The latest officially reported population of Mauritius was 1,243,741 in 2025 vs 34,576,665 people in Peru in 2025. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Mauritius' population is 1,240,721 people compared to 35,105,331 in Peru.
Population statistics:
- Peru's population is 28.3 times bigger than Mauritius'.
- Mauritius is ranked the 157th most populous country in the world, while Peru is the 48th.
- The countries together account for 0.44% of the world: 0.01% for Mauritius vs 0.42% for Peru.
- For the last 10 years, Mauritius has had an average growth rate of -0.13% per year vs +1.26% in Peru.
- Since 2006, the population of Mauritius has increased from 1.23M people to 1.24M (0.54% growth), while Peru has grown from 28.3M to 35.1M (23.9% growth).
Mauritius vs Peru: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Mauritius
|
Peru
|
|
| 2100 | 573,815 | 38,442,430 |
| 2099 | 582,097 | 38,609,486 |
| 2098 | 590,562 | 38,774,265 |
| 2097 | 599,251 | 38,937,509 |
| 2096 | 608,134 | 39,098,598 |
| 2095 | 617,230 | 39,257,494 |
| 2094 | 626,529 | 39,413,146 |
| 2093 | 636,052 | 39,567,920 |
| 2092 | 645,739 | 39,718,895 |
| 2091 | 655,617 | 39,867,036 |
| 2090 | 665,663 | 40,012,169 |
| 2089 | 675,889 | 40,153,701 |
| 2088 | 686,240 | 40,292,740 |
| 2087 | 696,717 | 40,428,045 |
| 2086 | 707,360 | 40,558,786 |
| 2085 | 718,105 | 40,685,268 |
| 2084 | 728,910 | 40,807,007 |
| 2083 | 739,778 | 40,923,102 |
| 2082 | 750,765 | 41,034,801 |
| 2081 | 761,750 | 41,140,743 |
| 2080 | 772,748 | 41,241,207 |
| 2079 | 783,786 | 41,334,845 |
| 2078 | 794,837 | 41,422,439 |
| 2077 | 805,918 | 41,503,511 |
| 2076 | 816,942 | 41,578,164 |
| 2075 | 827,927 | 41,645,808 |
| 2074 | 838,911 | 41,706,491 |
| 2073 | 849,873 | 41,759,277 |
| 2072 | 860,821 | 41,804,713 |
| 2071 | 871,644 | 41,842,534 |
| 2070 | 882,518 | 41,873,019 |
| 2069 | 893,282 | 41,895,381 |
| 2068 | 903,984 | 41,909,248 |
| 2067 | 914,668 | 41,914,729 |
| 2066 | 925,317 | 41,912,112 |
| 2065 | 935,999 | 41,901,353 |
| 2064 | 946,603 | 41,882,691 |
| 2063 | 957,115 | 41,855,037 |
| 2062 | 967,627 | 41,819,132 |
| 2061 | 978,076 | 41,774,412 |
| 2060 | 988,500 | 41,721,225 |
| 2059 | 998,838 | 41,659,921 |
| 2058 | 1,009,091 | 41,590,180 |
| 2057 | 1,019,346 | 41,511,131 |
| 2056 | 1,029,601 | 41,423,914 |
| 2055 | 1,039,730 | 41,327,613 |
| 2054 | 1,049,821 | 41,223,066 |
| 2053 | 1,059,876 | 41,109,699 |
| 2052 | 1,069,793 | 40,988,952 |
| 2051 | 1,079,612 | 40,860,060 |
| 2050 | 1,089,300 | 40,722,627 |
| 2049 | 1,098,902 | 40,577,434 |
| 2048 | 1,108,341 | 40,424,258 |
| 2047 | 1,117,590 | 40,261,875 |
| 2046 | 1,126,567 | 40,090,240 |
| 2045 | 1,135,321 | 39,910,095 |
| 2044 | 1,143,708 | 39,720,613 |
| 2043 | 1,151,882 | 39,523,731 |
| 2042 | 1,159,639 | 39,318,023 |
| 2041 | 1,167,107 | 39,103,923 |
| 2040 | 1,174,241 | 38,882,017 |
| 2039 | 1,181,008 | 38,652,110 |
| 2038 | 1,187,347 | 38,414,521 |
| 2037 | 1,193,347 | 38,168,782 |
