The latest officially reported population of Bahrain was 1,588,670 in 2024 vs 35,300,280 people in Saudi Arabia in 2024. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Bahrain's population is 1,669,503 people compared to 36,734,925 in Saudi Arabia.
Population statistics:
- Saudi Arabia's population is 22 times bigger than Bahrain's.
- Bahrain is ranked the 151st most populous country in the world, while Saudi Arabia is the 44th.
- The countries together account for 0.46% of the world: 0.02% for Bahrain vs 0.44% for Saudi Arabia.
- For the last 10 years, Bahrain has had an average growth rate of +2.2% per year vs +2.3% in Saudi Arabia.
- Since 2006, the population of Bahrain has increased from 960K people to 1.67M (73.8% growth), while Saudi Arabia has grown from 21.5M to 36.7M (71.2% growth).
Bahrain vs Saudi Arabia: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
| 2100 | 3,082,127 | 74,230,118 |
| 2099 | 3,062,381 | 73,760,045 |
| 2098 | 3,042,626 | 73,287,526 |
| 2097 | 3,022,907 | 72,813,125 |
| 2096 | 3,003,249 | 72,336,039 |
| 2095 | 2,983,633 | 71,858,206 |
| 2094 | 2,964,048 | 71,379,928 |
| 2093 | 2,944,524 | 70,900,460 |
| 2092 | 2,925,040 | 70,420,464 |
| 2091 | 2,905,580 | 69,940,749 |
| 2090 | 2,886,217 | 69,462,214 |
| 2089 | 2,866,951 | 68,985,976 |
| 2088 | 2,847,692 | 68,510,277 |
| 2087 | 2,828,537 | 68,035,545 |
| 2086 | 2,809,429 | 67,562,521 |
| 2085 | 2,790,308 | 67,091,615 |
| 2084 | 2,771,240 | 66,621,667 |
| 2083 | 2,752,172 | 66,152,653 |
| 2082 | 2,733,129 | 65,684,321 |
| 2081 | 2,714,131 | 65,216,102 |
| 2080 | 2,695,175 | 64,749,128 |
| 2079 | 2,676,229 | 64,282,393 |
| 2078 | 2,657,278 | 63,815,918 |
| 2077 | 2,638,324 | 63,348,712 |
| 2076 | 2,619,372 | 62,880,120 |
| 2075 | 2,600,364 | 62,409,793 |
| 2074 | 2,581,289 | 61,937,628 |
| 2073 | 2,562,193 | 61,462,662 |
| 2072 | 2,543,097 | 60,984,202 |
| 2071 | 2,523,937 | 60,502,791 |
| 2070 | 2,504,829 | 60,018,216 |
| 2069 | 2,485,696 | 59,529,456 |
| 2068 | 2,466,554 | 59,036,086 |
| 2067 | 2,447,412 | 58,539,487 |
| 2066 | 2,428,336 | 58,039,687 |
| 2065 | 2,409,347 | 57,537,106 |
| 2064 | 2,390,392 | 57,032,172 |
| 2063 | 2,371,501 | 56,524,331 |
| 2062 | 2,352,705 | 56,014,549 |
| 2061 | 2,334,013 | 55,501,467 |
| 2060 | 2,315,423 | 54,986,901 |
| 2059 | 2,296,883 | 54,469,809 |
| 2058 | 2,278,395 | 53,950,469 |
| 2057 | 2,260,013 | 53,430,639 |
| 2056 | 2,241,679 | 52,909,061 |
| 2055 | 2,223,337 | 52,386,571 |
| 2054 | 2,205,001 | 51,862,312 |
| 2053 | 2,186,627 | 51,336,335 |
| 2052 | 2,168,245 | 50,809,100 |
| 2051 | 2,149,857 | 50,280,719 |
| 2050 | 2,131,404 | 49,751,739 |
| 2049 | 2,112,930 | 49,221,828 |
| 2048 | 2,094,386 | 48,690,143 |
| 2047 | 2,075,759 | 48,157,605 |
| 2046 | 2,057,011 | 47,623,246 |
| 2045 | 2,038,165 | 47,087,215 |
| 2044 | 2,019,181 | 46,550,306 |
| 2043 | 2,000,134 | 46,013,232 |
| 2042 | 1,981,020 | 45,475,200 |
| 2041 | 1,961,864 | 44,936,131 |
| 2040 | 1,942,729 | 44,396,093 |
| 2039 | 1,923,661 | 43,856,006 |
