The latest officially reported population of Somalia was 19,009,151 in 2024 vs 11,943,408 people in South Sudan in 2024. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Somalia's population is 20,503,678 people compared to 12,507,858 in South Sudan.
Population statistics:
- Somalia's population is 1.64 times bigger than South Sudan's.
- Somalia is ranked the 66th most populous country in the world, while South Sudan is the 80th.
- The countries together account for 0.4% of the world: 0.25% for Somalia vs 0.15% for South Sudan.
- For the last 10 years, Somalia has had an average growth rate of +3.61% per year vs +0.65% in South Sudan.
- Since 2006, the population of Somalia has increased from 11M people to 20.5M (86.8% growth), while South Sudan has grown from 7.98M to 12.5M (56.8% growth).
Somalia vs South Sudan: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Somalia
|
South Sudan
|
|
| 2100 | 68,384,185 | 24,086,901 |
| 2099 | 68,040,371 | 24,081,477 |
| 2098 | 67,702,230 | 24,063,461 |
| 2097 | 67,362,336 | 24,065,268 |
| 2096 | 66,972,933 | 24,054,483 |
| 2095 | 66,585,659 | 24,046,345 |
| 2094 | 66,179,819 | 24,047,776 |
| 2093 | 65,760,590 | 24,039,017 |
| 2092 | 65,324,261 | 24,019,054 |
| 2091 | 64,852,843 | 24,000,308 |
| 2090 | 64,362,727 | 23,978,496 |
| 2089 | 63,922,797 | 23,937,487 |
| 2088 | 63,464,036 | 23,892,166 |
| 2087 | 62,987,028 | 23,857,250 |
| 2086 | 62,447,029 | 23,803,312 |
| 2085 | 61,873,597 | 23,759,178 |
| 2084 | 61,318,916 | 23,687,109 |
| 2083 | 60,761,800 | 23,617,646 |
| 2082 | 60,187,980 | 23,541,119 |
| 2081 | 59,676,722 | 23,466,449 |
| 2080 | 59,100,915 | 23,391,758 |
| 2079 | 58,477,428 | 23,294,252 |
| 2078 | 57,852,528 | 23,197,067 |
| 2077 | 57,211,821 | 23,086,584 |
| 2076 | 56,602,463 | 22,987,331 |
| 2075 | 56,005,600 | 22,868,587 |
| 2074 | 55,330,165 | 22,726,189 |
| 2073 | 54,651,918 | 22,583,672 |
| 2072 | 53,978,548 | 22,438,943 |
| 2071 | 53,284,016 | 22,288,026 |
| 2070 | 52,573,210 | 22,151,650 |
| 2069 | 51,878,214 | 22,003,659 |
| 2068 | 51,197,653 | 21,829,800 |
| 2067 | 50,493,028 | 21,662,211 |
| 2066 | 49,779,172 | 21,496,881 |
| 2065 | 49,024,665 | 21,317,455 |
| 2064 | 48,265,876 | 21,142,002 |
| 2063 | 47,522,361 | 20,965,122 |
| 2062 | 46,785,920 | 20,785,055 |
| 2061 | 46,037,526 | 20,608,964 |
| 2060 | 45,220,507 | 20,430,857 |
| 2059 | 44,397,936 | 20,235,022 |
| 2058 | 43,659,021 | 20,048,974 |
| 2057 | 42,897,422 | 19,853,696 |
| 2056 | 42,121,542 | 19,659,362 |
| 2055 | 41,318,179 | 19,464,297 |
| 2054 | 40,513,141 | 19,257,481 |
| 2053 | 39,744,995 | 19,060,517 |
| 2052 | 38,992,177 | 18,840,461 |
