,789 | 18,776,357 |
| 1981 | 55,603,353 | 18,501,295 |
| 1980 | 55,274,184 | 18,236,786 |
| 1979 | 54,979,851 | 17,983,470 |
| 1978 | 54,734,030 | 17,735,995 |
| 1977 | 54,486,467 | 17,492,798 |
| 1976 | 54,232,383 | 17,243,450 |
| 1975 | 54,002,853 | 16,971,055 |
| 1974 | 53,746,571 | 16,673,121 |
| 1973 | 53,392,161 | 16,350,367 |
| 1972 | 52,962,356 | 15,975,069 |
| 1971 | 52,499,553 | 15,572,457 |
| 1970 | 52,007,169 | 15,172,775 |
| 1969 | 51,536,014 | 14,767,615 |
| 1968 | 51,112,980 | 14,365,596 |
| 1967 | 50,722,791 | 13,958,350 |
| 1966 | 50,311,637 | 13,569,094 |
| 1965 | 49,877,725 | 13,219,369 |
| 1964 | 49,401,492 | 12,889,770 |
| 1963 | 48,877,567 | 12,567,057 |
| 1962 | 48,389,516 | 12,262,882 |
| 1961 | 47,905,982 | 11,990,713 |
| 1960 | 47,412,964 | 11,722,953 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/france/north-korea | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of France increased by 3,101,762 people (a 4.88% growth), while North Korea gained 1,173,819 people (a 4.79% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, France gained 2,147,649 people (a 3.22% growth), while North Korea's population increased by 969,982 people (a 3.77% growth).
France was ranked 20th most populous country in 2006 and is 23rd in 2026. North Korea was ranked 46th in 2006 and ranked 57th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) France's population will grow by 2.22% to 70,398,057 people with a rank change from 23rd to 30th. The population of North Korea will decrease by 3.01% to 25,866,886 people and rank change from 57th to 66th.
France is projected to reach its peak in 2096 at 70.7M people compared to the peak of 26.8M people in 2032 for North Korea.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
France
|
North Korea
|
|
| 2100 | -0.02% | -0.65% |
| 2099 | -0.01% | -0.65% |
| 2098 | -0.007% | -0.65% |
| 2097 | -0.009% | -0.65% |
| 2096 | 0.009% | -0.65% |
| 2095 | 0.02% | -0.65% |
| 2094 | 0.04% | -0.64% |
| 2093 | 0.03% | -0.64% |
| 2092 | 0.04% | -0.64% |
| 2091 | 0.05% | -0.63% |
| 2090 | 0.05% | -0.63% |
| 2089 | 0.06% | -0.62% |
| 2088 | 0.06% | -0.62% |
| 2087 | 0.06% | -0.61% |
| 2086 | 0.05% | -0.6% |
| 2085 | 0.06% | -0.6% |
| 2084 | 0.07% | -0.59% |
| 2083 | 0.06% | -0.59% |
| 2082 | 0.06% | -0.58% |
| 2081 | 0.06% | -0.58% |
| 2080 | 0.06% | -0.57% |
| 2079 | 0.06% | -0.57% |
| 2078 | 0.06% | -0.56% |
| 2077 | 0.06% | -0.56% |
| 2076 | 0.06% | -0.56% |
| 2075 | 0.05% | -0.55% |
| 2074 | 0.04% | -0.55% |
| 2073 | 0.04% | -0.55% |
| 2072 | 0.04% | -0.55% |
| 2071 | 0.02% | -0.55% |
| 2070 | 0.01% | -0.55% |
| 2069 | -0.003% | -0.55% |
| 2068 | -0.01% | -0.54% |
| 2067 | -0.01% | -0.54% |
| 2066 | -0.03% | -0.54% |
| 2065 | -0.03% | -0.53% |
| 2064 | -0.04% | -0.53% |
| 2063 | -0.06% | -0.52% |
