The latest officially reported population of Chad was 20,299,123 in 2024 vs 232,679,478 people in Nigeria in 2024. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Chad's population is 21,893,857 people compared to 243,824,469 in Nigeria.
Population statistics:
- Nigeria's population is 11.1 times bigger than Chad's.
- Chad is ranked the 64th most populous country in the world, while Nigeria is the 6th.
- The countries together account for 3.21% of the world: 0.26% for Chad vs 2.94% for Nigeria.
- For the last 10 years, Chad has had an average growth rate of +3.65% per year vs +2.31% in Nigeria.
- Since 2006, the population of Chad has increased from 10.7M people to 21.9M (104.5% growth), while Nigeria has grown from 149M to 244M (63.6% growth).
Chad vs Nigeria: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Chad
|
Nigeria
|
|
| 2100 | 70,884,357 | 481,678,166 |
| 2099 | 70,557,567 | 481,494,914 |
| 2098 | 70,230,207 | 481,219,866 |
| 2097 | 69,842,152 | 480,876,108 |
| 2096 | 69,451,196 | 480,460,381 |
| 2095 | 69,060,721 | 479,976,454 |
| 2094 | 68,666,177 | 479,432,855 |
| 2093 | 68,236,720 | 478,807,152 |
| 2092 | 67,782,173 | 478,097,591 |
| 2091 | 67,325,804 | 477,274,569 |
| 2090 | 66,831,262 | 476,367,086 |
| 2089 | 66,335,362 | 475,363,859 |
| 2088 | 65,849,776 | 474,268,867 |
| 2087 | 65,329,155 | 473,072,894 |
| 2086 | 64,802,341 | 471,769,229 |
| 2085 | 64,247,517 | 470,365,292 |
| 2084 | 63,683,201 | 468,843,169 |
| 2083 | 63,107,011 | 467,224,322 |
| 2082 | 62,546,281 | 465,509,151 |
| 2081 | 61,935,077 | 463,679,779 |
| 2080 | 61,322,770 | 461,741,930 |
| 2079 | 60,689,500 | 459,680,797 |
| 2078 | 60,041,413 | 457,513,367 |
| 2077 | 59,398,544 | 455,254,796 |
| 2076 | 58,750,589 | 452,885,729 |
| 2075 | 58,088,399 | 450,402,898 |
| 2074 | 57,429,638 | 447,825,224 |
| 2073 | 56,751,288 | 445,152,156 |
| 2072 | 56,050,641 | 442,375,349 |
| 2071 | 55,351,270 | 439,499,004 |
| 2070 | 54,656,129 | 436,539,777 |
| 2069 | 53,956,737 | 433,472,204 |
| 2068 | 53,248,745 | 430,320,190 |
| 2067 | 52,550,963 | 427,066,199 |
| 2066 | 51,808,021 | 423,736,078 |
| 2065 | 51,071,215 | 420,318,527 |
| 2064 | 50,307,695 | 416,811,285 |
| 2063 | 49,556,347 | 413,231,409 |
| 2062 | 48,797,884 | 409,583,480 |
| 2061 | 48,036,580 | 405,859,509 |
| 2060 | 47,241,459 | 402,073,494 |
| 2059 | 46,442,418 | 398,228,736 |
| 2058 | 45,655,034 | 394,315,883 |
| 2057 | 44,870,896 | 390,341,867 |
| 2056 | 44,078,534 | 386,298,064 |
| 2055 | 43,275,519 | 382,193,151 |
| 2054 | 42,486,590 | 378,030,342 |
| 2053 | 41,688,608 | 373,799,276 |
| 2052 | 40,889,772 | 369,501,634 |
