The latest officially reported population of the Congo was 6,484,437 in 2025 vs 12,188,788 people in South Sudan in 2025. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Congo's population is 6,718,789 people compared to 12,565,048 in South Sudan.
Population statistics:
- South Sudan's population is 1.87 times bigger than the Congo's.
- The Congo is ranked the 109th most populous country in the world, while South Sudan is the 80th.
- The countries together account for 0.23% of the world: 0.08% for the Congo vs 0.15% for South Sudan.
- For the last 10 years, the Congo has had an average growth rate of +2.44% per year vs +0.78% in South Sudan.
- Since 2006, the population of the Congo has increased from 3.84M people to 6.72M (75.1% growth), while South Sudan has grown from 7.98M to 12.6M (57.5% growth).
Congo vs South Sudan: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Congo
|
South Sudan
|
|
| 2100 | 20,194,267 | 24,078,379 |
| 2099 | 20,053,234 | 24,072,957 |
| 2098 | 19,906,909 | 24,054,947 |
| 2097 | 19,760,110 | 24,056,753 |
| 2096 | 19,610,521 | 24,045,972 |
| 2095 | 19,459,493 | 24,037,837 |
| 2094 | 19,306,835 | 24,039,267 |
| 2093 | 19,151,289 | 24,030,512 |
| 2092 | 18,990,577 | 24,010,555 |
| 2091 | 18,828,222 | 23,991,816 |
| 2090 | 18,663,146 | 23,970,012 |
| 2089 | 18,497,842 | 23,929,017 |
| 2088 | 18,325,571 | 23,883,712 |
| 2087 | 18,153,731 | 23,848,809 |
| 2086 | 17,979,773 | 23,794,890 |
| 2085 | 17,807,843 | 23,750,772 |
| 2084 | 17,631,386 | 23,678,728 |
| 2083 | 17,453,221 | 23,609,290 |
| 2082 | 17,270,773 | 23,532,790 |
| 2081 | 17,093,270 | 23,458,146 |
| 2080 | 16,910,570 | 23,383,482 |
| 2079 | 16,728,955 | 23,286,011 |
| 2078 | 16,542,829 | 23,188,860 |
| 2077 | 16,357,926 | 23,078,416 |
| 2076 | 16,173,005 | 22,979,198 |
| 2075 | 15,981,904 | 22,860,496 |
| 2074 | 15,791,626 | 22,718,148 |
| 2073 | 15,597,321 | 22,575,682 |
| 2072 | 15,402,110 | 22,431,004 |
| 2071 | 15,205,567 | 22,280,140 |
| 2070 | 15,009,147 | 22,143,813 |
| 2069 | 14,808,250 | 21,995,874 |
| 2068 | 14,609,790 | 21,822,076 |
| 2067 | 14,412,802 | 21,654,546 |
| 2066 | 14,211,022 | 21,489,275 |
| 2065 | 14,010,661 | 21,309,913 |
| 2064 | 13,810,933 | 21,134,522 |
| 2063 | 13,609,626 | 20,957,705 |
| 2062 | 13,405,080 | 20,777,701 |
| 2061 | 13,204,362 | 20,601,672 |
| 2060 | 13,004,957 | 20,423,629 |
| 2059 | 12,806,162 | 20,227,862 |
| 2058 | 12,609,233 | 20,041,880 |
| 2057 | 12,413,395 | 19,846,671 |
| 2056 | 12,217,406 | 19,652,407 |
| 2055 | 12,022,740 | 19,457,411 |
| 2054 | 11,824,813 | 19,250,667 |
| 2053 | 11,627,983 | 19,053,773 |