| 2062 | -0.06% | -0.51% |
| 2061 | -0.06% | -0.5% |
| 2060 | -0.07% | -0.49% |
| 2059 | -0.06% | -0.48% |
| 2058 | -0.06% | -0.47% |
| 2057 | -0.06% | -0.45% |
| 2056 | -0.07% | -0.44% |
| 2055 | -0.06% | -0.42% |
| 2054 | -0.05% | -0.41% |
| 2053 | -0.04% | -0.39% |
| 2052 | -0.04% | -0.38% |
| 2051 | -0.02% | -0.36% |
| 2050 | -0.01% | -0.35% |
| 2049 | 0.002% | -0.33% |
| 2048 | 0.02% | -0.32% |
| 2047 | 0.03% | -0.3% |
| 2046 | 0.04% | -0.29% |
| 2045 | 0.06% | -0.27% |
| 2044 | 0.07% | -0.26% |
| 2043 | 0.09% | -0.24% |
| 2042 | 0.09% | -0.23% |
| 2041 | 0.09% | -0.21% |
| 2040 | 0.1% | -0.2% |
| 2039 | 0.11% | -0.17% |
| 2038 | 0.13% | -0.15% |
| 2037 | 0.13% | -0.13% |
| 2036 | 0.13% | -0.1% |
| 2035 | 0.13% | -0.07% |
| 2034 | 0.13% | -0.04% |
| 2033 | 0.13% | -0.006% |
| 2032 | 0.13% | 0.03% |
| 2031 | 0.13% | 0.07% |
| 2030 | 0.14% | 0.1% |
| 2029 | 0.13% | 0.14% |
| 2028 | 0.14% | 0.18% |
| 2027 | 0.14% | 0.22% |
| 2026 | 0.15% | 0.25% |
| 2025 | 0.25% | 0.27% |
| 2024 | 0.26% | 0.31% |
| 2023 | 0.28% | 0.34% |
| 2022 | 0.5% | 0.37% |
| 2021 | 0.36% | 0.37% |
| 2020 | 0.33% | 0.38% |
| 2019 | 0.33% | 0.41% |
| 2018 | 0.36% | 0.44% |
| 2017 | 0.29% | 0.46% |
| 2016 | 0.26% | 0.48% |
| 2015 | 0.36% | 0.49% |
| 2014 | 0.48% | 0.48% |
| 2013 | 0.52% | 0.47% |
| 2012 | 0.48% | 0.45% |
| 2011 | 0.48% | 0.44% |
| 2010 | 0.49% | 0.44% |
| 2009 | 0.51% | 0.46% |
| 2008 | 0.56% | 0.48% |
| 2007 | 0.62% | 0.5% |
| 2006 | 0.7% | 0.52% |
| 2005 | 0.75% | 0.58% |
| 2004 | 0.74% | 0.68% |
| 2003 | 0.71% | 0.61% |
| 2002 | 0.73% | 0.54% |
| 2001 | 0.73% | 0.63% |
| 2000 | 0.69% | 0.72% |
| 1999 | 0.52% | 0.8% |
| 1998 | 0.37% | 0.87% |
| 1997 | 0.36% | 0.94% |
| 1996 | 0.36% | 1% |
| 1995 | 0.36% | 1.23% |
| 1994 | 0.38% | 1.45% |
| 1993 | 0.44% | 1.48% |
| 1992 | 0.5% | 1.5% |
| 1991 | 0.5% | 1.5% |
| 1990 | 0.55% | 1.48% |
| 1989 | 0.6% | 1.47% |
| 1988 | 0.58% | 1.47% |
| 1987 | 0.54% | 1.48% |
| 1986 | 0.51% | 1.48% |
| 1985 | 0.5% | 1.48% |
| 1984 | 0.49% | 1.47% |
| 1983 | 0.54% | 1.48% |
| 1982 | 0.37% | 1.49% |
| 1981 | 0.6% | 1.45% |
| 1980 | 0.54% | 1.41% |
| 1979 | 0.45% | 1.4% |
| 1978 | 0.45% | 1.39% |
| 1977 | 0.47% | 1.45% |
| 1976 | 0.43% | 1.61% |
| 1975 | 0.48% | 1.79% |
| 1974 | 0.66% | 1.97% |
| 1973 | 0.81% | 2.35% |
| 1972 | 0.88% | 2.59% |
| 1971 | 0.95% | 2.63% |
| 1970 | 0.91% | 2.74% |
| 1969 | 0.83% | 2.8% |
| 1968 | 0.77% | 2.92% |
| 1967 | 0.82% | 2.87% |
| 1966 | 0.87% | 2.65% |
| 1965 | 0.96% | 2.56% |
| 1964 | 1.07% | 2.57% |
| 1963 | 1.01% | 2.48% |
| 1962 | 1.01% | 2.27% |
| 1961 | 1.04% | 2.28% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1961–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/france/north-korea | CC BY
In 2025, the population of France grew by 0.25%, while North Korea's population grew by 0.27%.
