The latest officially reported population of Kuwait was 4,897,263 in 2024 vs 11,943,408 people in South Sudan in 2024. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Kuwait's population is 5,100,145 people compared to 12,507,858 in South Sudan.
Population statistics:
- South Sudan's population is 2.45 times bigger than Kuwait's.
- Kuwait is ranked the 127th most populous country in the world, while South Sudan is the 80th.
- The countries together account for 0.21% of the world: 0.06% for Kuwait vs 0.15% for South Sudan.
- For the last 10 years, Kuwait has had an average growth rate of +3.1% per year vs +0.65% in South Sudan.
- Since 2006, the population of Kuwait has increased from 2.36M people to 5.1M (115.7% growth), while South Sudan has grown from 7.98M to 12.5M (56.8% growth).
Kuwait vs South Sudan: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Kuwait
|
South Sudan
|
|
| 2100 | 9,589,440 | 24,086,901 |
| 2099 | 9,513,152 | 24,081,477 |
| 2098 | 9,437,521 | 24,063,461 |
| 2097 | 9,362,225 | 24,065,268 |
| 2096 | 9,287,200 | 24,054,483 |
| 2095 | 9,212,523 | 24,046,345 |
| 2094 | 9,138,210 | 24,047,776 |
| 2093 | 9,064,241 | 24,039,017 |
| 2092 | 8,990,676 | 24,019,054 |
| 2091 | 8,917,547 | 24,000,308 |
| 2090 | 8,844,888 | 23,978,496 |
| 2089 | 8,772,503 | 23,937,487 |
| 2088 | 8,700,563 | 23,892,166 |
| 2087 | 8,629,117 | 23,857,250 |
| 2086 | 8,558,199 | 23,803,312 |
| 2085 | 8,487,764 | 23,759,178 |
| 2084 | 8,417,828 | 23,687,109 |
| 2083 | 8,348,353 | 23,617,646 |
| 2082 | 8,279,354 | 23,541,119 |
| 2081 | 8,210,772 | 23,466,449 |
| 2080 | 8,142,636 | 23,391,758 |
| 2079 | 8,075,101 | 23,294,252 |
| 2078 | 8,008,036 | 23,197,067 |
| 2077 | 7,941,463 | 23,086,584 |
| 2076 | 7,875,406 | 22,987,331 |
| 2075 | 7,809,930 | 22,868,587 |
| 2074 | 7,745,028 | 22,726,189 |
| 2073 | 7,680,639 | 22,583,672 |
| 2072 | 7,616,806 | 22,438,943 |
| 2071 | 7,553,744 | 22,288,026 |
| 2070 | 7,491,390 | 22,151,650 |
| 2069 | 7,429,571 | 22,003,659 |
| 2068 | 7,368,423 | 21,829,800 |
| 2067 | 7,307,932 | 21,662,211 |
| 2066 | 7,248,116 | 21,496,881 |
| 2065 | 7,188,899 | 21,317,455 |
| 2064 | 7,130,298 | 21,142,002 |
| 2063 | 7,072,099 | 20,965,122 |
| 2062 | 7,014,494 | 20,785,055 |
| 2061 | 6,957,511 | 20,608,964 |
| 2060 | 6,901,153 | 20,430,857 |
| 2059 | 6,845,293 | 20,235,022 |
| 2058 | 6,789,909 | 20,048,974 |
| 2057 | 6,734,955 | 19,853,696 |
| 2056 | 6,680,523 | 19,659,362 |
| 2055 | 6,626,403 | 19,464,297 |
| 2054 | 6,572,580 | 19,257,481 |
| 2053 | 6,518,885 | 19,060,517 |
| 2052 | 6,465,284 | 18,840,461 |