| 2038 | 1,904,631 | 43,314,707 |
| 2037 | 1,885,711 | 42,773,375 |
| 2036 | 1,866,890 | 42,231,639 |
| 2035 | 1,848,209 | 41,690,245 |
| 2034 | 1,829,691 | 41,150,029 |
| 2033 | 1,811,344 | 40,611,021 |
| 2032 | 1,793,151 | 40,073,144 |
| 2031 | 1,775,117 | 39,535,357 |
| 2030 | 1,757,225 | 38,998,581 |
| 2029 | 1,738,388 | 38,417,447 |
| 2028 | 1,716,506 | 37,810,902 |
| 2027 | 1,691,696 | 37,189,969 |
| 2026 | 1,661,275 | 36,566,201 |
| 2025 | 1,627,179 | 35,932,673 |
| 2024 | 1,588,670 | 35,300,280 |
| 2023 | 1,577,059 | 33,702,731 |
| 2022 | 1,524,693 | 32,175,224 |
| 2021 | 1,504,365 | 30,784,383 |
| 2020 | 1,472,204 | 31,552,510 |
| 2019 | 1,483,756 | 30,063,799 |
| 2018 | 1,503,091 | 30,196,281 |
| 2017 | 1,501,116 | 30,977,355 |
| 2016 | 1,423,726 | 30,954,198 |
| 2015 | 1,370,322 | 29,816,382 |
| 2014 | 1,314,562 | 28,309,273 |
| 2013 | 1,253,191 | 27,624,004 |
| 2012 | 1,208,964 | 26,168,861 |
| 2011 | 1,195,020 | 25,091,867 |
| 2010 | 1,228,543 | 23,978,487 |
| 2009 | 1,178,415 | 24,217,654 |
| 2008 | 1,103,496 | 23,287,877 |
| 2007 | 1,039,295 | 22,368,313 |
| 2006 | 960,424 | 21,459,144 |
| 2005 | 888,822 | 20,559,890 |
| 2004 | 823,741 | 19,669,480 |
| 2003 | 764,517 | 18,786,767 |
| 2002 | 710,553 | 17,910,910 |
| 2001 | 661,316 | 17,041,397 |
| 2000 | 637,582 | 16,177,722 |
| 1999 | 620,989 | 15,472,075 |
| 1998 | 604,842 | 14,922,185 |
| 1997 | 589,115 | 14,374,943 |
| 1996 | 573,792 | 13,831,009 |
| 1995 | 558,879 | 13,289,245 |
| 1994 | 544,366 | 12,750,040 |
| 1993 | 530,225 | 12,215,862 |
| 1992 | 516,458 | 11,686,676 |
| 1991 | 503,052 | 11,160,744 |
| 1990 | 514,797 | 10,640,691 |
| 1989 | 497,327 | 10,128,394 |
| 1988 | 479,929 | 9,629,165 |
| 1987 | 462,854 | 9,130,194 |
| 1986 | 446,286 | 8,628,639 |
| 1985 | 430,358 | 8,151,779 |
| 1984 | 415,154 | 7,697,307 |
| 1983 | 400,707 | 7,252,941 |
| 1982 | 386,983 | 6,824,486 |
| 1981 | 373,524 | 6,420,551 |
| 1980 | 358,978 | 6,047,997 |
| 1979 | 343,457 | 5,703,698 |
| 1978 | 328,046 | 5,381,902 |
| 1977 | 312,823 | 5,083,048 |
| 1976 | 297,863 | 4,807,933 |
| 1975 | 283,243 | 4,556,287 |
| 1974 | 269,038 | 4,323,632 |
| 1973 | 255,320 | 4,106,344 |
| 1972 | 242,113 | 3,905,722 |
| 1971 | 230,733 | 3,724,031 |
| 1970 | 224,809 | 3,562,470 |
| 1969 | 222,469 | 3,417,114 |
| 1968 | 219,337 | 3,282,711 |
| 1967 | 214,189 | 3,157,242 |
| 1966 | 207,543 | 3,039,887 |
| 1965 | 200,866 | 2,928,771 |
| 1964 | 193,816 | 2,821,968 |
| 1963 | 186,501 | 2,719,341 |
| 1962 | 179,349 | 2,620,910 |
| 1961 | 172,346 | 2,526,347 |
| 1960 | 165,477 | 2,435,403 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/bahrain/saudi-arabia | CC BY
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Bahrain increased by 463,302 people (a 48.2% growth), while Saudi Arabia gained 9,495,054 people (a 44.2% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Bahrain gained 245,777 people (a 17.3% growth), while Saudi Arabia's population increased by 5,780,727 people (a 18.7% growth).