| 2036 | 1,199,055 | 37,914,498 |
| 2035 | 1,204,453 | 37,652,693 |
| 2034 | 1,209,521 | 37,382,554 |
| 2033 | 1,214,292 | 37,105,048 |
| 2032 | 1,218,727 | 36,820,835 |
| 2031 | 1,222,858 | 36,529,111 |
| 2030 | 1,226,642 | 36,228,701 |
| 2029 | 1,230,401 | 35,919,668 |
| 2028 | 1,234,008 | 35,600,666 |
| 2027 | 1,237,431 | 35,271,163 |
| 2026 | 1,240,721 | 34,930,183 |
| 2025 | 1,243,741 | 34,576,665 |
| 2024 | 1,245,779 | 34,217,848 |
| 2023 | 1,248,647 | 33,845,617 |
| 2022 | 1,262,523 | 33,475,438 |
| 2021 | 1,266,334 | 33,155,882 |
| 2020 | 1,266,014 | 32,838,579 |
| 2019 | 1,265,985 | 32,449,303 |
| 2018 | 1,265,577 | 31,897,584 |
| 2017 | 1,264,887 | 31,324,637 |
| 2016 | 1,263,747 | 30,866,494 |
| 2015 | 1,262,879 | 30,457,600 |
| 2014 | 1,261,208 | 30,115,826 |
| 2013 | 1,258,927 | 29,817,919 |
| 2012 | 1,255,882 | 29,550,366 |
| 2011 | 1,252,404 | 29,304,086 |
| 2010 | 1,250,400 | 29,086,019 |
| 2009 | 1,247,429 | 28,896,811 |
| 2008 | 1,244,121 | 28,719,041 |
| 2007 | 1,239,630 | 28,530,699 |
| 2006 | 1,233,996 | 28,324,491 |
| 2005 | 1,228,254 | 28,101,180 |
| 2004 | 1,221,003 | 27,852,190 |
| 2003 | 1,213,370 | 27,580,490 |
| 2002 | 1,204,621 | 27,288,217 |
| 2001 | 1,196,287 | 26,964,601 |
| 2000 | 1,186,873 | 26,598,331 |
| 1999 | 1,175,267 | 26,186,504 |
| 1998 | 1,160,421 | 25,738,095 |
| 1997 | 1,148,284 | 25,274,147 |
| 1996 | 1,133,996 | 24,811,171 |
| 1995 | 1,122,457 | 24,348,919 |
| 1994 | 1,112,846 | 23,881,493 |
| 1993 | 1,097,374 | 23,413,783 |
| 1992 | 1,084,441 | 22,946,340 |
| 1991 | 1,070,266 | 22,483,775 |
| 1990 | 1,058,775 | 22,014,771 |
| 1989 | 1,051,260 | 21,532,589 |
| 1988 | 1,043,239 | 21,054,702 |
| 1987 | 1,036,082 | 20,582,320 |
| 1986 | 1,028,360 | 20,117,122 |
| 1985 | 1,020,528 | 19,648,204 |
| 1984 | 1,012,221 | 19,174,716 |
| 1983 | 1,001,691 | 18,705,957 |
| 1982 | 992,521 | 18,246,503 |
| 1981 | 980,462 | 17,798,805 |
| 1980 | 966,039 | 17,360,949 |
| 1979 | 949,888 | 16,933,139 |
| 1978 | 933,499 | 16,516,059 |
| 1977 | 921,379 | 16,109,806 |
| 1976 | 906,507 | 15,716,809 |
| 1975 | 892,000 | 15,333,957 |
| 1974 | 878,042 | 14,956,552 |
| 1973 | 864,819 | 14,582,867 |
| 1972 | 852,053 | 14,210,147 |
| 1971 | 839,230 | 13,838,067 |
| 1970 | 826,000 | 13,501,237 |
| 1969 | 812,405 | 13,166,767 |
| 1968 | 798,413 | 12,803,993 |
| 1967 | 783,917 | 12,448,814 |
| 1966 | 768,813 | 12,101,297 |
| 1965 | 753,000 | 11,761,085 |
| 1964 | 736,381 | 11,427,978 |
| 1963 | 718,861 | 11,102,099 |
| 1962 | 700,349 | 10,784,612 |
| 1961 | 680,757 | 10,475,123 |
| 1960 | 680,331 | 10,174,127 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/mauritius/peru | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Mauritius increased by 29,751 people (a 2.41% growth), while Peru gained 2,542,003 people (a 8.97% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Mauritius lost 23,026 people (a 1.82% decline), while Peru's population increased by 4,238,837 people (a 13.7% growth).