| 2052 | 11,431,875 | 18,833,795 |
| 2051 | 11,235,188 | 18,626,605 |
| 2050 | 11,039,311 | 18,427,690 |
| 2049 | 10,844,973 | 18,224,430 |
| 2048 | 10,650,230 | 18,014,650 |
| 2047 | 10,453,401 | 17,799,982 |
| 2046 | 10,258,550 | 17,572,953 |
| 2045 | 10,063,886 | 17,348,901 |
| 2044 | 9,871,213 | 17,115,914 |
| 2043 | 9,676,000 | 16,882,303 |
| 2042 | 9,482,485 | 16,639,465 |
| 2041 | 9,287,235 | 16,390,966 |
| 2040 | 9,096,577 | 16,137,104 |
| 2039 | 8,907,177 | 15,884,330 |
| 2038 | 8,719,250 | 15,622,514 |
| 2037 | 8,532,935 | 15,358,539 |
| 2036 | 8,348,719 | 15,085,936 |
| 2035 | 8,166,676 | 14,810,066 |
| 2034 | 7,985,679 | 14,538,365 |
| 2033 | 7,805,748 | 14,273,128 |
| 2032 | 7,628,440 | 14,002,178 |
| 2031 | 7,453,476 | 13,725,779 |
| 2030 | 7,284,111 | 13,460,850 |
| 2029 | 7,117,929 | 13,201,804 |
| 2028 | 6,955,268 | 12,942,501 |
| 2027 | 6,794,778 | 12,688,278 |
| 2026 | 6,638,532 | 12,434,895 |
| 2025 | 6,484,437 | 12,188,788 |
| 2024 | 6,332,961 | 11,943,408 |
| 2023 | 6,182,885 | 11,483,374 |
| 2022 | 6,035,104 | 11,021,177 |
| 2021 | 5,892,183 | 10,865,780 |
| 2020 | 5,752,791 | 10,698,467 |
| 2019 | 5,616,661 | 10,423,384 |
| 2018 | 5,483,118 | 10,122,977 |
| 2017 | 5,351,011 | 10,259,154 |
| 2016 | 5,222,536 | 10,830,102 |
| 2015 | 5,097,581 | 11,107,561 |
| 2014 | 4,975,880 | 11,235,073 |
| 2013 | 4,857,099 | 11,166,275 |
| 2012 | 4,740,450 | 10,756,240 |
| 2011 | 4,609,724 | 10,288,109 |
| 2010 | 4,462,290 | 9,745,953 |
| 2009 | 4,281,219 | 9,243,556 |
| 2008 | 4,113,517 | 8,817,647 |
| 2007 | 3,980,430 | 8,388,788 |
| 2006 | 3,837,409 | 7,976,526 |
| 2005 | 3,696,393 | 7,590,143 |
| 2004 | 3,565,554 | 7,233,041 |
| 2003 | 3,445,753 | 6,903,127 |
| 2002 | 3,350,771 | 6,596,806 |
| 2001 | 3,272,537 | 6,308,391 |
| 2000 | 3,151,345 | 6,032,267 |
| 1999 | 3,032,874 | 5,771,628 |
| 1998 | 2,952,061 | 5,620,068 |
| 1997 | 2,887,862 | 5,509,136 |
| 1996 | 2,826,785 | 5,356,925 |
| 1995 | 2,749,461 | 5,225,836 |
| 1994 | 2,673,144 | 5,071,184 |
| 1993 | 2,595,124 | 4,956,002 |
| 1992 | 2,519,465 | 4,909,749 |
| 1991 | 2,449,229 | 4,836,677 |
| 1990 | 2,380,560 | 4,737,633 |
| 1989 | 2,313,558 | 4,713,229 |
| 1988 | 2,247,653 | 4,848,029 |
| 1987 | 2,183,473 | 4,962,395 |
| 1986 | 2,120,602 | 4,921,240 |
| 1985 | 2,059,311 | 4,834,296 |
| 1984 | 1,999,528 | 4,750,627 |
| 1983 | 1,950,321 | 4,661,574 |
| 1982 | 1,910,430 | 4,557,686 |
| 1981 | 1,869,759 | 4,447,272 |
| 1980 | 1,828,985 | 4,339,030 |
| 1979 | 1,788,524 | 4,232,605 |
| 1978 | 1,748,089 | 4,127,657 |
| 1977 | 1,707,568 | 4,024,032 |
| 1976 | 1,667,225 | 3,921,910 |
| 1975 | 1,627,032 | 3,821,494 |
