The latest officially reported population of Chad was 20,299,123 in 2024 vs 100,987,686 people in Vietnam in 2024. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Chad's population is 21,893,857 people compared to 102,365,351 in Vietnam.
Population statistics:
- Vietnam's population is 4.68 times bigger than Chad's.
- Chad is ranked the 64th most populous country in the world, while Vietnam is the 16th.
- The countries together account for 1.5% of the world: 0.26% for Chad vs 1.24% for Vietnam.
- For the last 10 years, Chad has had an average growth rate of +3.65% per year vs +0.99% in Vietnam.
- Since 2006, the population of Chad has increased from 10.7M people to 21.9M (104.5% growth), while Vietnam has grown from 82.2M to 102M (24.6% growth).
Chad vs Vietnam: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Chad
|
Vietnam
|
|
| 2100 | 70,884,357 | 92,239,801 |
| 2099 | 70,557,567 | 92,735,968 |
| 2098 | 70,230,207 | 93,227,318 |
| 2097 | 69,842,152 | 93,703,343 |
| 2096 | 69,451,196 | 94,178,675 |
| 2095 | 69,060,721 | 94,640,859 |
| 2094 | 68,666,177 | 95,098,747 |
| 2093 | 68,236,720 | 95,558,233 |
| 2092 | 67,782,173 | 96,015,030 |
| 2091 | 67,325,804 | 96,474,248 |
| 2090 | 66,831,262 | 96,938,026 |
| 2089 | 66,335,362 | 97,399,661 |
| 2088 | 65,849,776 | 97,858,300 |
| 2087 | 65,329,155 | 98,324,127 |
| 2086 | 64,802,341 | 98,788,452 |
| 2085 | 64,247,517 | 99,249,444 |
| 2084 | 63,683,201 | 99,710,990 |
| 2083 | 63,107,011 | 100,178,339 |
| 2082 | 62,546,281 | 100,650,389 |
| 2081 | 61,935,077 | 101,120,279 |
| 2080 | 61,322,770 | 101,584,408 |
| 2079 | 60,689,500 | 102,046,677 |
| 2078 | 60,041,413 | 102,496,244 |
| 2077 | 59,398,544 | 102,944,347 |
| 2076 | 58,750,589 | 103,374,514 |
| 2075 | 58,088,399 | 103,799,405 |
| 2074 | 57,429,638 | 104,214,107 |
| 2073 | 56,751,288 | 104,623,307 |
| 2072 | 56,050,641 | 105,022,092 |
| 2071 | 55,351,270 | 105,401,255 |
| 2070 | 54,656,129 | 105,773,681 |
| 2069 | 53,956,737 | 106,126,787 |
| 2068 | 53,248,745 | 106,471,025 |
| 2067 | 52,550,963 | 106,811,324 |
| 2066 | 51,808,021 | 107,143,716 |
| 2065 | 51,071,215 | 107,459,475 |
| 2064 | 50,307,695 | 107,761,108 |
| 2063 | 49,556,347 | 108,055,355 |
| 2062 | 48,797,884 | 108,339,650 |
| 2061 | 48,036,580 | 108,607,597 |
| 2060 | 47,241,459 | 108,859,065 |
| 2059 | 46,442,418 | 109,104,391 |
| 2058 | 45,655,034 | 109,337,395 |
| 2057 | 44,870,896 | 109,546,926 |
| 2056 | 44,078,534 | 109,732,352 |
| 2055 | 43,275,519 | 109,903,830 |
| 2054 | 42,486,590 | 110,052,946 |
| 2053 | 41,688,608 | 110,173,868 |
| 2052 | 40,889,772 | 110,270,266 |
| 2051 | 40,092,484 | 110,338,539 |