| 2051 | 38,228,872 | 18,633,198 |
| 2050 | 37,471,735 | 18,434,212 |
| 2049 | 36,739,905 | 18,230,881 |
| 2048 | 35,984,999 | 18,021,026 |
| 2047 | 35,218,863 | 17,806,282 |
| 2046 | 34,462,403 | 17,579,173 |
| 2045 | 33,717,596 | 17,355,041 |
| 2044 | 32,977,674 | 17,121,972 |
| 2043 | 32,247,710 | 16,888,278 |
| 2042 | 31,537,272 | 16,645,354 |
| 2041 | 30,794,853 | 16,396,768 |
| 2040 | 30,032,324 | 16,142,816 |
| 2039 | 29,312,883 | 15,889,952 |
| 2038 | 28,583,386 | 15,628,043 |
| 2037 | 27,838,646 | 15,363,975 |
| 2036 | 27,114,453 | 15,091,275 |
| 2035 | 26,385,421 | 14,815,307 |
| 2034 | 25,687,629 | 14,543,511 |
| 2033 | 25,018,509 | 14,278,180 |
| 2032 | 24,338,597 | 14,007,134 |
| 2031 | 23,657,353 | 13,730,637 |
| 2030 | 22,965,742 | 13,465,615 |
| 2029 | 22,299,610 | 13,206,477 |
| 2028 | 21,651,582 | 12,947,082 |
| 2027 | 20,991,860 | 12,692,769 |
| 2026 | 20,322,668 | 12,439,296 |
| 2025 | 19,666,990 | 12,193,102 |
| 2024 | 19,009,151 | 11,943,408 |
| 2023 | 18,358,615 | 11,483,374 |
| 2022 | 17,801,897 | 11,021,177 |
| 2021 | 17,271,431 | 10,865,780 |
| 2020 | 16,651,191 | 10,698,467 |
| 2019 | 16,030,971 | 10,423,384 |
| 2018 | 15,452,487 | 10,122,977 |
| 2017 | 14,916,629 | 10,259,154 |
| 2016 | 14,348,740 | 10,830,102 |
| 2015 | 13,806,963 | 11,107,561 |
| 2014 | 13,339,491 | 11,235,073 |
| 2013 | 12,869,594 | 11,166,275 |
| 2012 | 12,461,160 | 10,756,240 |
| 2011 | 12,348,830 | 10,288,109 |
| 2010 | 12,261,756 | 9,745,953 |
| 2009 | 11,961,201 | 9,243,556 |
| 2008 | 11,663,084 | 8,817,647 |
| 2007 | 11,322,582 | 8,388,788 |
| 2006 | 10,975,502 | 7,976,526 |
| 2005 | 10,644,228 | 7,590,143 |
| 2004 | 10,280,998 | 7,233,041 |
| 2003 | 9,909,157 | 6,903,127 |
| 2002 | 9,550,063 | 6,596,806 |
| 2001 | 9,198,493 | 6,308,391 |
| 2000 | 8,838,713 | 6,032,267 |
| 1999 | 8,492,059 | 5,771,628 |
| 1998 | 8,155,417 | 5,620,068 |
| 1997 | 7,824,525 | 5,509,136 |
| 1996 | 7,554,474 | 5,356,925 |
| 1995 | 7,285,007 | 5,225,836 |
| 1994 | 7,026,797 | 5,071,184 |
| 1993 | 6,681,399 | 4,956,002 |
| 1992 | 6,495,107 | 4,909,749 |
| 1991 | 6,813,760 | 4,836,677 |
| 1990 | 7,082,811 | 4,737,633 |
| 1989 | 7,114,817 | 4,713,229 |
| 1988 | 7,235,360 | 4,848,029 |
| 1987 | 7,228,302 | 4,962,395 |
| 1986 | 6,974,788 | 4,921,240 |
| 1985 | 6,693,289 | 4,834,296 |
| 1984 | 6,428,389 | 4,750,627 |
| 1983 | 6,198,430 | 4,661,574 |
| 1982 | 6,003,840 | 4,557,686 |
| 1981 | 5,982,849 | 4,447,272 |
| 1980 | 5,936,154 | 4,339,030 |
| 1979 | 5,449,117 | 4,232,605 |
| 1978 | 4,814,892 | 4,127,657 |
| 1977 | 4,484,050 | 4,024,032 |
| 1976 | 4,365,812 | 3,921,910 |
