The latest officially reported population of Iraq was 46,042,015 in 2024 vs 1,245,779 people in Mauritius in 2024. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Iraq's population is 48,289,334 people compared to 1,240,121 in Mauritius.
Population statistics:
- Iraq's population is 38.9 times bigger than Mauritius'.
- Iraq is ranked the 33rd most populous country in the world, while Mauritius is the 157th.
- The countries together account for 0.6% of the world: 0.58% for Iraq vs 0.01% for Mauritius.
- For the last 10 years, Iraq has had an average growth rate of +2.45% per year vs -0.09% in Mauritius.
- Since 2006, the population of Iraq has increased from 28.6M people to 48.3M (68.7% growth), while Mauritius has grown from 1.23M to 1.24M (0.5% growth).
Iraq vs Mauritius: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Iraq
|
Mauritius
|
|
| 2100 | 101,632,594 | 573,538 |
| 2099 | 101,421,266 | 581,815 |
| 2098 | 101,212,536 | 590,276 |
| 2097 | 100,980,835 | 598,961 |
| 2096 | 100,724,441 | 607,840 |
| 2095 | 100,464,590 | 616,931 |
| 2094 | 100,194,041 | 626,226 |
| 2093 | 99,876,174 | 635,745 |
| 2092 | 99,532,041 | 645,427 |
| 2091 | 99,203,830 | 655,300 |
| 2090 | 98,886,956 | 665,341 |
| 2089 | 98,513,025 | 675,562 |
| 2088 | 98,144,039 | 685,908 |
| 2087 | 97,767,537 | 696,380 |
| 2086 | 97,325,026 | 707,018 |
| 2085 | 96,873,007 | 717,757 |
| 2084 | 96,448,602 | 728,558 |
| 2083 | 95,991,166 | 739,420 |
| 2082 | 95,509,663 | 750,402 |
| 2081 | 95,009,326 | 761,382 |
| 2080 | 94,507,216 | 772,374 |
| 2079 | 93,960,228 | 783,407 |
| 2078 | 93,417,384 | 794,452 |
| 2077 | 92,903,983 | 805,529 |
| 2076 | 92,359,592 | 816,547 |
| 2075 | 91,825,254 | 827,526 |
| 2074 | 91,229,266 | 838,506 |
| 2073 | 90,571,021 | 849,462 |
| 2072 | 89,918,374 | 860,405 |
| 2071 | 89,265,548 | 871,223 |
| 2070 | 88,596,492 | 882,091 |
| 2069 | 87,909,474 | 892,850 |
| 2068 | 87,220,494 | 903,547 |
| 2067 | 86,513,996 | 914,226 |
| 2066 | 85,734,530 | 924,869 |
| 2065 | 84,971,898 | 935,546 |
| 2064 | 84,191,350 | 946,145 |
| 2063 | 83,387,951 | 956,652 |
| 2062 | 82,604,577 | 967,159 |
| 2061 | 81,800,637 | 977,603 |
| 2060 | 80,951,008 | 988,022 |
| 2059 | 80,141,868 | 998,355 |
| 2058 | 79,319,543 | 1,008,603 |
| 2057 | 78,477,339 | 1,018,853 |
| 2056 | 77,609,202 | 1,029,103 |
| 2055 | 76,739,924 | 1,039,228 |
| 2054 | 75,857,125 | 1,049,313 |
| 2053 | 74,952,948 | 1,059,364 |
| 2052 | 74,072,580 | 1,069,276 |
| 2051 | 73,150,234 | 1,079,090 |
| 2050 | 72,235,938 | 1,088,773 |
| 2049 | 71,272,122 | 1,098,370 |
| 2048 | 70,316,860 | 1,107,805 |
| 2047 | 69,347,823 | 1,117,049 |
| 2046 | 68,400,664 | 1,126,022 |
| 2045 | 67,435,953 | 1,134,772 |
| 2044 | 66,447,309 | 1,143,155 |
| 2043 | 65,453,565 | 1,151,325 |
| 2042 | 64,433,831 | 1,159,078 |
| 2041 | 63,408,709 | 1,166,543 |
| 2040 | 62,360,117 | 1,173,673 |
| 2039 | 61,289,355 | 1,180,437 |
| 2038 | 60,253,073 | 1,186,773 |
| 2037 | 59,221,658 | 1,192,770 |