| 2050 | 39,299,495 | 110,361,987 |
| 2049 | 38,521,793 | 110,356,819 |
| 2048 | 37,723,298 | 110,313,849 |
| 2047 | 36,947,445 | 110,228,852 |
| 2046 | 36,172,851 | 110,108,051 |
| 2045 | 35,391,232 | 109,943,449 |
| 2044 | 34,632,170 | 109,748,671 |
| 2043 | 33,864,845 | 109,514,717 |
| 2042 | 33,104,772 | 109,242,604 |
| 2041 | 32,347,709 | 108,936,706 |
| 2040 | 31,617,805 | 108,611,523 |
| 2039 | 30,871,258 | 108,254,640 |
| 2038 | 30,129,880 | 107,877,983 |
| 2037 | 29,393,074 | 107,480,286 |
| 2036 | 28,653,774 | 107,075,099 |
| 2035 | 27,935,849 | 106,647,378 |
| 2034 | 27,223,833 | 106,206,100 |
| 2033 | 26,506,530 | 105,762,219 |
| 2032 | 25,790,343 | 105,299,476 |
| 2031 | 25,078,386 | 104,826,346 |
| 2030 | 24,381,060 | 104,330,461 |
| 2029 | 23,686,105 | 103,835,790 |
| 2028 | 22,995,214 | 103,316,499 |
| 2027 | 22,312,346 | 102,775,814 |
| 2026 | 21,738,687 | 102,213,157 |
| 2025 | 21,174,977 | 101,614,413 |
| 2024 | 20,299,123 | 100,987,686 |
| 2023 | 19,319,064 | 100,352,192 |
| 2022 | 18,455,316 | 99,680,655 |
| 2021 | 17,828,273 | 98,935,098 |
| 2020 | 17,224,679 | 98,079,191 |
| 2019 | 16,685,223 | 97,173,776 |
| 2018 | 16,156,531 | 96,237,319 |
| 2017 | 15,622,759 | 95,176,977 |
| 2016 | 15,114,655 | 94,000,117 |
| 2015 | 14,647,621 | 92,823,254 |
| 2014 | 14,188,678 | 91,679,578 |
| 2013 | 13,691,079 | 90,573,104 |
| 2012 | 13,210,998 | 89,510,356 |
| 2011 | 12,754,997 | 88,468,314 |
| 2010 | 12,312,575 | 87,455,152 |
| 2009 | 11,893,754 | 86,460,018 |
| 2008 | 11,476,296 | 85,175,788 |
| 2007 | 11,081,660 | 83,633,375 |
| 2006 | 10,706,424 | 82,167,897 |
| 2005 | 10,328,092 | 81,088,313 |
| 2004 | 9,920,036 | 80,338,971 |
| 2003 | 9,487,833 | 79,563,777 |
| 2002 | 9,116,192 | 78,772,224 |
| 2001 | 8,804,124 | 77,969,361 |
| 2000 | 8,512,093 | 77,154,011 |
| 1999 | 8,222,705 | 76,287,452 |
| 1998 | 7,938,840 | 75,299,660 |
| 1997 | 7,670,366 | 74,226,889 |
| 1996 | 7,410,108 | 73,156,447 |
| 1995 | 7,089,064 | 72,049,940 |
| 1994 | 6,783,450 | 70,854,391 |
| 1993 | 6,629,146 | 69,586,384 |
| 1992 | 6,474,656 | 68,260,337 |
| 1991 | 6,205,676 | 66,891,775 |
| 1990 | 5,982,833 | 65,504,552 |
| 1989 | 5,819,586 | 64,147,348 |
| 1988 | 5,625,602 | 62,843,228 |
| 1987 | 5,438,309 | 61,584,651 |
| 1986 | 5,251,069 | 60,347,048 |
| 1985 | 5,096,269 | 59,060,622 |
| 1984 | 5,045,145 | 57,706,067 |
| 1983 | 4,979,130 | 56,337,921 |
| 1982 | 4,738,483 | 55,011,289 |
| 1981 | 4,520,959 | 53,738,141 |
| 1980 | 4,515,453 | 52,490,101 |
| 1979 | 4,505,384 | 51,378,211 |
| 1978 | 4,411,366 | 50,249,552 |
| 1977 | 4,331,667 | 48,954,872 |
| 1976 | 4,251,297 | 47,684,931 |