Bahrain was ranked 157th most populous country in 2006 and is 151st in 2026. Saudi Arabia was ranked 50th in 2006 and ranked 44th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Bahrain's population will grow by 27.7% to 2,131,404 people with a rank change from 151st to 146th. The population of Saudi Arabia will increase by 35.4% to 49,751,739 people and rank change from 44th to 43rd.
Bahrain is projected to reach its peak in 2100 at 3.08M people compared to the peak of 74.2M people in 2100 for Saudi Arabia.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
| 2100 | 0.64% | 0.64% |
| 2099 | 0.65% | 0.64% |
| 2098 | 0.65% | 0.65% |
| 2097 | 0.65% | 0.66% |
| 2096 | 0.66% | 0.66% |
| 2095 | 0.66% | 0.67% |
| 2094 | 0.66% | 0.68% |
| 2093 | 0.67% | 0.68% |
| 2092 | 0.67% | 0.69% |
| 2091 | 0.67% | 0.69% |
| 2090 | 0.67% | 0.69% |
| 2089 | 0.68% | 0.69% |
| 2088 | 0.68% | 0.7% |
| 2087 | 0.68% | 0.7% |
| 2086 | 0.69% | 0.7% |
| 2085 | 0.69% | 0.71% |
| 2084 | 0.69% | 0.71% |
| 2083 | 0.7% | 0.71% |
| 2082 | 0.7% | 0.72% |
| 2081 | 0.7% | 0.72% |
| 2080 | 0.71% | 0.73% |
| 2079 | 0.71% | 0.73% |
| 2078 | 0.72% | 0.74% |
| 2077 | 0.72% | 0.75% |
| 2076 | 0.73% | 0.75% |
| 2075 | 0.74% | 0.76% |
| 2074 | 0.75% | 0.77% |
| 2073 | 0.75% | 0.78% |
| 2072 | 0.76% | 0.8% |
| 2071 | 0.76% | 0.81% |
| 2070 | 0.77% | 0.82% |
| 2069 | 0.78% | 0.84% |
| 2068 | 0.78% | 0.85% |
| 2067 | 0.79% | 0.86% |
| 2066 | 0.79% | 0.87% |
| 2065 | 0.79% | 0.89% |
| 2064 | 0.8% | 0.9% |
| 2063 | 0.8% | 0.91% |
| 2062 | 0.8% | 0.92% |
| 2061 | 0.8% | 0.94% |
| 2060 | 0.81% | 0.95% |
| 2059 | 0.81% | 0.96% |
| 2058 | 0.81% | 0.97% |
| 2057 | 0.82% | 0.99% |
| 2056 | 0.82% | 1% |
| 2055 | 0.83% | 1.01% |
| 2054 | 0.84% | 1.02% |
| 2053 | 0.85% | 1.04% |
| 2052 | 0.86% | 1.05% |
| 2051 | 0.87% | 1.06% |
| 2050 | 0.87% | 1.08% |
| 2049 | 0.89% | 1.09% |
| 2048 | 0.9% | 1.11% |
| 2047 | 0.91% | 1.12% |
| 2046 | 0.92% | 1.14% |
| 2045 | 0.94% | 1.15% |
| 2044 | 0.95% | 1.17% |
| 2043 | 0.96% | 1.18% |
| 2042 | 0.98% | 1.2% |
| 2041 | 0.98% | 1.22% |
| 2040 | 0.99% | 1.23% |
| 2039 | 1% | 1.25% |
| 2038 | 1% | 1.27% |
| 2037 | 1.01% | 1.28% |
| 2036 | 1.01% | 1.3% |
| 2035 | 1.01% | 1.31% |
| 2034 | 1.01% | 1.33% |
| 2033 | 1.01% | 1.34% |
| 2032 | 1.02% | 1.36% |
| 2031 | 1.02% | 1.38% |
| 2030 | 1.08% | 1.51% |
| 2029 | 1.27% | 1.6% |
| 2028 | 1.47% | 1.67% |
| 2027 | 1.83% | 1.71% |
| 2026 | 2.1% | 1.76% |
| 2025 | 2.42% | 1.79% |
| 2024 | 0.74% | 4.74% |
| 2023 | 3.43% | 4.75% |
| 2022 | 1.35% | 4.52% |
| 2021 | 2.18% | -2.43% |
| 2020 | -0.78% | 4.95% |
| 2019 | -1.29% | -0.44% |
| 2018 | 0.13% | -2.52% |
| 2017 | 5.44% | 0.07% |
| 2016 | 3.9% | 3.82% |
| 2015 | 4.24% | 5.32% |
| 2014 | 4.9% | 2.48% |
| 2013 | 3.66% | 5.56% |
| 2012 | 1.17% | 4.29% |
| 2011 | -2.73% | 4.64% |
| 2010 | 4.25% | -0.99% |
| 2009 | 6.79% | 3.99% |