| 2051 | 6,411,692 | 18,633,198 |
| 2050 | 6,358,029 | 18,434,212 |
| 2049 | 6,304,394 | 18,230,881 |
| 2048 | 6,250,650 | 18,021,026 |
| 2047 | 6,196,914 | 17,806,282 |
| 2046 | 6,143,120 | 17,579,173 |
| 2045 | 6,089,197 | 17,355,041 |
| 2044 | 6,035,156 | 17,121,972 |
| 2043 | 5,981,241 | 16,888,278 |
| 2042 | 5,927,307 | 16,645,354 |
| 2041 | 5,873,587 | 16,396,768 |
| 2040 | 5,820,161 | 16,142,816 |
| 2039 | 5,767,029 | 15,889,952 |
| 2038 | 5,714,211 | 15,628,043 |
| 2037 | 5,661,929 | 15,363,975 |
| 2036 | 5,610,194 | 15,091,275 |
| 2035 | 5,559,069 | 14,815,307 |
| 2034 | 5,508,623 | 14,543,511 |
| 2033 | 5,458,935 | 14,278,180 |
| 2032 | 5,410,081 | 14,007,134 |
| 2031 | 5,362,063 | 13,730,637 |
| 2030 | 5,314,935 | 13,465,615 |
| 2029 | 5,265,492 | 13,206,477 |
| 2028 | 5,212,438 | 12,947,082 |
| 2027 | 5,152,065 | 12,692,769 |
| 2026 | 5,080,894 | 12,439,296 |
| 2025 | 4,998,262 | 12,193,102 |
| 2024 | 4,897,263 | 11,943,408 |
| 2023 | 4,853,420 | 11,483,374 |
| 2022 | 4,589,643 | 11,021,177 |
| 2021 | 4,360,865 | 10,865,780 |
| 2020 | 4,400,267 | 10,698,467 |
| 2019 | 4,442,316 | 10,423,384 |
| 2018 | 4,323,515 | 10,122,977 |
| 2017 | 4,154,812 | 10,259,154 |
| 2016 | 4,004,096 | 10,830,102 |
| 2015 | 3,834,574 | 11,107,561 |
| 2014 | 3,665,876 | 11,235,073 |
| 2013 | 3,507,844 | 11,166,275 |
| 2012 | 3,337,109 | 10,756,240 |
| 2011 | 3,132,814 | 10,288,109 |
| 2010 | 2,943,372 | 9,745,953 |
| 2009 | 2,795,484 | 9,243,556 |
| 2008 | 2,651,421 | 8,817,647 |
| 2007 | 2,507,887 | 8,388,788 |
| 2006 | 2,364,733 | 7,976,526 |
| 2005 | 2,236,788 | 7,590,143 |
| 2004 | 2,157,320 | 7,233,041 |
| 2003 | 2,109,881 | 6,903,127 |
| 2002 | 2,059,974 | 6,596,806 |
| 2001 | 2,008,121 | 6,308,391 |
| 2000 | 1,954,709 | 6,032,267 |
| 1999 | 1,900,030 | 5,771,628 |
| 1998 | 1,844,302 | 5,620,068 |
| 1997 | 1,787,683 | 5,509,136 |
| 1996 | 1,730,246 | 5,356,925 |
| 1995 | 1,681,513 | 5,225,836 |
| 1994 | 1,664,361 | 5,071,184 |
| 1993 | 1,672,151 | 4,956,002 |
| 1992 | 1,634,961 | 4,909,749 |
| 1991 | 1,351,399 | 4,836,677 |
| 1990 | 1,684,819 | 4,737,633 |
| 1989 | 2,217,468 | 4,713,229 |
| 1988 | 2,134,707 | 4,848,029 |
| 1987 | 2,052,994 | 4,962,395 |
| 1986 | 1,972,520 | 4,921,240 |
| 1985 | 1,894,242 | 4,834,296 |
| 1984 | 1,820,688 | 4,750,627 |
| 1983 | 1,744,295 | 4,661,574 |
| 1982 | 1,662,480 | 4,557,686 |
| 1981 | 1,583,426 | 4,447,272 |
| 1980 | 1,504,782 | 4,339,030 |
| 1979 | 1,423,514 | 4,232,605 |
| 1978 | 1,340,319 | 4,127,657 |
| 1977 | 1,258,023 | 4,024,032 |
| 1976 | 1,178,711 | 3,921,910 |
| 1975 | 1,104,863 | 3,821,494 |