| 1975 | 4,257,535 | 3,821,494 |
| 1974 | 4,151,842 | 3,723,259 |
| 1973 | 4,045,592 | 3,627,383 |
| 1972 | 3,939,436 | 3,542,497 |
| 1971 | 3,837,691 | 3,468,646 |
| 1970 | 3,738,448 | 3,409,614 |
| 1969 | 3,641,015 | 3,365,533 |
| 1968 | 3,546,590 | 3,321,528 |
| 1967 | 3,454,537 | 3,277,648 |
| 1966 | 3,365,106 | 3,236,423 |
| 1965 | 3,277,874 | 3,189,835 |
| 1964 | 3,192,796 | 3,129,918 |
| 1963 | 3,110,361 | 3,072,669 |
| 1962 | 3,030,091 | 3,024,308 |
| 1961 | 2,952,054 | 2,976,724 |
| 1960 | 2,876,331 | 2,931,559 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/somalia/south-sudan | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Somalia increased by 3,373,238 people (a 30.7% growth), while South Sudan gained 2,853,576 people (a 35.8% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Somalia gained 6,154,938 people (a 42.9% growth), while South Sudan's population increased by 1,677,756 people (a 15.5% growth).
Somalia was ranked 75th most populous country in 2006 and is 66th in 2026. South Sudan was ranked 92nd in 2006 and ranked 80th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Somalia's population will grow by 82.8% to 37,471,735 people with a rank change from 66th to 57th. The population of South Sudan will increase by 47.4% to 18,434,212 people and rank change from 80th to 78th.
Somalia is projected to reach its peak in 2100 at 68.4M people compared to the peak of 24.1M people in 2100 for South Sudan.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Somalia
|
South Sudan
|
|
| 2100 | 0.51% | 0.02% |
| 2099 | 0.5% | 0.07% |
| 2098 | 0.5% | -0.008% |
| 2097 | 0.58% | 0.04% |
| 2096 | 0.58% | 0.03% |
| 2095 | 0.61% | -0.006% |
| 2094 | 0.64% | 0.04% |
| 2093 | 0.67% | 0.08% |
| 2092 | 0.73% | 0.08% |
| 2091 | 0.76% | 0.09% |
| 2090 | 0.69% | 0.17% |
| 2089 | 0.72% | 0.19% |
| 2088 | 0.76% | 0.15% |
| 2087 | 0.86% | 0.23% |
| 2086 | 0.93% | 0.19% |
| 2085 | 0.9% | 0.3% |
| 2084 | 0.92% | 0.29% |
| 2083 | 0.95% | 0.33% |
| 2082 | 0.86% | 0.32% |
| 2081 | 0.97% | 0.32% |
| 2080 | 1.07% | 0.42% |
| 2079 | 1.08% | 0.42% |
| 2078 | 1.12% | 0.48% |
| 2077 | 1.08% | 0.43% |
| 2076 | 1.07% | 0.52% |
| 2075 | 1.22% | 0.63% |
| 2074 | 1.24% | 0.63% |
| 2073 | 1.25% | 0.64% |
| 2072 | 1.3% | 0.68% |
| 2071 | 1.35% | 0.62% |
| 2070 | 1.34% | 0.67% |
| 2069 | 1.33% | 0.8% |
| 2068 | 1.4% | 0.77% |
| 2067 | 1.43% | 0.77% |
| 2066 | 1.54% | 0.84% |
| 2065 | 1.57% | 0.83% |
| 2064 | 1.56% | 0.84% |
| 2063 | 1.57% | 0.87% |
| 2062 | 1.63% | 0.85% |
| 2061 | 1.81% | 0.87% |
| 2060 | 1.85% | 0.97% |
| 2059 | 1.69% | 0.93% |
| 2058 | 1.78% | 0.98% |
| 2057 | 1.84% | 0.99% |