| 2036 | 58,155,990 | 1,198,476 |
| 2035 | 57,127,999 | 1,203,871 |
| 2034 | 56,087,695 | 1,208,936 |
| 2033 | 55,051,140 | 1,213,705 |
| 2032 | 54,002,289 | 1,218,138 |
| 2031 | 52,991,443 | 1,222,267 |
| 2030 | 51,986,773 | 1,226,049 |
| 2029 | 50,982,563 | 1,229,806 |
| 2028 | 50,001,133 | 1,233,411 |
| 2027 | 49,014,822 | 1,236,833 |
| 2026 | 48,020,334 | 1,240,121 |
| 2025 | 47,020,527 | 1,243,139 |
| 2024 | 46,042,015 | 1,245,779 |
| 2023 | 45,074,049 | 1,248,647 |
| 2022 | 44,070,551 | 1,262,523 |
| 2021 | 43,071,211 | 1,266,334 |
| 2020 | 42,116,605 | 1,266,014 |
| 2019 | 41,192,171 | 1,265,985 |
| 2018 | 40,265,624 | 1,265,577 |
| 2017 | 39,337,353 | 1,264,887 |
| 2016 | 38,469,627 | 1,263,747 |
| 2015 | 37,560,535 | 1,262,879 |
| 2014 | 36,550,059 | 1,261,208 |
| 2013 | 35,281,989 | 1,258,927 |
| 2012 | 33,654,842 | 1,255,882 |
| 2011 | 32,161,424 | 1,252,404 |
| 2010 | 31,045,366 | 1,250,400 |
| 2009 | 30,058,206 | 1,247,429 |
| 2008 | 28,971,036 | 1,244,121 |
| 2007 | 28,391,607 | 1,239,630 |
| 2006 | 28,616,515 | 1,233,996 |
| 2005 | 28,407,448 | 1,228,254 |
| 2004 | 27,577,878 | 1,221,003 |
| 2003 | 26,802,659 | 1,213,370 |
| 2002 | 26,006,559 | 1,204,621 |
| 2001 | 25,197,840 | 1,196,287 |
| 2000 | 24,424,056 | 1,186,873 |
| 1999 | 23,636,527 | 1,175,267 |
| 1998 | 22,884,399 | 1,160,421 |
| 1997 | 22,176,593 | 1,148,284 |
| 1996 | 21,501,321 | 1,133,996 |
| 1995 | 20,825,860 | 1,122,457 |
| 1994 | 20,139,807 | 1,112,846 |
| 1993 | 19,201,195 | 1,097,374 |
| 1992 | 18,300,845 | 1,084,441 |
| 1991 | 17,767,253 | 1,070,266 |
| 1990 | 17,581,206 | 1,058,775 |
| 1989 | 17,364,542 | 1,051,260 |
| 1988 | 16,908,819 | 1,043,239 |
| 1987 | 16,521,049 | 1,036,082 |
| 1986 | 16,074,145 | 1,028,360 |
| 1985 | 15,683,430 | 1,020,528 |
| 1984 | 15,310,733 | 1,012,221 |
| 1983 | 14,840,555 | 1,001,691 |
| 1982 | 14,406,083 | 992,521 |
| 1981 | 14,006,381 | 980,462 |
| 1980 | 13,591,992 | 966,039 |
| 1979 | 13,170,365 | 949,888 |
| 1978 | 12,753,355 | 933,499 |
| 1977 | 12,331,046 | 921,379 |
| 1976 | 11,927,651 | 906,507 |
| 1975 | 11,543,639 | 892,000 |
| 1974 | 11,167,761 | 878,042 |
| 1973 | 10,795,869 | 864,819 |
| 1972 | 10,430,164 | 852,053 |
| 1971 | 10,077,809 | 839,230 |
| 1970 | 9,735,611 | 826,000 |
| 1969 | 9,403,356 | 812,405 |
| 1968 | 9,085,016 | 798,413 |
| 1967 | 8,778,869 | 783,917 |
| 1966 | 8,485,104 | 768,813 |
| 1965 | 8,202,140 | 753,000 |
| 1964 | 7,929,566 | 736,381 |
| 1963 | 7,667,928 | 718,861 |
| 1962 | 7,413,875 | 700,349 |
| 1961 | 7,194,553 | 680,757 |
| 1960 | 7,022,052 | 680,331 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/iraq/mauritius | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Iraq increased by 9,853,112 people (a 34.4% growth), while Mauritius gained 29,751 people (a 2.41% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Iraq gained 9,819,707 people (a 25.5% growth), while Mauritius' population decreased by 23,626 people (a 1.87% decline).