| 1975 | 4,167,234 | 46,482,903 |
| 1974 | 4,078,356 | 45,413,537 |
| 1973 | 3,985,909 | 44,409,861 |
| 1972 | 3,893,252 | 43,429,168 |
| 1971 | 3,807,316 | 42,449,276 |
| 1970 | 3,727,828 | 41,475,230 |
| 1969 | 3,651,113 | 40,582,096 |
| 1968 | 3,578,231 | 39,734,609 |
| 1967 | 3,508,512 | 38,895,080 |
| 1966 | 3,440,903 | 38,024,836 |
| 1965 | 3,374,220 | 37,129,656 |
| 1964 | 3,307,479 | 36,201,563 |
| 1963 | 3,240,905 | 35,249,101 |
| 1962 | 3,175,598 | 34,288,560 |
| 1961 | 3,111,947 | 33,409,059 |
| 1960 | 3,049,838 | 32,531,933 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/chad/vietnam | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Chad increased by 4,408,231 people (a 41.2% growth), while Vietnam gained 11,832,220 people (a 14.4% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Chad gained 6,779,202 people (a 44.9% growth), while Vietnam's population increased by 8,365,234 people (a 8.9% growth).
Chad was ranked 76th most populous country in 2006 and is 64th in 2026. Vietnam was ranked 15th in 2006 and ranked 16th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Chad's population will grow by 79.5% to 39,299,495 people with a rank change from 64th to 52nd. The population of Vietnam will increase by 7.81% to 110,361,987 people and will still be ranked 16th.
Chad is projected to reach its peak in 2100 at 70.9M people compared to the peak of 110M people in 2050 for Vietnam.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Chad
|
Vietnam
|
|
| 2100 | 0.46% | -0.54% |
| 2099 | 0.47% | -0.53% |
| 2098 | 0.56% | -0.51% |
| 2097 | 0.56% | -0.5% |
| 2096 | 0.57% | -0.49% |
| 2095 | 0.57% | -0.48% |
| 2094 | 0.63% | -0.48% |
| 2093 | 0.67% | -0.48% |
| 2092 | 0.68% | -0.48% |
| 2091 | 0.74% | -0.48% |
| 2090 | 0.75% | -0.47% |
| 2089 | 0.74% | -0.47% |
| 2088 | 0.8% | -0.47% |
| 2087 | 0.81% | -0.47% |
| 2086 | 0.86% | -0.46% |
| 2085 | 0.89% | -0.46% |
| 2084 | 0.91% | -0.47% |
| 2083 | 0.9% | -0.47% |
| 2082 | 0.99% | -0.46% |
| 2081 | 1% | -0.46% |
| 2080 | 1.04% | -0.45% |
| 2079 | 1.08% | -0.44% |
| 2078 | 1.08% | -0.44% |
| 2077 | 1.1% | -0.42% |
| 2076 | 1.14% | -0.41% |
| 2075 | 1.15% | -0.4% |
| 2074 | 1.2% | -0.39% |
| 2073 | 1.25% | -0.38% |
| 2072 | 1.26% | -0.36% |
| 2071 | 1.27% | -0.35% |
| 2070 | 1.3% | -0.33% |
| 2069 | 1.33% | -0.32% |
| 2068 | 1.33% | -0.32% |
| 2067 | 1.43% | -0.31% |
| 2066 | 1.44% | -0.29% |
| 2065 | 1.52% | -0.28% |
| 2064 | 1.52% | -0.27% |
| 2063 | 1.55% | -0.26% |
| 2062 | 1.58% | -0.25% |
| 2061 | 1.68% | -0.23% |
| 2060 | 1.72% | -0.22% |
| 2059 | 1.72% | -0.21% |
| 2058 | 1.75% | -0.19% |