Mauritius was ranked 151st most populous country in 2006 and is 157th in 2026. Peru was ranked 40th in 2006 and ranked 48th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Mauritius' population will shrink by 12.2% to 1,089,300 people with a rank change from 157th to 160th. The population of Peru will increase by 16% to 40,722,627 people and rank change from 48th to 51st.
Peru is projected to reach its peak in 2067 at 41.9M people, while Mauritius' population already peaked in 2021 at 1.27M people and is projected to decrease to 574K people by 2100.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Mauritius
|
Peru
|
|
| 2100 | -1.42% | -0.43% |
| 2099 | -1.43% | -0.42% |
| 2098 | -1.45% | -0.42% |
| 2097 | -1.46% | -0.41% |
| 2096 | -1.47% | -0.4% |
| 2095 | -1.48% | -0.39% |
| 2094 | -1.5% | -0.39% |
| 2093 | -1.5% | -0.38% |
| 2092 | -1.51% | -0.37% |
| 2091 | -1.51% | -0.36% |
| 2090 | -1.51% | -0.35% |
| 2089 | -1.51% | -0.35% |
| 2088 | -1.5% | -0.33% |
| 2087 | -1.5% | -0.32% |
| 2086 | -1.5% | -0.31% |
| 2085 | -1.48% | -0.3% |
| 2084 | -1.47% | -0.28% |
| 2083 | -1.46% | -0.27% |
| 2082 | -1.44% | -0.26% |
| 2081 | -1.42% | -0.24% |
| 2080 | -1.41% | -0.23% |
| 2079 | -1.39% | -0.21% |
| 2078 | -1.38% | -0.2% |
| 2077 | -1.35% | -0.18% |
| 2076 | -1.33% | -0.16% |
| 2075 | -1.31% | -0.15% |
| 2074 | -1.29% | -0.13% |
| 2073 | -1.27% | -0.11% |
| 2072 | -1.24% | -0.09% |
| 2071 | -1.23% | -0.07% |
| 2070 | -1.21% | -0.05% |
| 2069 | -1.18% | -0.03% |
| 2068 | -1.17% | -0.01% |
| 2067 | -1.15% | 0.006% |
| 2066 | -1.14% | 0.03% |
| 2065 | -1.12% | 0.04% |
| 2064 | -1.1% | 0.07% |
| 2063 | -1.09% | 0.09% |
| 2062 | -1.07% | 0.11% |
| 2061 | -1.05% | 0.13% |
| 2060 | -1.04% | 0.15% |
| 2059 | -1.02% | 0.17% |
| 2058 | -1.01% | 0.19% |
| 2057 | -1% | 0.21% |
| 2056 | -0.97% | 0.23% |
| 2055 | -0.96% | 0.25% |
| 2054 | -0.95% | 0.28% |
| 2053 | -0.93% | 0.29% |
| 2052 | -0.91% | 0.32% |
| 2051 | -0.89% | 0.34% |
| 2050 | -0.87% | 0.36% |
| 2049 | -0.85% | 0.38% |
| 2048 | -0.83% | 0.4% |
| 2047 | -0.8% | 0.43% |
| 2046 | -0.77% | 0.45% |
| 2045 | -0.73% | 0.48% |
| 2044 | -0.71% | 0.5% |
| 2043 | -0.67% | 0.52% |
| 2042 | -0.64% | 0.55% |
| 2041 | -0.61% | 0.57% |