Iraq was ranked 39th most populous country in 2006 and is 33rd in 2026. Mauritius was ranked 151st in 2006 and ranked 157th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Iraq's population will grow by 49.6% to 72,235,938 people with a rank change from 33rd to 28th. The population of Mauritius will decrease by 12.2% to 1,088,773 people and rank change from 157th to 160th.
Iraq is projected to reach its peak in 2100 at 102M people, while Mauritius' population already peaked in 2021 at 1.27M people and is projected to decrease to 574K people by 2100.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Iraq
|
Mauritius
|
|
| 2100 | 0.21% | -1.42% |
| 2099 | 0.21% | -1.43% |
| 2098 | 0.23% | -1.45% |
| 2097 | 0.25% | -1.46% |
| 2096 | 0.26% | -1.47% |
| 2095 | 0.27% | -1.48% |
| 2094 | 0.32% | -1.5% |
| 2093 | 0.35% | -1.5% |
| 2092 | 0.33% | -1.51% |
| 2091 | 0.32% | -1.51% |
| 2090 | 0.38% | -1.51% |
| 2089 | 0.38% | -1.51% |
| 2088 | 0.39% | -1.5% |
| 2087 | 0.45% | -1.5% |
| 2086 | 0.47% | -1.5% |
| 2085 | 0.44% | -1.48% |
| 2084 | 0.48% | -1.47% |
| 2083 | 0.5% | -1.46% |
| 2082 | 0.53% | -1.44% |
| 2081 | 0.53% | -1.42% |
| 2080 | 0.58% | -1.41% |
| 2079 | 0.58% | -1.39% |
| 2078 | 0.55% | -1.38% |
| 2077 | 0.59% | -1.35% |
| 2076 | 0.58% | -1.33% |
| 2075 | 0.65% | -1.31% |
| 2074 | 0.73% | -1.29% |
| 2073 | 0.73% | -1.27% |
| 2072 | 0.73% | -1.24% |
| 2071 | 0.76% | -1.23% |
| 2070 | 0.78% | -1.21% |
| 2069 | 0.79% | -1.18% |
| 2068 | 0.82% | -1.17% |
| 2067 | 0.91% | -1.15% |
| 2066 | 0.9% | -1.14% |
| 2065 | 0.93% | -1.12% |
| 2064 | 0.96% | -1.1% |
| 2063 | 0.95% | -1.09% |
| 2062 | 0.98% | -1.07% |
| 2061 | 1.05% | -1.05% |
| 2060 | 1.01% | -1.04% |
| 2059 | 1.04% | -1.02% |
| 2058 | 1.07% | -1.01% |
| 2057 | 1.12% | -1% |
| 2056 | 1.13% | -0.97% |
| 2055 | 1.16% | -0.96% |
| 2054 | 1.21% | -0.95% |
| 2053 | 1.19% | -0.93% |
| 2052 | 1.26% | -0.91% |
| 2051 | 1.27% | -0.89% |
| 2050 | 1.35% | -0.87% |
| 2049 | 1.36% | -0.85% |
| 2048 | 1.4% | -0.83% |
| 2047 | 1.38% | -0.8% |
| 2046 | 1.43% | -0.77% |
| 2045 | 1.49% | -0.73% |
| 2044 | 1.52% | -0.71% |
| 2043 | 1.58% | -0.67% |
| 2042 | 1.62% | -0.64% |
| 2041 | 1.68% | -0.61% |
| 2040 | 1.75% | -0.57% |