| 1974 | 1,038,346 | 3,723,259 |
| 1973 | 977,654 | 3,627,383 |
| 1972 | 920,352 | 3,542,497 |
| 1971 | 865,076 | 3,468,646 |
| 1970 | 809,114 | 3,409,614 |
| 1969 | 749,452 | 3,365,533 |
| 1968 | 687,716 | 3,321,528 |
| 1967 | 628,089 | 3,277,648 |
| 1966 | 572,590 | 3,236,423 |
| 1965 | 521,174 | 3,189,835 |
| 1964 | 473,115 | 3,129,918 |
| 1963 | 427,694 | 3,072,669 |
| 1962 | 384,995 | 3,024,308 |
| 1961 | 345,945 | 2,976,724 |
| 1960 | 311,060 | 2,931,559 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/kuwait/south-sudan | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Kuwait increased by 1,639,363 people (a 69.3% growth), while South Sudan gained 2,853,576 people (a 35.8% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Kuwait gained 1,096,049 people (a 27.4% growth), while South Sudan's population increased by 1,677,756 people (a 15.5% growth).
Kuwait was ranked 139th most populous country in 2006 and is 127th in 2026. South Sudan was ranked 92nd in 2006 and ranked 80th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Kuwait's population will grow by 24.7% to 6,358,029 people with a rank change from 127th to 117th. The population of South Sudan will increase by 47.4% to 18,434,212 people and rank change from 80th to 78th.
Kuwait is projected to reach its peak in 2100 at 9.59M people compared to the peak of 24.1M people in 2100 for South Sudan.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Kuwait
|
South Sudan
|
|
| 2100 | 0.8% | 0.02% |
| 2099 | 0.8% | 0.07% |
| 2098 | 0.8% | -0.008% |
| 2097 | 0.81% | 0.04% |
| 2096 | 0.81% | 0.03% |
| 2095 | 0.81% | -0.006% |
| 2094 | 0.82% | 0.04% |
| 2093 | 0.82% | 0.08% |
| 2092 | 0.82% | 0.08% |
| 2091 | 0.82% | 0.09% |
| 2090 | 0.83% | 0.17% |
| 2089 | 0.83% | 0.19% |
| 2088 | 0.83% | 0.15% |
| 2087 | 0.83% | 0.23% |
| 2086 | 0.83% | 0.19% |
| 2085 | 0.83% | 0.3% |
| 2084 | 0.83% | 0.29% |
| 2083 | 0.83% | 0.33% |
| 2082 | 0.84% | 0.32% |
| 2081 | 0.84% | 0.32% |
| 2080 | 0.84% | 0.42% |
| 2079 | 0.84% | 0.42% |
| 2078 | 0.84% | 0.48% |
| 2077 | 0.84% | 0.43% |
| 2076 | 0.84% | 0.52% |
| 2075 | 0.84% | 0.63% |
| 2074 | 0.84% | 0.63% |
| 2073 | 0.84% | 0.64% |
| 2072 | 0.83% | 0.68% |
| 2071 | 0.83% | 0.62% |
| 2070 | 0.83% | 0.67% |
| 2069 | 0.83% | 0.8% |
| 2068 | 0.83% | 0.77% |
| 2067 | 0.83% | 0.77% |
| 2066 | 0.82% | 0.84% |
| 2065 | 0.82% | 0.83% |
| 2064 | 0.82% | 0.84% |
| 2063 | 0.82% | 0.87% |
| 2062 | 0.82% | 0.85% |
| 2061 | 0.82% | 0.87% |
| 2060 | 0.82% | 0.97% |
| 2059 | 0.82% | 0.93% |
| 2058 | 0.82% | 0.98% |
| 2057 | 0.81% | 0.99% |
| 2056 | 0.82% | 1% |