| 2040 | -0.57% | 0.59% |
| 2039 | -0.53% | 0.62% |
| 2038 | -0.5% | 0.64% |
| 2037 | -0.48% | 0.67% |
| 2036 | -0.45% | 0.7% |
| 2035 | -0.42% | 0.72% |
| 2034 | -0.39% | 0.75% |
| 2033 | -0.36% | 0.77% |
| 2032 | -0.34% | 0.8% |
| 2031 | -0.31% | 0.83% |
| 2030 | -0.31% | 0.86% |
| 2029 | -0.29% | 0.9% |
| 2028 | -0.28% | 0.93% |
| 2027 | -0.27% | 0.98% |
| 2026 | -0.24% | 1.02% |
| 2025 | -0.16% | 1.05% |
| 2024 | -0.23% | 1.1% |
| 2023 | -1.1% | 1.11% |
| 2022 | -0.3% | 0.96% |
| 2021 | 0.03% | 0.97% |
| 2020 | 0.002% | 1.2% |
| 2019 | 0.03% | 1.73% |
| 2018 | 0.05% | 1.83% |
| 2017 | 0.09% | 1.48% |
| 2016 | 0.07% | 1.34% |
| 2015 | 0.13% | 1.13% |
| 2014 | 0.18% | 1% |
| 2013 | 0.24% | 0.91% |
| 2012 | 0.28% | 0.84% |
| 2011 | 0.16% | 0.75% |
| 2010 | 0.24% | 0.65% |
| 2009 | 0.27% | 0.62% |
| 2008 | 0.36% | 0.66% |
| 2007 | 0.46% | 0.73% |
| 2006 | 0.47% | 0.79% |
| 2005 | 0.59% | 0.89% |
| 2004 | 0.63% | 0.99% |
| 2003 | 0.73% | 1.07% |
| 2002 | 0.7% | 1.2% |
| 2001 | 0.79% | 1.38% |
| 2000 | 0.99% | 1.57% |
| 1999 | 1.28% | 1.74% |
| 1998 | 1.06% | 1.84% |
| 1997 | 1.26% | 1.87% |
| 1996 | 1.03% | 1.9% |
| 1995 | 0.86% | 1.96% |
| 1994 | 1.41% | 2% |
| 1993 | 1.19% | 2.04% |
| 1992 | 1.32% | 2.06% |
| 1991 | 1.09% | 2.13% |
| 1990 | 0.71% | 2.24% |
| 1989 | 0.77% | 2.27% |
| 1988 | 0.69% | 2.3% |
| 1987 | 0.75% | 2.31% |
| 1986 | 0.77% | 2.39% |
| 1985 | 0.82% | 2.47% |
| 1984 | 1.05% | 2.51% |
| 1983 | 0.92% | 2.52% |
| 1982 | 1.23% | 2.52% |
| 1981 | 1.49% | 2.52% |
| 1980 | 1.7% | 2.53% |
| 1979 | 1.76% | 2.53% |
| 1978 | 1.32% | 2.52% |
| 1977 | 1.64% | 2.5% |
| 1976 | 1.63% | 2.5% |
| 1975 | 1.59% | 2.52% |
| 1974 | 1.53% | 2.56% |
| 1973 | 1.5% | 2.62% |
| 1972 | 1.53% | 2.69% |
| 1971 | 1.6% | 2.49% |
| 1970 | 1.67% | 2.54% |
| 1969 | 1.75% | 2.83% |
| 1968 | 1.85% | 2.85% |
| 1967 | 1.96% | 2.87% |
| 1966 | 2.1% | 2.89% |
| 1965 | 2.26% | 2.91% |
| 1964 | 2.44% | 2.94% |
| 1963 | 2.64% | 2.94% |
| 1962 | 2.88% | 2.95% |
| 1961 | 0.06% | 2.96% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1961–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/mauritius/peru | CC BY
In 2025, the population of Mauritius declined by 0.16%, while Peru's population grew by 1.05%.