| 1974 | 1,582,301 | 3,723,259 |
| 1973 | 1,533,680 | 3,627,383 |
| 1972 | 1,486,468 | 3,542,497 |
| 1971 | 1,441,039 | 3,468,646 |
| 1970 | 1,397,638 | 3,409,614 |
| 1969 | 1,356,182 | 3,365,533 |
| 1968 | 1,316,519 | 3,321,528 |
| 1967 | 1,278,691 | 3,277,648 |
| 1966 | 1,242,534 | 3,236,423 |
| 1965 | 1,207,880 | 3,189,835 |
| 1964 | 1,174,816 | 3,129,918 |
| 1963 | 1,143,263 | 3,072,669 |
| 1962 | 1,113,175 | 3,024,308 |
| 1961 | 1,084,389 | 2,976,724 |
| 1960 | 1,056,732 | 2,931,559 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/congo/south-sudan | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of the Congo increased by 1,385,127 people (a 36.1% growth), while South Sudan gained 2,853,576 people (a 35.8% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, the Congo gained 1,496,253 people (a 28.6% growth), while South Sudan's population increased by 1,734,946 people (a 16% growth).
The Congo was ranked 125th most populous country in 2006 and is 109th in 2026. South Sudan was ranked 92nd in 2006 and ranked 80th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) the Congo's population will grow by 64.3% to 11,039,311 people with a rank change from 109th to 95th. The population of South Sudan will increase by 46.7% to 18,427,690 people and rank change from 80th to 78th.
The Congo is projected to reach its peak in 2100 at 20.2M people compared to the peak of 24.1M people in 2100 for South Sudan.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Congo
|
South Sudan
|
|
| 2100 | 0.7% | 0.02% |
| 2099 | 0.74% | 0.07% |
| 2098 | 0.74% | -0.008% |
| 2097 | 0.76% | 0.04% |
| 2096 | 0.78% | 0.03% |
| 2095 | 0.79% | -0.006% |
| 2094 | 0.81% | 0.04% |
| 2093 | 0.85% | 0.08% |
| 2092 | 0.86% | 0.08% |
| 2091 | 0.88% | 0.09% |
| 2090 | 0.89% | 0.17% |
| 2089 | 0.94% | 0.19% |
| 2088 | 0.95% | 0.15% |
| 2087 | 0.97% | 0.23% |
| 2086 | 0.97% | 0.19% |
| 2085 | 1% | 0.3% |
| 2084 | 1.02% | 0.29% |
| 2083 | 1.06% | 0.33% |
| 2082 | 1.04% | 0.32% |
| 2081 | 1.08% | 0.32% |
| 2080 | 1.09% | 0.42% |
| 2079 | 1.13% | 0.42% |
| 2078 | 1.13% | 0.48% |
| 2077 | 1.14% | 0.43% |
| 2076 | 1.2% | 0.52% |
| 2075 | 1.2% | 0.63% |
| 2074 | 1.25% | 0.63% |
| 2073 | 1.27% | 0.64% |
| 2072 | 1.29% | 0.68% |
| 2071 | 1.31% | 0.62% |
| 2070 | 1.36% | 0.67% |
| 2069 | 1.36% | 0.8% |
| 2068 | 1.37% | 0.77% |
| 2067 | 1.42% | 0.77% |
| 2066 | 1.43% | 0.84% |
| 2065 | 1.45% | 0.83% |
| 2064 | 1.48% | 0.84% |
| 2063 | 1.53% | 0.87% |
| 2062 | 1.52% | 0.85% |
| 2061 | 1.53% | 0.87% |
| 2060 | 1.55% | 0.97% |
| 2059 | 1.56% | 0.93% |
| 2058 | 1.58% | 0.98% |
| 2057 | 1.6% | 0.99% |