| 2055 | 0.82% | 1.07% |
| 2054 | 0.82% | 1.03% |
| 2053 | 0.83% | 1.17% |
| 2052 | 0.84% | 1.11% |
| 2051 | 0.84% | 1.08% |
| 2050 | 0.85% | 1.12% |
| 2049 | 0.86% | 1.16% |
| 2048 | 0.87% | 1.21% |
| 2047 | 0.88% | 1.29% |
| 2046 | 0.89% | 1.29% |
| 2045 | 0.9% | 1.36% |
| 2044 | 0.9% | 1.38% |
| 2043 | 0.91% | 1.46% |
| 2042 | 0.91% | 1.52% |
| 2041 | 0.92% | 1.57% |
| 2040 | 0.92% | 1.59% |
| 2039 | 0.92% | 1.68% |
| 2038 | 0.92% | 1.72% |
| 2037 | 0.92% | 1.81% |
| 2036 | 0.92% | 1.86% |
| 2035 | 0.92% | 1.87% |
| 2034 | 0.91% | 1.86% |
| 2033 | 0.9% | 1.94% |
| 2032 | 0.9% | 2.01% |
| 2031 | 0.89% | 1.97% |
| 2030 | 0.94% | 1.96% |
| 2029 | 1.02% | 2% |
| 2028 | 1.17% | 2% |
| 2027 | 1.4% | 2.04% |
| 2026 | 1.65% | 2.02% |
| 2025 | 2.06% | 2.09% |
| 2024 | 0.9% | 4.01% |
| 2023 | 5.75% | 4.19% |
| 2022 | 5.25% | 1.43% |
| 2021 | -0.9% | 1.56% |
| 2020 | -0.95% | 2.64% |
| 2019 | 2.75% | 2.97% |
| 2018 | 4.06% | -1.33% |
| 2017 | 3.76% | -5.27% |
| 2016 | 4.42% | -2.5% |
| 2015 | 4.6% | -1.13% |
| 2014 | 4.51% | 0.62% |
| 2013 | 5.12% | 3.81% |
| 2012 | 6.52% | 4.55% |
| 2011 | 6.44% | 5.56% |
| 2010 | 5.29% | 5.44% |
| 2009 | 5.43% | 4.83% |
| 2008 | 5.72% | 5.11% |
| 2007 | 6.05% | 5.17% |
| 2006 | 5.72% | 5.09% |
| 2005 | 3.68% | 4.94% |
| 2004 | 2.25% | 4.78% |
| 2003 | 2.42% | 4.64% |
| 2002 | 2.58% | 4.57% |
| 2001 | 2.73% | 4.58% |
| 2000 | 2.88% | 4.52% |
| 1999 | 3.02% | 2.7% |
| 1998 | 3.17% | 2.01% |
| 1997 | 3.32% | 2.84% |
| 1996 | 2.9% | 2.51% |
| 1995 | 1.03% | 3.05% |
| 1994 | -0.47% | 2.32% |
| 1993 | 2.27% | 0.94% |
| 1992 | 21% | 1.51% |
| 1991 | -19.8% | 2.09% |
| 1990 | -24% | 0.52% |
| 1989 | 3.88% | -2.78% |
| 1988 | 3.98% | -2.3% |
| 1987 | 4.08% | 0.84% |
| 1986 | 4.13% | 1.8% |
| 1985 | 4.04% | 1.76% |
| 1984 | 4.38% | 1.91% |
| 1983 | 4.92% | 2.28% |
| 1982 | 4.99% | 2.48% |
| 1981 | 5.23% | 2.49% |
| 1980 | 5.71% | 2.51% |
| 1979 | 6.21% | 2.54% |
| 1978 | 6.54% | 2.58% |
| 1977 | 6.73% | 2.6% |
| 1976 | 6.68% | 2.63% |
| 1975 | 6.41% | 2.64% |
| 1974 | 6.21% | 2.64% |
| 1973 | 6.23% | 2.4% |
| 1972 | 6.39% | 2.13% |
| 1971 | 6.92% | 1.73% |
| 1970 | 7.96% | 1.31% |
| 1969 | 8.98% | 1.32% |
| 1968 | 9.49% | 1.34% |
| 1967 | 9.69% | 1.27% |
| 1966 | 9.87% | 1.46% |
| 1965 | 10.2% | 1.91% |
| 1964 | 10.6% | 1.86% |
| 1963 | 11.1% | 1.6% |
| 1962 | 11.3% | 1.6% |
| 1961 | 11.2% | 1.54% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1961–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/kuwait/south-sudan | CC BY
In 2024, the population of Kuwait grew by 0.9%, while South Sudan's population grew by 4.01%.