Live population counters
|
Mauritius
|
Peru
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
1240721
|
35105331
|
| Population rank | 157/197 | 48/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.01% | 0.42% |
| One net population change |
4.31 hours
|
1.47 minutes
|
| One birth every |
41 minutes
|
58.5 seconds
|
| One death every |
42.2 minutes
|
2.75 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | -6 | +983 |
| Annual growth/decline | -2,038 | +358,817 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | -0.16% | +1.05% |
| Population growth rate rank | 171/197 | 97/197 |
| One migration net change every |
3.16 hours
|
44.2 minutes
|
| Annual migration change | -2,784 | +11,931 |
| Net migration rank | 103/196 | 41/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 29,142 | 1,837,219 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 165/195 | 39/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 2.3% | 5.4% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 129/195 | 90/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Mauritius
|
Peru
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | -2,784 | - | 11,931 |
| 2024 | 374 | -2,787 | 347,517 | 18,406 |
| 2023 | 999 | -2,824 | 353,788 | 24,783 |
| 2022 | -757 | -2,824 | 327,859 | 33,982 |
| 2021 | -380 | -4,324 | 235,440 | 41,868 |
| 2020 | 2,406 | -5,895 | 301,950 | 55,375 |
| 2019 | 1,646 | -5,202 | 346,981 | 74,270 |
| 2018 | 2,152 | -5,084 | 343,123 | 339,067 |
| 2017 | 3,289 | -5,322 | 349,333 | 114,382 |
| 2016 | 2,906 | -4,483 | 355,859 | 96,740 |
| 2015 | 2,905 | -3,645 | 362,781 | 2,421 |
| 2014 | 3,657 | -3,691 | 368,708 | -50,383 |
| 2013 | 4,281 | -3,617 | 372,694 | -95,214 |
| 2012 | 5,023 | -3,663 | 376,501 | -118,863 |
| 2011 | 5,511 | -2,465 | 383,268 | -148,339 |
| 2010 | 5,877 | -2,624 | 382,510 | -181,302 |
| 2009 | 6,113 | -2,467 | 396,522 | -219,314 |
| 2008 | 7,465 | -2,589 | 413,640 | -235,307 |
| 2007 | 8,429 | -2,642 | 435,122 | -236,745 |
| 2006 | 8,515 | -2,757 | 445,884 | -231,851 |
| 2005 | 10,195 | -2,840 | 454,199 | -221,652 |
| 2004 | 10,745 | -3,001 | 459,617 | -194,171 |
| 2003 | 10,799 | -3,141 | 459,243 | -181,276 |
| 2002 | 11,685 | -3,150 | 463,709 | -157,158 |
| 2001 | 11,723 | -3,225 | 470,154 | -129,481 |
| 2000 | 12,224 | -2,326 | 484,222 | -92,353 |
| 1999 | 12,341 | -1,463 | 487,095 | -55,325 |
| 1998 | 11,489 | -1,292 | 489,436 | -24,388 |
| 1997 | 11,943 | -1,199 | 495,348 | -32,515 |
| 1996 | 13,041 | -1,092 | 501,855 | -38,749 |
| 1995 | 13,020 | -1,144 | 507,894 | -46,499 |
| 1994 | 14,355 | -1,112 | 512,735 | -39,299 |
| 1993 | 14,814 | -1,189 | 513,769 | -51,775 |
| 1992 | 15,833 | -1,254 | 514,618 | -41,702 |
| 1991 | 15,091 | -1,333 | 513,867 | -61,645 |
| 1990 | 15,564 | -1,938 | 515,233 | -29,437 |
| 1989 | 14,718 | -2,463 | 512,152 | -33,569 |
| 1988 | 14,084 | -1,399 | 508,429 | -31,238 |