| 2039 | 1.72% | -0.53% |
| 2038 | 1.74% | -0.5% |
| 2037 | 1.83% | -0.48% |
| 2036 | 1.8% | -0.45% |
| 2035 | 1.85% | -0.42% |
| 2034 | 1.88% | -0.39% |
| 2033 | 1.94% | -0.36% |
| 2032 | 1.91% | -0.34% |
| 2031 | 1.93% | -0.31% |
| 2030 | 1.97% | -0.31% |
| 2029 | 1.96% | -0.29% |
| 2028 | 2.01% | -0.28% |
| 2027 | 2.07% | -0.27% |
| 2026 | 2.13% | -0.24% |
| 2025 | 2.13% | -0.21% |
| 2024 | 2.15% | -0.23% |
| 2023 | 2.28% | -1.1% |
| 2022 | 2.32% | -0.3% |
| 2021 | 2.27% | 0.03% |
| 2020 | 2.24% | 0.002% |
| 2019 | 2.3% | 0.03% |
| 2018 | 2.36% | 0.05% |
| 2017 | 2.26% | 0.09% |
| 2016 | 2.42% | 0.07% |
| 2015 | 2.76% | 0.13% |
| 2014 | 3.59% | 0.18% |
| 2013 | 4.83% | 0.24% |
| 2012 | 4.64% | 0.28% |
| 2011 | 3.59% | 0.16% |
| 2010 | 3.28% | 0.24% |
| 2009 | 3.75% | 0.27% |
| 2008 | 2.04% | 0.36% |
| 2007 | -0.79% | 0.46% |
| 2006 | 0.74% | 0.47% |
| 2005 | 3.01% | 0.59% |
| 2004 | 2.89% | 0.63% |
| 2003 | 3.06% | 0.73% |
| 2002 | 3.21% | 0.7% |
| 2001 | 3.17% | 0.79% |
| 2000 | 3.33% | 0.99% |
| 1999 | 3.29% | 1.28% |
| 1998 | 3.19% | 1.06% |
| 1997 | 3.14% | 1.26% |
| 1996 | 3.24% | 1.03% |
| 1995 | 3.41% | 0.86% |
| 1994 | 4.89% | 1.41% |
| 1993 | 4.92% | 1.19% |
| 1992 | 3% | 1.32% |
| 1991 | 1.06% | 1.09% |
| 1990 | 1.25% | 0.71% |
| 1989 | 2.7% | 0.77% |
| 1988 | 2.35% | 0.69% |
| 1987 | 2.78% | 0.75% |
| 1986 | 2.49% | 0.77% |
| 1985 | 2.43% | 0.82% |
| 1984 | 3.17% | 1.05% |
| 1983 | 3.02% | 0.92% |
| 1982 | 2.85% | 1.23% |
| 1981 | 3.05% | 1.49% |
| 1980 | 3.2% | 1.7% |
| 1979 | 3.27% | 1.76% |
| 1978 | 3.42% | 1.32% |
| 1977 | 3.38% | 1.64% |
| 1976 | 3.33% | 1.63% |
| 1975 | 3.37% | 1.59% |
| 1974 | 3.44% | 1.53% |
| 1973 | 3.51% | 1.5% |
| 1972 | 3.5% | 1.53% |
| 1971 | 3.51% | 1.6% |
| 1970 | 3.53% | 1.67% |
| 1969 | 3.5% | 1.75% |
| 1968 | 3.49% | 1.85% |
| 1967 | 3.46% | 1.96% |
| 1966 | 3.45% | 2.1% |
| 1965 | 3.44% | 2.26% |
| 1964 | 3.41% | 2.44% |
| 1963 | 3.43% | 2.64% |
| 1962 | 3.05% | 2.88% |
| 1961 | 2.46% | 0.06% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1961–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/iraq/mauritius | CC BY
In 2024, the population of Iraq grew by 2.15%, while Mauritius' population declined by 0.23%.