| 2056 | 1.94% | 1% |
| 2055 | 1.99% | 1.07% |
| 2054 | 1.93% | 1.03% |
| 2053 | 1.93% | 1.17% |
| 2052 | 2% | 1.11% |
| 2051 | 2.02% | 1.08% |
| 2050 | 1.99% | 1.12% |
| 2049 | 2.1% | 1.16% |
| 2048 | 2.18% | 1.21% |
| 2047 | 2.2% | 1.29% |
| 2046 | 2.21% | 1.29% |
| 2045 | 2.24% | 1.36% |
| 2044 | 2.26% | 1.38% |
| 2043 | 2.25% | 1.46% |
| 2042 | 2.41% | 1.52% |
| 2041 | 2.54% | 1.57% |
| 2040 | 2.45% | 1.59% |
| 2039 | 2.55% | 1.68% |
| 2038 | 2.68% | 1.72% |
| 2037 | 2.67% | 1.81% |
| 2036 | 2.76% | 1.86% |
| 2035 | 2.72% | 1.87% |
| 2034 | 2.67% | 1.86% |
| 2033 | 2.79% | 1.94% |
| 2032 | 2.88% | 2.01% |
| 2031 | 3.01% | 1.97% |
| 2030 | 2.99% | 1.96% |
| 2029 | 2.99% | 2% |
| 2028 | 3.14% | 2% |
| 2027 | 3.29% | 2.04% |
| 2026 | 3.33% | 2.02% |
| 2025 | 3.46% | 2.09% |
| 2024 | 3.54% | 4.01% |
| 2023 | 3.13% | 4.19% |
| 2022 | 3.07% | 1.43% |
| 2021 | 3.72% | 1.56% |
| 2020 | 3.87% | 2.64% |
| 2019 | 3.74% | 2.97% |
| 2018 | 3.59% | -1.33% |
| 2017 | 3.96% | -5.27% |
| 2016 | 3.92% | -2.5% |
| 2015 | 3.5% | -1.13% |
| 2014 | 3.65% | 0.62% |
| 2013 | 3.28% | 3.81% |
| 2012 | 0.91% | 4.55% |
| 2011 | 0.71% | 5.56% |
| 2010 | 2.51% | 5.44% |
| 2009 | 2.56% | 4.83% |
| 2008 | 3.01% | 5.11% |
| 2007 | 3.16% | 5.17% |
| 2006 | 3.11% | 5.09% |
| 2005 | 3.53% | 4.94% |
| 2004 | 3.75% | 4.78% |
| 2003 | 3.76% | 4.64% |
| 2002 | 3.82% | 4.57% |
| 2001 | 4.07% | 4.58% |
| 2000 | 4.08% | 4.52% |
| 1999 | 4.13% | 2.7% |
| 1998 | 4.23% | 2.01% |
| 1997 | 3.57% | 2.84% |
| 1996 | 3.7% | 2.51% |
| 1995 | 3.67% | 3.05% |
| 1994 | 5.17% | 2.32% |
| 1993 | 2.87% | 0.94% |
| 1992 | -4.68% | 1.51% |
| 1991 | -3.8% | 2.09% |
| 1990 | -0.45% | 0.52% |
| 1989 | -1.67% | -2.78% |
| 1988 | 0.1% | -2.3% |
| 1987 | 3.63% | 0.84% |
| 1986 | 4.21% | 1.8% |
| 1985 | 4.12% | 1.76% |
| 1984 | 3.71% | 1.91% |
| 1983 | 3.24% | 2.28% |
| 1982 | 0.35% | 2.48% |
| 1981 | 0.79% | 2.49% |
| 1980 | 8.94% | 2.51% |
| 1979 | 13.2% | 2.54% |
| 1978 | 7.38% | 2.58% |
| 1977 | 2.71% | 2.6% |
| 1976 | 2.54% | 2.63% |
| 1975 | 2.55% | 2.64% |
| 1974 | 2.63% | 2.64% |
| 1973 | 2.69% | 2.4% |
| 1972 | 2.65% | 2.13% |
| 1971 | 2.65% | 1.73% |
| 1970 | 2.68% | 1.31% |
| 1969 | 2.66% | 1.32% |
| 1968 | 2.66% | 1.34% |
| 1967 | 2.66% | 1.27% |
| 1966 | 2.66% | 1.46% |
| 1965 | 2.66% | 1.91% |
| 1964 | 2.65% | 1.86% |
| 1963 | 2.65% | 1.6% |
| 1962 | 2.64% | 1.6% |
| 1961 | 2.63% | 1.54% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1961–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/somalia/south-sudan | CC BY
In 2024, the population of Somalia grew by 3.54%, while South Sudan's population grew by 4.01%.