Live population counters
|
France
|
North Korea
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
68871753
|
26668308
|
| Population rank | 23/197 | 57/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.83% | 0.32% |
| One net population change |
3.12 minutes
|
7.3 minutes
|
| One birth every |
47.4 seconds
|
1.54 minutes
|
| One death every |
48.9 seconds
|
2.01 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | +462 | +198 |
| Annual growth/decline | +168,684 | +72,213 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +0.25% | +0.27% |
| Population growth rate rank | 149/197 | 146/197 |
| One migration net change every |
5.75 minutes
|
3.15 hours
|
| Annual migration change | +91,737 | -2,787 |
| Net migration rank | 18/196 | 104/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 9,186,757 | 50,439 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 5/195 | 150/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 13.8% | 0.2% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 49/195 | 189/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
France
|
North Korea
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | 91,737 | - | -2,787 |
| 2024 | 20,566 | 90,527 | 79,496 | -2,473 |
| 2023 | 34,186 | 91,862 | 86,203 | -1,997 |
| 2022 | 54,547 | 179,377 | 96,495 | -1,997 |
| 2021 | 74,627 | 131,465 | 99,710 | -1,585 |
| 2020 | 67,602 | 145,593 | 95,920 | -1,585 |
| 2019 | 141,503 | 71,972 | 106,208 | -3,142 |
| 2018 | 147,749 | 132,925 | 113,164 | -3,225 |
| 2017 | 160,604 | 102,984 | 120,181 | -3,224 |
| 2016 | 193,500 | 15,548 | 125,048 | -3,222 |
| 2015 | 206,300 | -345 | 127,365 | -3,208 |
| 2014 | 265,248 | 52,342 | 127,078 | -3,042 |
| 2013 | 244,192 | 116,297 | 122,519 | -2,933 |
| 2012 | 256,065 | 103,287 | 118,773 | -2,919 |
| 2011 | 280,966 | 70,178 | 114,798 | -2,957 |
| 2010 | 286,116 | 52,644 | 112,443 | -3,053 |
| 2009 | 278,238 | 58,032 | 111,530 | -3,058 |
| 2008 | 283,250 | 79,528 | 122,015 | -3,051 |
| 2007 | 288,076 | 91,973 | 120,521 | -3,021 |
| 2006 | 305,387 | 132,512 | 129,171 | -2,948 |
| 2005 | 271,677 | 191,417 | 132,765 | -2,861 |
| 2004 | 282,185 | 200,629 | 155,838 | -2,758 |
| 2003 | 230,325 | 195,616 | 178,775 | -2,717 |
| 2002 | 253,430 | 191,373 | 119,504 | -2,763 |
| 2001 | 263,867 | 179,476 | 143,321 | -2,884 |
| 2000 | 268,042 | 171,637 | 161,591 | -3,142 |
| 1999 | 229,907 | 169,448 | 181,613 | -3,443 |
| 1998 | 222,705 | 20,216 | 197,589 | -3,706 |
| 1997 | 215,885 | -15,255 | 211,325 | -3,745 |
| 1996 | 221,092 | -21,463 | 226,095 | -3,512 |
| 1995 | 220,303 | -17,128 | 233,381 | -3,094 |
| 1994 | 201,704 | -4,232 | 320,861 | -517 |
| 1993 | 224,592 | 16,892 | 320,880 | 0 |
| 1992 | 229,502 | 61,964 | 324,002 | 0 |
| 1991 | 234,216 | 35,201 | 320,551 | 0 |
| 1990 | 238,870 | 43,323 | 312,460 | 0 |
| 1989 | 243,361 | 82,052 | 303,078 | 0 |
| 1988 | 247,672 | 69,935 | 299,305 | 0 |