Live population counters
|
Iraq
|
Mauritius
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
48289334
|
1240121
|
| Population rank | 33/197 | 157/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.58% | 0.01% |
| One net population change |
32.6 seconds
|
3.05 hours
|
| One birth every |
27.2 seconds
|
41.3 minutes
|
| One death every |
2.82 minutes
|
44.8 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | +2,652 | -8 |
| Annual growth/decline | +967,966 | -2,868 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +2.15% | -0.23% |
| Population growth rate rank | 46/197 | 178/197 |
| One migration net change every |
8.26 hours
|
3.16 hours
|
| Annual migration change | -1,064 | -2,784 |
| Net migration rank | 93/196 | 103/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 370,980 | 29,142 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 92/195 | 165/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 0.8% | 2.3% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 160/195 | 129/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Iraq
|
Mauritius
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | -1,064 | - | -2,784 |
| 2024 | - | -17,735 | - | -2,787 |
| 2023 | 973,420 | -5,710 | 999 | -2,824 |
| 2022 | 962,501 | 76,821 | -757 | -2,824 |
| 2021 | 941,924 | 17,474 | -253 | -4,324 |
| 2020 | 919,953 | 29,858 | 2,405 | -5,895 |
| 2019 | 942,972 | -43,919 | 1,773 | -5,202 |
| 2018 | 938,310 | 15,775 | 2,151 | -5,084 |
| 2017 | 924,507 | -21,998 | 3,415 | -5,322 |
| 2016 | 946,968 | -113,980 | 2,906 | -4,483 |
| 2015 | 1,007,561 | -22,338 | 3,031 | -3,645 |
| 2014 | 1,040,726 | -5,033 | 3,657 | -3,691 |
| 2013 | 1,026,036 | 474,379 | 4,281 | -3,617 |
| 2012 | 999,987 | 753,907 | 5,149 | -3,663 |
| 2011 | 971,082 | 261,880 | 5,511 | -2,465 |
| 2010 | 906,369 | 92,779 | 5,877 | -2,624 |
| 2009 | 855,096 | 120,092 | 6,113 | -2,467 |
| 2008 | 802,382 | 396,792 | 7,465 | -2,589 |
| 2007 | 784,119 | -824,428 | 8,429 | -2,642 |
| 2006 | 797,342 | -1,206,850 | 8,515 | -2,757 |
| 2005 | 776,603 | 51,019 | 10,195 | -2,840 |
| 2004 | 761,563 | 69,948 | 10,745 | -3,001 |
| 2003 | 746,159 | -27,236 | 10,799 | -3,141 |
| 2002 | 739,419 | 133,839 | 11,685 | -3,150 |
| 2001 | 729,704 | 14,451 | 11,723 | -3,225 |
| 2000 | 715,771 | 87,624 | 12,224 | -2,326 |
| 1999 | 702,170 | 69,491 | 12,341 | -1,463 |
| 1998 | 684,152 | 48,446 | 11,489 | -1,292 |
| 1997 | 667,582 | 15,429 | 11,943 | -1,199 |
| 1996 | 652,866 | 14,652 | 13,041 | -1,092 |
| 1995 | 642,977 | 40,424 | 13,020 | -1,144 |
| 1994 | 634,344 | 54,355 | 14,355 | -1,112 |
| 1993 | 606,700 | 581,818 | 14,814 | -1,189 |
| 1992 | 591,886 | 20,292 | 15,833 | -1,254 |
| 1991 | 550,146 | -95,155 | 15,091 | -1,333 |
| 1990 | 518,575 | -601,469 | 15,564 | -1,938 |
| 1989 | 496,852 | 19,392 | 14,718 | -2,463 |
| 1988 | 476,778 | -81,562 | 14,084 | -1,399 |
| 1987 | 488,742 | -108,426 | 13,262 | -300 |