Live population counters
|
Kuwait
|
South Sudan
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
5100145
|
12507858
|
| Population rank | 127/197 | 80/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.06% | 0.15% |
| One net population change |
12 minutes
|
1.14 minutes
|
| One birth every |
10.5 minutes
|
1.6 minutes
|
| One death every |
1.18 hours
|
4.76 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | +120 | +1,260 |
| Annual growth/decline | +43,843 | +460,034 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +0.9% | +4.01% |
| Population growth rate rank | 106/197 | 7/197 |
| One migration net change every |
12.3 minutes
|
1.43 hours
|
| Annual migration change | +42,775 | +6,145 |
| Net migration rank | 24/196 | 50/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 3,323,191 | 914,001 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 20/195 | 62/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 67.3% | 7.7% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 5/195 | 77/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Kuwait
|
South Sudan
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | 42,775 | - | 6,145 |
| 2024 | - | 61,624 | - | 15,374 |
| 2023 | 42,568 | 50,008 | 217,966 | 455,000 |
| 2022 | 41,752 | 368,560 | 211,166 | 40,259 |
| 2021 | 42,057 | 19,678 | 213,567 | -154,359 |
| 2020 | 41,083 | -168,379 | 212,332 | 62,935 |
| 2019 | 46,268 | 181 | 209,708 | 65,198 |
| 2018 | 47,222 | 145,973 | 168,497 | 157,408 |
| 2017 | 51,498 | 92,717 | 72,193 | -670,477 |
| 2016 | 51,397 | 105,818 | 110,553 | -654,225 |
| 2015 | 52,127 | 129,695 | 148,542 | -159,822 |
| 2014 | 54,673 | 100,891 | 227,611 | -471,523 |
| 2013 | 52,666 | 107,821 | 315,983 | 65,337 |
| 2012 | 53,181 | 127,777 | 312,974 | 125,771 |
| 2011 | 50,733 | 176,732 | 303,181 | 194,325 |
| 2010 | 49,838 | 101,566 | 287,409 | 299,402 |
| 2009 | 48,879 | 95,483 | 278,859 | 139,129 |
| 2008 | 47,505 | 96,268 | 268,268 | 165,557 |
| 2007 | 46,539 | 96,765 | 256,546 | 167,350 |
| 2006 | 45,911 | 97,087 | 246,706 | 153,926 |
| 2005 | 45,243 | 67,638 | 239,272 | 132,869 |
| 2004 | 44,341 | 1,713 | 231,877 | 110,182 |
| 2003 | 42,934 | 5,895 | 225,822 | 91,951 |
| 2002 | 41,651 | 9,335 | 212,014 | 82,847 |
| 2001 | 40,662 | 12,055 | 204,108 | 77,856 |
| 2000 | 39,811 | 14,296 | 196,055 | 74,227 |
| 1999 | 39,342 | 15,912 | 180,721 | 70,271 |
| 1998 | 39,324 | 16,878 | -12,157 | 64,285 |
| 1997 | 39,581 | 17,457 | 121,454 | 48,280 |
| 1996 | 39,920 | 17,914 | 116,728 | 17,953 |
| 1995 | 39,198 | 438 | 110,417 | 17,077 |
| 1994 | 36,533 | -41,862 | 165,407 | 16,407 |
| 1993 | 33,239 | -43,501 | 32,779 | 15,772 |
| 1992 | 32,016 | 52,620 | 28,874 | 15,077 |
| 1991 | 21,867 | 460,628 | 87,873 | 14,327 |
| 1990 | 46,720 | -1,196,050 | 82,900 | 12,988 |