| 2056 | 1.62% | 1% |
| 2055 | 1.67% | 1.07% |
| 2054 | 1.69% | 1.03% |
| 2053 | 1.72% | 1.17% |
| 2052 | 1.75% | 1.11% |
| 2051 | 1.77% | 1.08% |
| 2050 | 1.79% | 1.12% |
| 2049 | 1.83% | 1.16% |
| 2048 | 1.88% | 1.21% |
| 2047 | 1.9% | 1.29% |
| 2046 | 1.93% | 1.29% |
| 2045 | 1.95% | 1.36% |
| 2044 | 2.02% | 1.38% |
| 2043 | 2.04% | 1.46% |
| 2042 | 2.1% | 1.52% |
| 2041 | 2.1% | 1.57% |
| 2040 | 2.13% | 1.59% |
| 2039 | 2.16% | 1.68% |
| 2038 | 2.18% | 1.72% |
| 2037 | 2.21% | 1.81% |
| 2036 | 2.23% | 1.86% |
| 2035 | 2.27% | 1.87% |
| 2034 | 2.31% | 1.86% |
| 2033 | 2.32% | 1.94% |
| 2032 | 2.35% | 2.01% |
| 2031 | 2.33% | 1.97% |
| 2030 | 2.33% | 1.96% |
| 2029 | 2.34% | 2% |
| 2028 | 2.36% | 2% |
| 2027 | 2.35% | 2.04% |
| 2026 | 2.38% | 2.02% |
| 2025 | 2.39% | 2.05% |
| 2024 | 2.43% | 4.01% |
| 2023 | 2.45% | 4.19% |
| 2022 | 2.43% | 1.43% |
| 2021 | 2.42% | 1.56% |
| 2020 | 2.42% | 2.64% |
| 2019 | 2.44% | 2.97% |
| 2018 | 2.47% | -1.33% |
| 2017 | 2.46% | -5.27% |
| 2016 | 2.45% | -2.5% |
| 2015 | 2.45% | -1.13% |
| 2014 | 2.45% | 0.62% |
| 2013 | 2.46% | 3.81% |
| 2012 | 2.84% | 4.55% |
| 2011 | 3.3% | 5.56% |
| 2010 | 4.23% | 5.44% |
| 2009 | 4.08% | 4.83% |
| 2008 | 3.34% | 5.11% |
| 2007 | 3.73% | 5.17% |
| 2006 | 3.81% | 5.09% |
| 2005 | 3.67% | 4.94% |
| 2004 | 3.48% | 4.78% |
| 2003 | 2.83% | 4.64% |
| 2002 | 2.39% | 4.57% |
| 2001 | 3.85% | 4.58% |
| 2000 | 3.91% | 4.52% |
| 1999 | 2.74% | 2.7% |
| 1998 | 2.22% | 2.01% |
| 1997 | 2.16% | 2.84% |
| 1996 | 2.81% | 2.51% |
| 1995 | 2.85% | 3.05% |
| 1994 | 3.01% | 2.32% |
| 1993 | 3% | 0.94% |
| 1992 | 2.87% | 1.51% |
| 1991 | 2.88% | 2.09% |
| 1990 | 2.9% | 0.52% |
| 1989 | 2.93% | -2.78% |
| 1988 | 2.94% | -2.3% |
| 1987 | 2.96% | 0.84% |
| 1986 | 2.98% | 1.8% |
| 1985 | 2.99% | 1.76% |
| 1984 | 2.52% | 1.91% |
| 1983 | 2.09% | 2.28% |
| 1982 | 2.18% | 2.48% |
| 1981 | 2.23% | 2.49% |
| 1980 | 2.26% | 2.51% |
| 1979 | 2.31% | 2.54% |
| 1978 | 2.37% | 2.58% |
| 1977 | 2.42% | 2.6% |
| 1976 | 2.47% | 2.63% |
| 1975 | 2.83% | 2.64% |
| 1974 | 3.17% | 2.64% |
| 1973 | 3.18% | 2.4% |
| 1972 | 3.15% | 2.13% |
| 1971 | 3.11% | 1.73% |
| 1970 | 3.06% | 1.31% |
| 1969 | 3.01% | 1.32% |
| 1968 | 2.96% | 1.34% |
| 1967 | 2.91% | 1.27% |
| 1966 | 2.87% | 1.46% |
| 1965 | 2.81% | 1.91% |
| 1964 | 2.76% | 1.86% |
| 1963 | 2.7% | 1.6% |
| 1962 | 2.65% | 1.6% |
| 1961 | 2.62% | 1.54% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1961–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/congo/south-sudan | CC BY
In 2025, the population of the Congo grew by 2.39%, while South Sudan's population grew by 2.05%.