| 1986 | 474,348 | 39,136 | 12,340 | 852 |
| 1985 | 467,445 | -199,505 | 12,451 | 615 |
| 1984 | 455,740 | 21,709 | 13,665 | -258 |
| 1983 | 439,800 | 23,115 | 14,525 | -1,756 |
| 1982 | 428,336 | -22,302 | 15,880 | -2,226 |
| 1981 | 416,998 | -23,640 | 18,334 | -1,559 |
| 1980 | 419,653 | 15,757 | 19,321 | -1,739 |
| 1979 | 428,458 | -20,617 | 19,282 | -2,363 |
| 1978 | 418,756 | 7,434 | 18,670 | -3,129 |
| 1977 | 410,229 | 8,204 | 16,769 | -3,749 |
| 1976 | 402,260 | -13,915 | 16,407 | -3,807 |
| 1975 | 385,916 | -6,237 | 15,342 | -3,869 |
| 1974 | 376,197 | -4,090 | 17,561 | -4,908 |
| 1973 | 373,191 | -1,507 | 13,145 | -2,144 |
| 1972 | 362,334 | -2,600 | 14,825 | -2,408 |
| 1971 | 351,464 | -6,479 | 15,441 | -960 |
| 1970 | 338,030 | 1,377 | 16,190 | -1,281 |
| 1969 | 324,792 | 312 | 15,761 | -674 |
| 1968 | 310,644 | 928 | 17,884 | -2,445 |
| 1967 | 298,192 | 2,531 | 17,560 | -1,257 |
| 1966 | 285,507 | 1,298 | 20,758 | -4,123 |
| 1965 | 274,551 | 4,555 | 20,482 | -3,597 |
| 1964 | 262,825 | 3,224 | 22,239 | -4,850 |
| 1963 | 254,046 | 3,197 | 22,069 | -5,236 |
| 1962 | 247,520 | 3,343 | 20,660 | -6,107 |
| 1961 | 184,792 | 2,981 | 20,355 | -8,984 |
| 1960 | 155,651 | 1,573 | 19,931 | -7,083 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/iraq/mauritius | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 99.2% of the population change in Iraq is from natural causes (a gain of 9,598,842 people) and 0.76% is from migration (a loss of 73,050 people). In Mauritius 30.9% is from natural causes (a gain of 19,327 people) and 69.1% is from migration (a loss of 43,294 people).
As of 2024, 370,980 residents or 0.8% of the population were not native-born in Iraq, compared to 29,142 people or 2.3% in Mauritius.
Biggest cities by population
|
Iraq
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Baghdad | 8.13M |
| Mosul | 1.79M |
| Basra | 1.33M |
| Kirkuk | 975K |
| Sulaymaniyah | 878K |
| Ramadi | 875K |
| Erbil | 846K |
| Najaf | 725K |
| Karbala | 690K |
| Nasiriyah | 542K |
|
Mauritius
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Port Louis | 149K |
| Quatre Bornes | 81.8K |
| Curepipe | 77.5K |
| Triolet | 23.4K |
| Goodlands | 20.7K |
| Centre de Flacq | 15.8K |
| Mahebourg | 15.8K |
| Bambous | 15.3K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between Iraq and Mauritius
|
Iraq
|
Mauritius
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 72.6 years | 75.4 years |
| Average age | 25.5 years | 39.2 years |
| Median age | 21.6 years | 38.5 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 50.2:49.8 | 49.9:50.1 |
| Fertility rate | 3.25 births per woman | 1.39 births per woman |
| Population density | 286.5 ppl/mi² | 1,608 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20).
GeoRank.org/population/iraq/mauritius | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10)
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