| 1989 | 49,390 | 34,643 | 83,735 | -130,821 |
| 1988 | 50,037 | 31,455 | -125,447 | -97,065 |
| 1987 | 50,690 | 31,243 | 5,756 | -11,976 |
| 1986 | 51,824 | 27,187 | 99,502 | -10,973 |
| 1985 | 51,772 | 25,777 | 95,342 | -9,986 |
| 1984 | 52,539 | 17,020 | 90,970 | -8,984 |
| 1983 | 51,460 | 31,758 | 104,107 | -7,986 |
| 1982 | 49,981 | 30,437 | 118,641 | -6,983 |
| 1981 | 48,098 | 29,600 | 115,163 | -5,994 |
| 1980 | 47,096 | 32,483 | 112,307 | -4,997 |
| 1979 | 45,569 | 37,383 | 109,540 | -3,997 |
| 1978 | 44,277 | 39,159 | 107,352 | -2,998 |
| 1977 | 42,922 | 38,225 | 104,886 | -1,997 |
| 1976 | 41,439 | 36,050 | 102,346 | -995 |
| 1975 | 39,295 | 30,909 | 99,882 | -395 |
| 1974 | 37,425 | 25,398 | 97,181 | -192 |
| 1973 | 35,741 | 22,830 | 94,765 | 0 |
| 1972 | 34,045 | 21,984 | 74,803 | 193 |
| 1971 | 32,339 | 22,182 | 72,308 | 394 |
| 1970 | 30,789 | 26,614 | 44,776 | 587 |
| 1969 | 28,774 | 33,143 | 42,015 | 786 |
| 1968 | 26,161 | 35,399 | 44,213 | 995 |
| 1967 | 23,520 | 34,177 | 41,357 | 1,194 |
| 1966 | 20,914 | 32,383 | 38,523 | 1,386 |
| 1965 | 18,952 | 30,580 | 51,682 | 1,591 |
| 1964 | 17,064 | 29,537 | 64,786 | 1,785 |
| 1963 | 15,357 | 28,889 | 46,333 | 1,591 |
| 1962 | 13,730 | 27,417 | 47,406 | 1,386 |
| 1961 | 12,327 | 24,618 | 45,186 | 1,194 |
| 1960 | 11,054 | 21,769 | 42,945 | 995 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/kuwait/south-sudan | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 35.8% of the population change in Kuwait is from natural causes (a gain of 470,645 people) and 64.2% is from migration (a gain of 845,142 people). In South Sudan 57.4% is from natural causes (a gain of 1,792,135 people) and 42.6% is from migration (a loss of 1,329,606 people).
As of 2024, 3,323,191 residents or 67.3% of the population were not native-born in Kuwait, compared to 914,001 people or 7.7% in South Sudan.
Biggest cities by population
|
Kuwait
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Kuwait | 2.99M |
| Al Wafrah | 10K |
|
South Sudan
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Juba | 500K |
| Wau | 321K |
| Bor | 315K |
| Malakal | 147K |
| Yambio | 130K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between Kuwait and South Sudan
|
Kuwait
|
South Sudan
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 81 years | 58 years |
| Average age | 34.1 years | 24.3 years |
| Median age | 35.8 years | 19.4 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 61.1:38.9 | 49.2:50.8 |
| Fertility rate | 1.52 births per woman | 3.86 births per woman |
| Population density | 738 ppl/mi² | 51 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20).
GeoRank.org/population/kuwait/south-sudan | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-02-08)
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