| 2051 | 40,092,484 | 365,149,555 |
| 2050 | 39,299,495 | 360,734,783 |
| 2049 | 38,521,793 | 356,271,401 |
| 2048 | 37,723,298 | 351,752,501 |
| 2047 | 36,947,445 | 347,169,674 |
| 2046 | 36,172,851 | 342,532,578 |
| 2045 | 35,391,232 | 337,834,528 |
| 2044 | 34,632,170 | 333,076,416 |
| 2043 | 33,864,845 | 328,256,555 |
| 2042 | 33,104,772 | 323,388,886 |
| 2041 | 32,347,709 | 318,469,120 |
| 2040 | 31,617,805 | 313,492,800 |
| 2039 | 30,871,258 | 308,474,350 |
| 2038 | 30,129,880 | 303,423,786 |
| 2037 | 29,393,074 | 298,351,344 |
| 2036 | 28,653,774 | 293,250,795 |
| 2035 | 27,935,849 | 288,138,368 |
| 2034 | 27,223,833 | 283,018,151 |
| 2033 | 26,506,530 | 277,897,810 |
| 2032 | 25,790,343 | 272,769,123 |
| 2031 | 25,078,386 | 267,666,779 |
| 2030 | 24,381,060 | 262,583,487 |
| 2029 | 23,686,105 | 257,504,936 |
| 2028 | 22,995,214 | 252,465,743 |
| 2027 | 22,312,346 | 247,457,208 |
| 2026 | 21,738,687 | 242,477,499 |
| 2025 | 21,174,977 | 237,546,527 |
| 2024 | 20,299,123 | 232,679,478 |
| 2023 | 19,319,064 | 227,882,945 |
| 2022 | 18,455,316 | 223,150,896 |
| 2021 | 17,828,273 | 218,529,286 |
| 2020 | 17,224,679 | 213,996,181 |
| 2019 | 16,685,223 | 209,485,641 |
| 2018 | 16,156,531 | 204,938,755 |
| 2017 | 15,622,759 | 200,254,579 |
| 2016 | 15,114,655 | 195,443,700 |
| 2015 | 14,647,621 | 190,671,878 |
| 2014 | 14,188,678 | 185,896,915 |
| 2013 | 13,691,079 | 181,049,443 |
| 2012 | 13,210,998 | 176,200,625 |
| 2011 | 12,754,997 | 171,379,598 |
| 2010 | 12,312,575 | 166,642,886 |
| 2009 | 11,893,754 | 162,049,464 |
| 2008 | 11,476,296 | 157,595,014 |
| 2007 | 11,081,660 | 153,267,261 |
| 2006 | 10,706,424 | 149,077,334 |
| 2005 | 10,328,092 | 145,017,253 |
| 2004 | 9,920,036 | 141,057,045 |
| 2003 | 9,487,833 | 137,202,644 |
| 2002 | 9,116,192 | 133,471,989 |
| 2001 | 8,804,124 | 129,862,595 |
| 2000 | 8,512,093 | 126,382,494 |
| 1999 | 8,222,705 | 123,047,320 |
| 1998 | 7,938,840 | 119,846,254 |
| 1997 | 7,670,366 | 116,754,792 |
| 1996 | 7,410,108 | 113,754,779 |
| 1995 | 7,089,064 | 110,819,428 |
| 1994 | 6,783,450 | 107,935,714 |
| 1993 | 6,629,146 | 105,122,069 |
| 1992 | 6,474,656 | 102,372,770 |
| 1991 | 6,205,676 | 99,720,162 |
| 1990 | 5,982,833 | 97,120,925 |
| 1989 | 5,819,586 | 94,531,014 |
| 1988 | 5,625,602 | 92,020,090 |
| 1987 | 5,438,309 | 89,591,716 |
| 1986 | 5,251,069 | 87,235,953 |
| 1985 | 5,096,269 | 84,897,973 |
| 1984 | 5,045,145 | 82,526,443 |
| 1983 | 4,979,130 | 80,438,260 |
| 1982 | 4,738,483 | 78,378,701 |
| 1981 | 4,520,959 | 76,068,103 |
| 1980 | 4,515,453 | 73,764,641 |
| 1979 | 4,505,384 | 71,498,242 |
| 1978 | 4,411,366 | 69,326,532 |