Live population counters
|
Congo
|
South Sudan
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
6718789
|
12565048
|
| Population rank | 109/197 | 80/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.08% | 0.15% |
| One net population change |
3.48 minutes
|
2.15 minutes
|
| One birth every |
2.73 minutes
|
1.51 minutes
|
| One death every |
13.3 minutes
|
4.48 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | +415 | +672 |
| Annual growth/decline | +151,476 | +245,380 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +2.39% | +2.05% |
| Population growth rate rank | 31/197 | 48/197 |
| One migration net change every |
2.93 hours
|
1.43 hours
|
| Annual migration change | -2,999 | +6,145 |
| Net migration rank | 108/196 | 50/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 385,589 | 914,001 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 91/195 | 62/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 6.1% | 7.7% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 86/195 | 77/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Congo
|
South Sudan
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | -2,999 | - | 6,145 |
| 2024 | 153,150 | -2,491 | 231,714 | 15,374 |
| 2023 | 150,486 | -995 | 217,966 | 455,000 |
| 2022 | 147,076 | -995 | 211,166 | 40,259 |
| 2021 | 144,241 | -4,476 | 213,567 | -154,359 |
| 2020 | 143,492 | -4,472 | 212,332 | 62,935 |
| 2019 | 139,513 | -6,268 | 209,708 | 65,198 |
| 2018 | 142,704 | -8,856 | 168,497 | 157,408 |
| 2017 | 141,973 | -11,601 | 72,193 | -670,477 |
| 2016 | 141,358 | -14,783 | 110,553 | -654,225 |
| 2015 | 141,539 | -18,207 | 148,542 | -159,822 |
| 2014 | 141,674 | -21,598 | 227,611 | -471,523 |
| 2013 | 142,080 | -24,605 | 315,983 | 65,337 |
| 2012 | 142,464 | -26,643 | 312,974 | 125,771 |
| 2011 | 140,371 | 5,262 | 303,181 | 194,325 |
| 2010 | 136,908 | 12,318 | 287,409 | 299,402 |
| 2009 | 126,904 | 86,014 | 278,859 | 139,129 |
| 2008 | 120,711 | 1,774 | 268,268 | 165,557 |
| 2007 | 112,459 | 31,239 | 256,546 | 167,350 |
| 2006 | 106,876 | 35,475 | 246,706 | 153,926 |
| 2005 | 101,344 | 38,337 | 239,272 | 132,869 |
| 2004 | 96,577 | 25,412 | 231,877 | 110,182 |
| 2003 | 91,326 | 26,280 | 225,822 | 91,951 |
| 2002 | 88,497 | -16,140 | 212,014 | 82,847 |
| 2001 | 84,876 | -764 | 204,108 | 77,856 |
| 2000 | 78,491 | 79,780 | 196,055 | 74,227 |
| 1999 | 76,204 | 2,470 | 180,721 | 70,271 |
| 1998 | 72,450 | 10,500 | -12,157 | 64,285 |
| 1997 | 66,149 | -20,704 | 121,454 | 48,280 |
| 1996 | 75,628 | 1,085 | 116,728 | 17,953 |
| 1995 | 74,189 | 3,747 | 110,417 | 17,077 |
| 1994 | 72,857 | 1,850 | 165,407 | 16,407 |
| 1993 | 71,119 | 10,218 | 32,779 | 15,772 |
| 1992 | 69,973 | 0 | 28,874 | 15,077 |
| 1991 | 68,534 | 1,966 | 87,873 | 14,327 |
| 1990 | 67,241 | -395 | 82,900 | 12,988 |