Live population counters
|
Somalia
|
South Sudan
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
20503678
|
12507858
|
| Population rank | 66/197 | 80/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.25% | 0.15% |
| One net population change |
48.5 seconds
|
1.14 minutes
|
| One birth every |
40 seconds
|
1.6 minutes
|
| One death every |
2.91 minutes
|
4.76 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | +1,782 | +1,260 |
| Annual growth/decline | +650,536 | +460,034 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +3.54% | +4.01% |
| Population growth rate rank | 8/197 | 7/197 |
| One migration net change every |
43.6 minutes
|
1.43 hours
|
| Annual migration change | +12,077 | +6,145 |
| Net migration rank | 40/196 | 50/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 77,972 | 914,001 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 140/195 | 62/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 0.4% | 7.7% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 180/195 | 77/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Somalia
|
South Sudan
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | 12,077 | - | 6,145 |
| 2024 | - | 26,859 | - | 15,374 |
| 2023 | 608,203 | 46,217 | 217,966 | 455,000 |
| 2022 | 551,450 | -92,434 | 211,166 | 40,259 |
| 2021 | 566,399 | 35,506 | 213,567 | -154,359 |
| 2020 | 561,311 | 77,259 | 212,332 | 62,935 |
| 2019 | 548,756 | 53,124 | 209,708 | 65,198 |
| 2018 | 514,244 | 40,844 | 168,497 | 157,408 |
| 2017 | 478,556 | 38,067 | 72,193 | -670,477 |
| 2016 | 495,132 | 124,017 | 110,553 | -654,225 |
| 2015 | 481,573 | -17,178 | 148,542 | -159,822 |
| 2014 | 464,481 | 6,065 | 227,611 | -471,523 |
| 2013 | 448,518 | 20,723 | 315,983 | 65,337 |
| 2012 | 399,468 | -51,833 | 312,974 | 125,771 |
| 2011 | 203,213 | -326,192 | 303,181 | 194,325 |
| 2010 | 385,571 | -88,448 | 287,409 | 299,402 |
| 2009 | 405,784 | -101,795 | 278,859 | 139,129 |
| 2008 | 394,258 | -102,035 | 268,268 | 165,557 |
| 2007 | 380,303 | 8,476 | 256,546 | 167,350 |
| 2006 | 372,597 | -67,200 | 246,706 | 153,926 |
| 2005 | 363,117 | -5,955 | 239,272 | 132,869 |
| 2004 | 351,959 | 17,353 | 231,877 | 110,182 |
| 2003 | 341,192 | 33,174 | 225,822 | 91,951 |
| 2002 | 331,215 | 12,603 | 212,014 | 82,847 |
| 2001 | 319,059 | 40,274 | 204,108 | 77,856 |
| 2000 | 306,651 | 53,580 | 196,055 | 74,227 |
| 1999 | 295,523 | 37,548 | 180,721 | 70,271 |
| 1998 | 284,779 | 55,426 | -12,157 | 64,285 |
| 1997 | 271,894 | 49,692 | 121,454 | 48,280 |
| 1996 | 264,807 | -46,291 | 116,728 | 17,953 |
| 1995 | 254,509 | 65,888 | 110,417 | 17,077 |
| 1994 | 246,950 | -50,921 | 165,407 | 16,407 |
| 1993 | 232,960 | 261,815 | 32,779 | 15,772 |
| 1992 | 57,495 | -179,675 | 28,874 | 15,077 |
| 1991 | 53,052 | -568,166 | 87,873 | 14,327 |
| 1990 | 225,162 | -248,155 | 82,900 | 12,988 |