| 1987 | 251,971 | 59,890 | 296,030 | 0 |
| 1986 | 250,606 | 51,642 | 293,227 | 0 |
| 1985 | 249,328 | 66,149 | 287,714 | 0 |
| 1984 | 248,086 | 76,175 | 282,987 | 0 |
| 1983 | 235,655 | 88,166 | 279,046 | 0 |
| 1982 | 234,389 | 81,084 | 276,332 | 0 |
| 1981 | 222,414 | 69,365 | 273,800 | 0 |
| 1980 | 210,042 | 54,718 | 255,206 | 0 |
| 1979 | 208,923 | 34,295 | 251,409 | 0 |
| 1978 | 213,462 | 18,692 | 243,533 | 0 |
| 1977 | 217,946 | 44,918 | 242,870 | 0 |
| 1976 | 227,776 | 59,515 | 255,841 | 0 |
| 1975 | 248,413 | 16,139 | 288,966 | 0 |
| 1974 | 268,733 | 26,203 | 306,902 | 0 |
| 1973 | 282,979 | 103,910 | 338,600 | 0 |
| 1972 | 296,589 | 101,223 | 411,997 | 0 |
| 1971 | 309,747 | 144,321 | 393,220 | 0 |
| 1970 | 322,444 | 182,941 | 406,129 | 0 |
| 1969 | 329,831 | 160,403 | 404,189 | 0 |
| 1968 | 337,346 | 113,115 | 399,837 | 0 |
| 1967 | 339,843 | 63,018 | 414,632 | 0 |
| 1966 | 352,181 | 96,097 | 363,882 | 0 |
| 1965 | 354,132 | 82,879 | 335,587 | 0 |
| 1964 | 360,631 | 163,039 | 323,623 | 0 |
| 1963 | 361,694 | 190,925 | 321,805 | 0 |
| 1962 | 358,082 | 141,634 | 286,534 | 0 |
| 1961 | 354,504 | 128,618 | 257,788 | 0 |
| 1960 | 346,115 | 143,032 | 277,717 | 0 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/france/north-korea | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 53.4% of the population change in France is from natural causes (a gain of 1,101,184 people) and 46.6% is from migration (a gain of 961,908 people). In North Korea 97.6% is from natural causes (a gain of 1,049,790 people) and 2.39% is from migration (a loss of 25,658 people).
As of 2024, 9,186,757 residents or 13.8% of the population were not native-born in France, compared to 50,439 people or 0.2% in North Korea.
Biggest cities by population
|
France
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Paris | 2.1M |
| Marseille | 886K |
| Lyon | 519K |
| Toulouse | 515K |
| Nice | 358K |
| Nantes | 328K |
| Montpellier | 310K |
| Strasbourg | 294K |
| Bordeaux | 268K |
| Lille | 238K |
|
North Korea
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Pyongyang | 2.86M |
| Hamhung | 769K |
| Chongjin | 668K |
| Sunchon | 437K |
| Nampo | 367K |
| Wonsan | 363K |
| Sinuiju | 359K |
| Tanchon | 346K |
| Kaechon | 320K |
| Kaesong | 308K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between France and North Korea
|
France
|
North Korea
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 83.7 years | 74 years |
| Average age | 42.8 years | 38.2 years |
| Median age | 43.2 years | 37.6 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 48.5:51.5 | 49.5:50.5 |
| Fertility rate | 1.61 births per woman | 1.78 births per woman |
| Population density | 331 ppl/mi² | 573 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/france/north-korea | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08)
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