| 1989 | 65,944 | 1,214 | 83,735 | -130,821 |
| 1988 | 64,629 | 22 | -125,447 | -97,065 |
| 1987 | 63,183 | 525 | 5,756 | -11,976 |
| 1986 | 61,669 | 367 | 99,502 | -10,973 |
| 1985 | 60,359 | 182 | 95,342 | -9,986 |
| 1984 | 59,028 | 0 | 90,970 | -8,984 |
| 1983 | 58,120 | -18,720 | 104,107 | -7,986 |
| 1982 | 57,036 | -16,664 | 118,641 | -6,983 |
| 1981 | 56,603 | -15,630 | 115,163 | -5,994 |
| 1980 | 55,550 | -14,972 | 112,307 | -4,997 |
| 1979 | 54,723 | -14,378 | 109,540 | -3,997 |
| 1978 | 53,885 | -13,356 | 107,352 | -2,998 |
| 1977 | 53,179 | -12,673 | 104,886 | -1,997 |
| 1976 | 52,148 | -11,971 | 102,346 | -995 |
| 1975 | 51,155 | -10,944 | 99,882 | -395 |
| 1974 | 49,563 | -312 | 97,181 | -192 |
| 1973 | 48,017 | -22 | 94,765 | 0 |
| 1972 | 46,427 | 0 | 74,803 | 193 |
| 1971 | 44,431 | 0 | 72,308 | 394 |
| 1970 | 42,374 | 0 | 44,776 | 587 |
| 1969 | 40,532 | 0 | 42,015 | 786 |
| 1968 | 38,786 | 0 | 44,213 | 995 |
| 1967 | 36,866 | 0 | 41,357 | 1,194 |
| 1966 | 35,452 | 0 | 38,523 | 1,386 |
| 1965 | 33,865 | 0 | 51,682 | 1,591 |
| 1964 | 32,270 | 0 | 64,786 | 1,785 |
| 1963 | 30,832 | 0 | 46,333 | 1,591 |
| 1962 | 29,342 | 0 | 47,406 | 1,386 |
| 1961 | 28,220 | 0 | 45,186 | 1,194 |
| 1960 | 27,094 | 0 | 42,945 | 995 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/congo/south-sudan | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 95.2% of the population change in the Congo is from natural causes (a gain of 1,445,532 people) and 4.82% is from migration (a loss of 73,144 people). In South Sudan 68.1% is from natural causes (a gain of 1,796,238 people) and 31.9% is from migration (a loss of 842,709 people).
As of 2024, 385,589 residents or 6.1% of the population were not native-born in the Congo, compared to 914,001 people or 7.7% in South Sudan.
Biggest cities by population
|
Congo
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Brazzaville | 2.15M |
| Pointe-Noire | 1.42M |
| Kayes | 127K |
| Madingou | 36.2K |
| Gamboma | 26.1K |
| Kinkala | 12.1K |
|
South Sudan
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Juba | 500K |
| Wau | 321K |
| Bor | 315K |
| Malakal | 147K |
| Yambio | 130K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between the Congo and South Sudan
|
Congo
|
South Sudan
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 66.4 years | 58 years |
| Average age | 24.3 years | 24.5 years |
| Median age | 19.6 years | 19.7 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 50:50 | 49.2:50.8 |
| Fertility rate | 4.11 births per woman | 3.79 births per woman |
| Population density | 50.3 ppl/mi² | 51 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/congo/south-sudan | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
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