| 2057 | 1.8% | -0.17% |
| 2056 | 1.86% | -0.16% |
| 2055 | 1.86% | -0.14% |
| 2054 | 1.91% | -0.11% |
| 2053 | 1.95% | -0.09% |
| 2052 | 1.99% | -0.06% |
| 2051 | 2.02% | -0.02% |
| 2050 | 2.02% | 0.005% |
| 2049 | 2.12% | 0.04% |
| 2048 | 2.1% | 0.08% |
| 2047 | 2.14% | 0.11% |
| 2046 | 2.21% | 0.15% |
| 2045 | 2.19% | 0.18% |
| 2044 | 2.27% | 0.21% |
| 2043 | 2.3% | 0.25% |
| 2042 | 2.34% | 0.28% |
| 2041 | 2.31% | 0.3% |
| 2040 | 2.42% | 0.33% |
| 2039 | 2.46% | 0.35% |
| 2038 | 2.51% | 0.37% |
| 2037 | 2.58% | 0.38% |
| 2036 | 2.57% | 0.4% |
| 2035 | 2.62% | 0.42% |
| 2034 | 2.71% | 0.42% |
| 2033 | 2.78% | 0.44% |
| 2032 | 2.84% | 0.45% |
| 2031 | 2.86% | 0.48% |
| 2030 | 2.93% | 0.48% |
| 2029 | 3% | 0.5% |
| 2028 | 3.06% | 0.53% |
| 2027 | 2.64% | 0.55% |
| 2026 | 2.66% | 0.59% |
| 2025 | 4.31% | 0.62% |
| 2024 | 5.07% | 0.63% |
| 2023 | 4.68% | 0.67% |
| 2022 | 3.52% | 0.75% |
| 2021 | 3.5% | 0.87% |
| 2020 | 3.23% | 0.93% |
| 2019 | 3.27% | 0.97% |
| 2018 | 3.42% | 1.11% |
| 2017 | 3.36% | 1.25% |
| 2016 | 3.19% | 1.27% |
| 2015 | 3.23% | 1.25% |
| 2014 | 3.63% | 1.22% |
| 2013 | 3.63% | 1.19% |
| 2012 | 3.58% | 1.18% |
| 2011 | 3.59% | 1.16% |
| 2010 | 3.52% | 1.15% |
| 2009 | 3.64% | 1.51% |
| 2008 | 3.56% | 1.84% |
| 2007 | 3.5% | 1.78% |
| 2006 | 3.66% | 1.33% |
| 2005 | 4.11% | 0.93% |
| 2004 | 4.56% | 0.97% |
| 2003 | 4.08% | 1% |
| 2002 | 3.54% | 1.03% |
| 2001 | 3.43% | 1.06% |
| 2000 | 3.52% | 1.14% |
| 1999 | 3.58% | 1.31% |
| 1998 | 3.5% | 1.45% |
| 1997 | 3.51% | 1.46% |
| 1996 | 4.53% | 1.54% |
| 1995 | 4.51% | 1.69% |
| 1994 | 2.33% | 1.82% |
| 1993 | 2.39% | 1.94% |
| 1992 | 4.33% | 2.05% |
| 1991 | 3.72% | 2.12% |
| 1990 | 2.81% | 2.12% |
| 1989 | 3.45% | 2.08% |
| 1988 | 3.44% | 2.04% |
| 1987 | 3.57% | 2.05% |
| 1986 | 3.04% | 2.18% |
| 1985 | 1.01% | 2.35% |
| 1984 | 1.33% | 2.43% |
| 1983 | 5.08% | 2.41% |
| 1982 | 4.81% | 2.37% |
| 1981 | 0.12% | 2.38% |
| 1980 | 0.22% | 2.16% |
| 1979 | 2.13% | 2.25% |
| 1978 | 1.84% | 2.64% |
| 1977 | 1.89% | 2.66% |
| 1976 | 2.02% | 2.59% |
| 1975 | 2.18% | 2.35% |
| 1974 | 2.32% | 2.26% |
| 1973 | 2.38% | 2.26% |
| 1972 | 2.26% | 2.31% |
| 1971 | 2.13% | 2.35% |
| 1970 | 2.1% | 2.2% |
| 1969 | 2.04% | 2.13% |
| 1968 | 1.99% | 2.16% |
| 1967 | 1.96% | 2.29% |
| 1966 | 1.98% | 2.41% |
| 1965 | 2.02% | 2.56% |
| 1964 | 2.05% | 2.7% |
| 1963 | 2.06% | 2.8% |
| 1962 | 2.05% | 2.63% |
| 1961 | 2.04% | 2.7% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1961–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/chad/vietnam | CC BY
In 2024, the population of Chad grew by 5.07%, while Vietnam's population grew by 0.63%.