| 1989 | 225,255 | -266,281 | 83,735 | -130,821 |
| 1988 | 215,599 | -415,660 | -125,447 | -97,065 |
| 1987 | 231,580 | -17,391 | 5,756 | -11,976 |
| 1986 | 218,416 | 74,424 | 99,502 | -10,973 |
| 1985 | 207,960 | 62,183 | 95,342 | -9,986 |
| 1984 | 199,017 | 60,630 | 90,970 | -8,984 |
| 1983 | 190,775 | 9,505 | 104,107 | -7,986 |
| 1982 | 182,793 | 6,115 | 118,641 | -6,983 |
| 1981 | 185,211 | -332,129 | 115,163 | -5,994 |
| 1980 | 174,790 | 65,519 | 112,307 | -4,997 |
| 1979 | 151,016 | 582,746 | 109,540 | -3,997 |
| 1978 | 132,689 | 402,005 | 107,352 | -2,998 |
| 1977 | 124,818 | 2,170 | 104,886 | -1,997 |
| 1976 | 113,319 | -3,831 | 102,346 | -995 |
| 1975 | 108,998 | -1,934 | 99,882 | -395 |
| 1974 | 104,813 | -495 | 97,181 | -192 |
| 1973 | 108,038 | 143 | 94,765 | 0 |
| 1972 | 104,493 | -351 | 74,803 | 193 |
| 1971 | 101,196 | -1,850 | 72,308 | 394 |
| 1970 | 98,025 | 1,104 | 44,776 | 587 |
| 1969 | 95,045 | 690 | 42,015 | 786 |
| 1968 | 92,208 | 906 | 44,213 | 995 |
| 1967 | 89,497 | 1,498 | 41,357 | 1,194 |
| 1966 | 86,930 | 941 | 38,523 | 1,386 |
| 1965 | 84,448 | 2,142 | 51,682 | 1,591 |
| 1964 | 82,042 | 1,518 | 64,786 | 1,785 |
| 1963 | 79,859 | 1,449 | 46,333 | 1,591 |
| 1962 | 77,737 | 1,496 | 47,406 | 1,386 |
| 1961 | 75,513 | 1,336 | 45,186 | 1,194 |
| 1960 | 73,850 | 750 | 42,945 | 995 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/somalia/south-sudan | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 94.4% of the population change in Somalia is from natural causes (a gain of 5,270,105 people) and 5.58% is from migration (a gain of 311,487 people). In South Sudan 57.4% is from natural causes (a gain of 1,792,135 people) and 42.6% is from migration (a loss of 1,329,606 people).
As of 2024, 77,972 residents or 0.4% of the population were not native-born in Somalia, compared to 914,001 people or 7.7% in South Sudan.
Biggest cities by population
|
Somalia
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Mogadishu | 2.12M |
| Hargeisa | 1.23M |
| Baidoa | 1.2M |
| Borama | 68.1K |
|
South Sudan
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Juba | 500K |
| Wau | 321K |
| Bor | 315K |
| Malakal | 147K |
| Yambio | 130K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between Somalia and South Sudan
|
Somalia
|
South Sudan
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 59.3 years | 58 years |
| Average age | 21.2 years | 24.3 years |
| Median age | 16.6 years | 19.4 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 50.1:49.9 | 49.2:50.8 |
| Fertility rate | 6.13 births per woman | 3.86 births per woman |
| Population density | 83.9 ppl/mi² | 51 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20).
GeoRank.org/population/somalia/south-sudan | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-02-08)
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