| 1977 | 4,331,667 | 67,234,590 |
| 1976 | 4,251,297 | 65,258,009 |
| 1975 | 4,167,234 | 63,410,815 |
| 1974 | 4,078,356 | 61,679,144 |
| 1973 | 3,985,909 | 60,082,139 |
| 1972 | 3,893,252 | 58,601,748 |
| 1971 | 3,807,316 | 57,214,684 |
| 1970 | 3,727,828 | 55,893,838 |
| 1969 | 3,651,113 | 54,631,914 |
| 1968 | 3,578,231 | 53,432,783 |
| 1967 | 3,508,512 | 52,293,065 |
| 1966 | 3,440,903 | 51,188,234 |
| 1965 | 3,374,220 | 50,086,764 |
| 1964 | 3,307,479 | 49,012,016 |
| 1963 | 3,240,905 | 47,973,575 |
| 1962 | 3,175,598 | 46,965,292 |
| 1961 | 3,111,947 | 45,989,310 |
| 1960 | 3,049,838 | 45,053,782 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/chad/nigeria | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Chad increased by 4,408,231 people (a 41.2% growth), while Nigeria gained 46,366,366 people (a 31.1% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Chad gained 6,779,202 people (a 44.9% growth), while Nigeria's population increased by 48,380,769 people (a 24.8% growth).
Chad was ranked 76th most populous country in 2006 and is 64th in 2026. Nigeria was ranked 7th in 2006 and ranked 6th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Chad's population will grow by 79.5% to 39,299,495 people with a rank change from 64th to 52nd. The population of Nigeria will increase by 47.9% to 360,734,783 people and rank change from 6th to 5th.
Chad is projected to reach its peak in 2100 at 70.9M people compared to the peak of 482M people in 2100 for Nigeria.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Chad
|
Nigeria
|
|
| 2100 | 0.46% | 0.04% |
| 2099 | 0.47% | 0.06% |
| 2098 | 0.56% | 0.07% |
| 2097 | 0.56% | 0.09% |
| 2096 | 0.57% | 0.1% |
| 2095 | 0.57% | 0.11% |
| 2094 | 0.63% | 0.13% |
| 2093 | 0.67% | 0.15% |
| 2092 | 0.68% | 0.17% |
| 2091 | 0.74% | 0.19% |
| 2090 | 0.75% | 0.21% |
| 2089 | 0.74% | 0.23% |
| 2088 | 0.8% | 0.25% |
| 2087 | 0.81% | 0.28% |
| 2086 | 0.86% | 0.3% |
| 2085 | 0.89% | 0.32% |
| 2084 | 0.91% | 0.35% |
| 2083 | 0.9% | 0.37% |
| 2082 | 0.99% | 0.39% |
| 2081 | 1% | 0.42% |
| 2080 | 1.04% | 0.45% |
| 2079 | 1.08% | 0.47% |
| 2078 | 1.08% | 0.5% |
| 2077 | 1.1% | 0.52% |
| 2076 | 1.14% | 0.55% |
| 2075 | 1.15% | 0.58% |
| 2074 | 1.2% | 0.6% |
| 2073 | 1.25% | 0.63% |
| 2072 | 1.26% | 0.65% |
| 2071 | 1.27% | 0.68% |
| 2070 | 1.3% | 0.71% |
| 2069 | 1.33% | 0.73% |
| 2068 | 1.33% | 0.76% |
| 2067 | 1.43% | 0.79% |
| 2066 | 1.44% | 0.81% |
| 2065 | 1.52% | 0.84% |
| 2064 | 1.52% | 0.87% |
| 2063 | 1.55% | 0.89% |
| 2062 | 1.58% | 0.92% |
| 2061 | 1.68% | 0.94% |
| 2060 | 1.72% | 0.97% |
| 2059 | 1.72% | 0.99% |
| 2058 | 1.75% | 1.02% |