Live population counters
|
Chad
|
Vietnam
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
21893857
|
102365351
|
| Population rank | 64/197 | 16/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.26% | 1.24% |
| One net population change |
32.2 seconds
|
49.6 seconds
|
| One birth every |
38.5 seconds
|
22.7 seconds
|
| One death every |
2.47 minutes
|
47.8 seconds
|
| Daily growth/decline | +2,685 | +1,741 |
| Annual growth/decline | +980,059 | +635,494 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +5.07% | +0.63% |
| Population growth rate rank | 2/197 | 123/197 |
| One migration net change every |
4.28 minutes
|
10.9 minutes
|
| Annual migration change | -123,104 | -48,171 |
| Net migration rank | 184/196 | 174/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 1,269,673 | 326,418 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 50/195 | 95/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 6.3% | 0.3% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 83/195 | 185/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Chad
|
Vietnam
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | -123,104 | - | -48,171 |
| 2024 | - | 204,040 | - | -59,645 |
| 2023 | 605,924 | 496,830 | 727,955 | -81,789 |
| 2022 | 588,060 | 36,670 | 775,914 | -78,977 |
| 2021 | 554,851 | 74,509 | 799,593 | -5,418 |
| 2020 | 541,234 | 36,605 | 924,004 | -6,457 |
| 2019 | 530,540 | -29,451 | 895,262 | -2,051 |
| 2018 | 509,642 | 46,661 | 882,977 | 96,650 |
| 2017 | 494,304 | 16,916 | 1,001,833 | 139,245 |
| 2016 | 483,442 | 21,540 | 1,045,094 | 167,652 |
| 2015 | 478,010 | -48,918 | 1,145,903 | -4,888 |
| 2014 | 467,957 | 20,842 | 1,151,221 | -4,894 |
| 2013 | 454,517 | 51,887 | 1,071,570 | -4,979 |
| 2012 | 444,246 | 9,514 | 1,063,741 | -4,851 |
| 2011 | 428,989 | 29,256 | 1,029,859 | -4,602 |
| 2010 | 416,177 | 10,427 | 1,005,559 | -4,443 |
| 2009 | 401,937 | 9,108 | 1,007,778 | -18,560 |
| 2008 | 387,439 | 36,446 | 1,008,141 | 571,113 |
| 2007 | 376,732 | -11,339 | 981,689 | 523,784 |
| 2006 | 362,027 | 23,052 | 943,041 | 482,399 |
| 2005 | 352,302 | 19,281 | 942,084 | -208,337 |
| 2004 | 334,136 | 110,387 | 985,438 | -220,458 |
| 2003 | 314,740 | 105,140 | 1,001,470 | -216,062 |
| 2002 | 302,995 | 20,400 | 991,427 | -193,766 |
| 2001 | 297,254 | 3,484 | 985,610 | -177,586 |
| 2000 | 287,173 | -3,845 | 966,894 | -144,298 |
| 1999 | 278,264 | 17,175 | 925,519 | -15,010 |
| 1998 | 270,055 | 2,232 | 959,016 | 106,091 |
| 1997 | 261,030 | 3,631 | 1,028,116 | 52,382 |
| 1996 | 254,589 | 1,259 | 1,108,686 | -48,235 |
| 1995 | 234,010 | 152,232 | 1,203,666 | -51,147 |
| 1994 | 223,996 | 986 | 1,291,534 | -53,012 |
| 1993 | 229,984 | -146,386 | 1,370,365 | -72,931 |
| 1992 | 219,348 | 6,013 | 1,419,952 | -65,285 |