| 1987 | 13,262 | -300 | 502,229 | -34,651 |
| 1986 | 12,340 | 852 | 496,712 | -33,891 |
| 1985 | 12,451 | 615 | 488,887 | -13,887 |
| 1984 | 13,665 | -258 | 477,968 | -6,007 |
| 1983 | 14,525 | -1,756 | 469,781 | -4,243 |
| 1982 | 15,880 | -2,226 | 461,107 | -7,748 |
| 1981 | 18,334 | -1,559 | 453,158 | -11,123 |
| 1980 | 19,321 | -1,739 | 445,100 | -11,446 |
| 1979 | 19,282 | -2,363 | 439,110 | -17,148 |
| 1978 | 18,670 | -3,129 | 432,127 | -19,939 |
| 1977 | 16,769 | -3,749 | 425,428 | -25,117 |
| 1976 | 16,407 | -3,807 | 420,284 | -34,602 |
| 1975 | 15,342 | -3,869 | 414,400 | -34,382 |
| 1974 | 17,561 | -4,908 | 408,299 | -33,493 |
| 1973 | 13,145 | -2,144 | 400,752 | -28,191 |
| 1972 | 14,825 | -2,408 | 396,960 | -24,100 |
| 1971 | 15,441 | -960 | 391,506 | -20,209 |
| 1970 | 16,190 | -1,281 | 318,022 | -15,653 |
| 1969 | 15,761 | -674 | 379,347 | -12,776 |
| 1968 | 17,884 | -2,445 | 372,379 | -13,389 |
| 1967 | 17,560 | -1,257 | 365,224 | -13,837 |
| 1966 | 20,758 | -4,123 | 356,819 | -13,166 |
| 1965 | 20,482 | -3,597 | 349,245 | -12,470 |
| 1964 | 22,239 | -4,850 | 341,570 | -12,129 |
| 1963 | 22,069 | -5,236 | 332,352 | -10,040 |
| 1962 | 20,660 | -6,107 | 321,716 | -9,051 |
| 1961 | 20,355 | -8,984 | 313,385 | -7,063 |
| 1960 | 19,931 | -7,083 | 302,924 | -7,236 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/mauritius/peru | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 26.8% of the population change in Mauritius is from natural causes (a gain of 15,540 people) and 73.2% is from migration (a loss of 42,390 people). In Peru 80.6% is from natural causes (a gain of 3,324,631 people) and 19.4% is from migration (a gain of 801,294 people).
As of 2024, 29,142 residents or 2.3% of the population were not native-born in Mauritius, compared to 1,837,219 people or 5.4% in Peru.
Biggest cities by population
|
Mauritius
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Port Louis | 149K |
| Quatre Bornes | 81.8K |
| Curepipe | 77.5K |
| Triolet | 23.4K |
| Goodlands | 20.7K |
| Centre de Flacq | 15.8K |
| Mahebourg | 15.8K |
| Bambous | 15.3K |
|
Peru
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Lima | 9.94M |
| Arequipa | 1.01M |
| Trujillo | 920K |
| Chiclayo | 553K |
| Callao | 537K |
| Piura | 473K |
| Cusco | 428K |
| Chimbote | 395K |
| Huancayo | 378K |
| Iquitos | 378K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between Mauritius and Peru
|
Mauritius
|
Peru
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 75.4 years | 78.3 years |
| Average age | 39.6 years | 33.5 years |
| Median age | 38.9 years | 31.2 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 49.9:50.1 | 49.7:50.3 |
| Fertility rate | 1.44 births per woman | 1.97 births per woman |
| Population density | 1,609 ppl/mi² | 70.7 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/mauritius/peru | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.