| 2057 | 1.8% | 1.05% |
| 2056 | 1.86% | 1.07% |
| 2055 | 1.86% | 1.1% |
| 2054 | 1.91% | 1.13% |
| 2053 | 1.95% | 1.16% |
| 2052 | 1.99% | 1.19% |
| 2051 | 2.02% | 1.22% |
| 2050 | 2.02% | 1.25% |
| 2049 | 2.12% | 1.28% |
| 2048 | 2.1% | 1.32% |
| 2047 | 2.14% | 1.35% |
| 2046 | 2.21% | 1.39% |
| 2045 | 2.19% | 1.43% |
| 2044 | 2.27% | 1.47% |
| 2043 | 2.3% | 1.51% |
| 2042 | 2.34% | 1.54% |
| 2041 | 2.31% | 1.59% |
| 2040 | 2.42% | 1.63% |
| 2039 | 2.46% | 1.66% |
| 2038 | 2.51% | 1.7% |
| 2037 | 2.58% | 1.74% |
| 2036 | 2.57% | 1.77% |
| 2035 | 2.62% | 1.81% |
| 2034 | 2.71% | 1.84% |
| 2033 | 2.78% | 1.88% |
| 2032 | 2.84% | 1.91% |
| 2031 | 2.86% | 1.94% |
| 2030 | 2.93% | 1.97% |
| 2029 | 3% | 2% |
| 2028 | 3.06% | 2.02% |
| 2027 | 2.64% | 2.05% |
| 2026 | 2.66% | 2.08% |
| 2025 | 4.31% | 2.09% |
| 2024 | 5.07% | 2.1% |
| 2023 | 4.68% | 2.12% |
| 2022 | 3.52% | 2.11% |
| 2021 | 3.5% | 2.12% |
| 2020 | 3.23% | 2.15% |
| 2019 | 3.27% | 2.22% |
| 2018 | 3.42% | 2.34% |
| 2017 | 3.36% | 2.46% |
| 2016 | 3.19% | 2.5% |
| 2015 | 3.23% | 2.57% |
| 2014 | 3.63% | 2.68% |
| 2013 | 3.63% | 2.75% |
| 2012 | 3.58% | 2.81% |
| 2011 | 3.59% | 2.84% |
| 2010 | 3.52% | 2.83% |
| 2009 | 3.64% | 2.83% |
| 2008 | 3.56% | 2.82% |
| 2007 | 3.5% | 2.81% |
| 2006 | 3.66% | 2.8% |
| 2005 | 4.11% | 2.81% |
| 2004 | 4.56% | 2.81% |
| 2003 | 4.08% | 2.8% |
| 2002 | 3.54% | 2.78% |
| 2001 | 3.43% | 2.75% |
| 2000 | 3.52% | 2.71% |
| 1999 | 3.58% | 2.67% |
| 1998 | 3.5% | 2.65% |
| 1997 | 3.51% | 2.64% |
| 1996 | 4.53% | 2.65% |
| 1995 | 4.51% | 2.67% |
| 1994 | 2.33% | 2.68% |
| 1993 | 2.39% | 2.69% |
| 1992 | 4.33% | 2.66% |
| 1991 | 3.72% | 2.68% |
| 1990 | 2.81% | 2.74% |
| 1989 | 3.45% | 2.73% |
| 1988 | 3.44% | 2.71% |
| 1987 | 3.57% | 2.7% |
| 1986 | 3.04% | 2.75% |
| 1985 | 1.01% | 2.87% |
| 1984 | 1.33% | 2.6% |
| 1983 | 5.08% | 2.63% |
| 1982 | 4.81% | 3.04% |
| 1981 | 0.12% | 3.12% |
| 1980 | 0.22% | 3.17% |
| 1979 | 2.13% | 3.13% |
| 1978 | 1.84% | 3.11% |
| 1977 | 1.89% | 3.03% |
| 1976 | 2.02% | 2.91% |
| 1975 | 2.18% | 2.81% |
| 1974 | 2.32% | 2.66% |
| 1973 | 2.38% | 2.53% |
| 1972 | 2.26% | 2.42% |
| 1971 | 2.13% | 2.36% |
| 1970 | 2.1% | 2.31% |
| 1969 | 2.04% | 2.24% |
| 1968 | 1.99% | 2.18% |
| 1967 | 1.96% | 2.16% |
| 1966 | 1.98% | 2.2% |
| 1965 | 2.02% | 2.19% |
| 1964 | 2.05% | 2.16% |
| 1963 | 2.06% | 2.15% |
| 1962 | 2.05% | 2.12% |
| 1961 | 2.04% | 2.08% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1961–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/chad/nigeria | CC BY
In 2024, the population of Chad grew by 5.07%, while Nigeria's population grew by 2.1%.