| 1991 | 200,102 | 112,492 | 1,459,311 | -76,829 |
| 1990 | 191,959 | -58,884 | 1,449,157 | -57,221 |
| 1989 | 188,485 | 4,924 | 1,423,622 | -101,113 |
| 1988 | 178,489 | 16,085 | 1,370,108 | -84,361 |
| 1987 | 156,797 | 23,220 | 1,359,481 | -128,095 |
| 1986 | 152,360 | 42,093 | 1,407,957 | -164,183 |
| 1985 | 145,845 | -30,686 | 1,453,954 | -124,910 |
| 1984 | 151,511 | -164,489 | 1,477,448 | -97,339 |
| 1983 | 144,684 | 247 | 1,453,913 | -97,706 |
| 1982 | 119,121 | 217,242 | 1,407,959 | -110,901 |
| 1981 | 111,907 | -13,232 | 1,358,500 | -109,259 |
| 1980 | 122,468 | -210,126 | 1,321,595 | -74,791 |
| 1979 | 117,780 | -9,974 | 1,314,563 | -337,597 |
| 1978 | 115,084 | -34,856 | 1,286,991 | -6,592 |
| 1977 | 113,498 | -34,318 | 1,259,315 | 49,655 |
| 1976 | 111,324 | -29,755 | 1,232,608 | -1,733 |
| 1975 | 109,315 | -22,768 | 1,175,181 | -2,010 |
| 1974 | 106,898 | -15,686 | 1,000,505 | -34,940 |
| 1973 | 104,418 | -10,737 | 1,061,707 | -19,937 |
| 1972 | 101,142 | -9,526 | 921,524 | -1,920 |
| 1971 | 89,404 | -9,153 | 963,259 | 76,961 |
| 1970 | 87,660 | -8,931 | 905,902 | 1,997 |
| 1969 | 83,413 | -8,714 | 878,359 | 0 |
| 1968 | 79,465 | -8,396 | 815,116 | 1,489 |
| 1967 | 76,142 | -7,771 | 862,071 | 394 |
| 1966 | 73,123 | -6,283 | 876,283 | 1,769 |
| 1965 | 70,913 | -4,384 | 913,761 | -1,438 |
| 1964 | 69,483 | -2,518 | 950,219 | -6,328 |
| 1963 | 67,414 | -1,228 | 961,067 | 0 |
| 1962 | 65,312 | -890 | 960,046 | 0 |
| 1961 | 63,639 | -760 | 798,978 | 0 |
| 1960 | 62,003 | -672 | 955,268 | 0 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/chad/vietnam | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 88.7% of the population change in Chad is from natural causes (a gain of 5,253,964 people) and 11.3% is from migration (a gain of 672,204 people). In Vietnam 97.7% is from natural causes (a gain of 9,349,756 people) and 2.29% is from migration (a gain of 219,073 people).
As of 2024, 1,269,673 residents or 6.3% of the population were not native-born in Chad, compared to 326,418 people or 0.3% in Vietnam.
Biggest cities by population
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Population differences between Chad and Vietnam
|
Chad
|
Vietnam
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 55.6 years | 75 years |
| Average age | 21.2 years | 34.6 years |
| Median age | 16.8 years | 33.9 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 50.2:49.8 | 49:51 |
| Fertility rate | 6.12 births per woman | 1.91 births per woman |
| Population density | 44.7 ppl/mi² | 845 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20).
GeoRank.org/population/chad/vietnam | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-02-08)
Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.