Live population counters
|
Chad
|
Nigeria
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
21893857
|
243824469
|
| Population rank | 64/197 | 6/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.26% | 2.94% |
| One net population change |
32.2 seconds
|
6.58 seconds
|
| One birth every |
38.5 seconds
|
4.2 seconds
|
| One death every |
2.47 minutes
|
11.8 seconds
|
| Daily growth/decline | +2,685 | +13,141 |
| Annual growth/decline | +980,059 | +4,796,533 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +5.07% | +2.1% |
| Population growth rate rank | 2/197 | 48/197 |
| One migration net change every |
4.28 minutes
|
34.5 minutes
|
| Annual migration change | -123,104 | -15,258 |
| Net migration rank | 184/196 | 145/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 1,269,673 | 1,403,281 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 50/195 | 49/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 6.3% | 0.6% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 83/195 | 173/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Chad
|
Nigeria
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | -123,104 | - | -15,258 |
| 2024 | - | 204,040 | - | -35,202 |
| 2023 | 605,924 | 496,830 | 4,834,309 | -57,936 |
| 2022 | 588,060 | 36,670 | 4,739,502 | -51,680 |
| 2021 | 554,851 | 74,509 | 4,641,562 | -86,115 |
| 2020 | 541,234 | 36,605 | 4,525,164 | -14,497 |
| 2019 | 530,540 | -29,451 | 4,609,941 | -99,722 |
| 2018 | 509,642 | 46,661 | 4,659,898 | -76,565 |
| 2017 | 494,304 | 16,916 | 4,706,183 | 78,685 |
| 2016 | 483,442 | 21,540 | 4,761,594 | 75,265 |
| 2015 | 478,010 | -48,918 | 4,823,045 | -116,162 |
| 2014 | 467,957 | 20,842 | 4,862,319 | -19,376 |
| 2013 | 454,517 | 51,887 | 4,811,751 | 40,201 |
| 2012 | 444,246 | 9,514 | 4,774,508 | 71,138 |
| 2011 | 428,989 | 29,256 | 4,728,363 | 67,808 |
| 2010 | 416,177 | 10,427 | 4,629,173 | 47,966 |
| 2009 | 401,937 | 9,108 | 4,528,149 | -18,422 |
| 2008 | 387,439 | 36,446 | 4,412,976 | -13,646 |
| 2007 | 376,732 | -11,339 | 4,265,428 | -9,162 |
| 2006 | 362,027 | 23,052 | 4,135,703 | -12,093 |
| 2005 | 352,302 | 19,281 | 4,013,788 | -17,146 |
| 2004 | 334,136 | 110,387 | 3,877,376 | 46,370 |
| 2003 | 314,740 | 105,140 | 3,751,120 | 33,857 |
| 2002 | 302,995 | 20,400 | 3,606,814 | 69,594 |
| 2001 | 297,254 | 3,484 | 3,478,370 | 64,163 |
| 2000 | 287,173 | -3,845 | 3,343,196 | 74,535 |
| 1999 | 278,264 | 17,175 | 3,155,425 | 97,195 |
| 1998 | 270,055 | 2,232 | 3,003,946 | 145,575 |
| 1997 | 261,030 | 3,631 | 2,936,500 | 96,885 |
| 1996 | 254,589 | 1,259 | 2,882,205 | 84,448 |
| 1995 | 234,010 | 152,232 | 2,830,771 | 73,243 |
| 1994 | 223,996 | 986 | 2,735,198 | 128,134 |
| 1993 | 229,984 | -146,386 | 2,673,675 | 90,200 |
| 1992 | 219,348 | 6,013 | 2,596,173 | 138,412 |
| 1991 | 200,102 | 112,492 | 2,527,807 | 42,760 |
| 1990 | 191,959 | -58,884 | 2,491,928 | 135,959 |
| 1989 | 188,485 | 4,924 | 2,452,324 | 99,588 |
| 1988 | 178,489 | 16,085 | 2,376,419 | 93,510 |
| 1987 | 156,797 | 23,220 | 2,322,397 | 64,418 |
| 1986 | 152,360 | 42,093 | 2,295,003 | 29,682 |
| 1985 | 145,845 | -30,686 | 2,289,784 | 61,514 |
| 1984 | 151,511 | -164,489 | 2,278,060 | 113,758 |
| 1983 | 144,684 | 247 | 2,292,089 | -507,539 |
| 1982 | 119,121 | 217,242 | 2,233,401 | 101,116 |
| 1981 | 111,907 | -13,232 | 2,179,884 | 106,723 |
| 1980 | 122,468 | -210,126 | 2,121,618 | 198,672 |
| 1979 | 117,780 | -9,974 | 2,074,807 | 137,721 |
| 1978 | 115,084 | -34,856 | 2,019,621 | 111,258 |
| 1977 | 113,498 | -34,318 | 1,923,917 | 129,075 |
| 1976 | 111,324 | -29,755 | 1,827,289 | 72,889 |
| 1975 | 109,315 | -22,768 | 1,718,623 | 75,603 |
| 1974 | 106,898 | -15,686 | 1,624,813 | 44,281 |
| 1973 | 104,418 | -10,737 | 1,525,485 | -618 |
| 1972 | 101,142 | -9,526 | 1,448,928 | -12,962 |
| 1971 | 89,404 | -9,153 | 1,373,896 | -35,639 |
| 1970 | 87,660 | -8,931 | 1,295,507 | 7,953 |
| 1969 | 83,413 | -8,714 | 1,213,484 | 6,912 |
| 1968 | 79,465 | -8,396 | 1,168,254 | 9,615 |
| 1967 | 76,142 | -7,771 | 1,082,884 | 18,683 |
| 1966 | 73,123 | -6,283 | 1,095,582 | 12,513 |
| 1965 | 70,913 | -4,384 | 1,061,840 | 32,988 |
| 1964 | 69,483 | -2,518 | 1,028,272 | 26,411 |
| 1963 | 67,414 | -1,228 | 995,116 | 27,115 |
| 1962 | 65,312 | -890 | 966,452 | 27,906 |
| 1961 | 63,639 | -760 | 932,111 | 25,515 |
| 1960 | 62,003 | -672 | 901,301 | 12,131 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/chad/nigeria | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 88.7% of the population change in Chad is from natural causes (a gain of 5,253,964 people) and 11.3% is from migration (a gain of 672,204 people). In Nigeria 99.2% is from natural causes (a gain of 47,163,517 people) and 0.77% is from migration (a loss of 368,103 people).
As of 2024, 1,269,673 residents or 6.3% of the population were not native-born in Chad, compared to 1,403,281 people or 0.6% in Nigeria.
Biggest cities by population
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Population differences between Chad and Nigeria
|
Chad
|
Nigeria
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 55.6 years | 55 years |
| Average age | 21.2 years | 23.4 years |
| Median age | 16.8 years | 19 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 50.2:49.8 | 50.6:49.4 |
| Fertility rate | 6.12 births per woman | 4.48 births per woman |
| Population density | 44.7 ppl/mi² | 690 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20).
GeoRank.org/population/chad/nigeria | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-02-08)
Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.