| 2008 | 6.18% | 4.11% |
| 2007 | 8.21% | 4.24% |
| 2006 | 8.06% | 4.37% |
| 2005 | 7.9% | 4.53% |
| 2004 | 7.75% | 4.7% |
| 2003 | 7.59% | 4.89% |
| 2002 | 7.45% | 5.1% |
| 2001 | 3.72% | 5.34% |
| 2000 | 2.67% | 4.56% |
| 1999 | 2.67% | 3.69% |
| 1998 | 2.67% | 3.81% |
| 1997 | 2.67% | 3.93% |
| 1996 | 2.67% | 4.08% |
| 1995 | 2.67% | 4.23% |
| 1994 | 2.67% | 4.37% |
| 1993 | 2.67% | 4.53% |
| 1992 | 2.66% | 4.71% |
| 1991 | -2.28% | 4.89% |
| 1990 | 3.51% | 5.06% |
| 1989 | 3.63% | 5.18% |
| 1988 | 3.69% | 5.47% |
| 1987 | 3.71% | 5.81% |
| 1986 | 3.7% | 5.85% |
| 1985 | 3.66% | 5.9% |
| 1984 | 3.61% | 6.13% |
| 1983 | 3.55% | 6.28% |
| 1982 | 3.6% | 6.29% |
| 1981 | 4.05% | 6.16% |
| 1980 | 4.52% | 6.04% |
| 1979 | 4.7% | 5.98% |
| 1978 | 4.87% | 5.88% |
| 1977 | 5.02% | 5.72% |
| 1976 | 5.16% | 5.52% |
| 1975 | 5.28% | 5.38% |
| 1974 | 5.37% | 5.29% |
| 1973 | 5.45% | 5.14% |
| 1972 | 4.93% | 4.88% |
| 1971 | 2.64% | 4.54% |
| 1970 | 1.05% | 4.25% |
| 1969 | 1.43% | 4.09% |
| 1968 | 2.4% | 3.97% |
| 1967 | 3.2% | 3.86% |
| 1966 | 3.32% | 3.79% |
| 1965 | 3.64% | 3.78% |
| 1964 | 3.92% | 3.77% |
| 1963 | 3.99% | 3.76% |
| 1962 | 4.06% | 3.74% |
| 1961 | 4.15% | 3.73% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1961–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/bahrain/saudi-arabia | CC BY
In 2024, the population of Bahrain grew by 0.74%, while Saudi Arabia's population grew by 4.74%.
Live population counters
|
|
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
1669503
|
36734925
|
| Population rank | 151/197 | 44/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.02% | 0.44% |
| One net population change |
45.3 minutes
|
19.7 seconds
|
| One birth every |
26.7 minutes
|
57 seconds
|
| One death every |
2.66 hours
|
6.66 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | +32 | +4,377 |
| Annual growth/decline | +11,611 | +1,597,549 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +0.74% | +4.74% |
| Population growth rate rank | 117/197 | 4/197 |
| One migration net change every |
29.1 minutes
|
4.4 minutes
|
| Annual migration change | +18,128 | +119,738 |
| Net migration rank | 34/196 | 13/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 840,202 | 13,683,841 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 66/195 | 3/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 52.3% | 40.3% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 7/195 | 14/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | 18,128 | - | 119,738 |
| 2024 | - | 22,699 | - | 122,170 |
| 2023 | 16,356 | 20,002 | 474,366 | 325,691 |
| 2022 | 17,058 | 18,975 | 406,920 | 977,072 |
| 2021 | 15,401 | 11,882 | 409,032 | -106,287 |
| 2020 | 15,056 | -5,048 | 447,036 | -74,725 |
| 2019 | 16,639 | -31,967 | 474,407 | 191,582 |
| 2018 | 17,445 | -25,978 | 528,767 | -988,751 |
| 2017 | 18,140 | 21,958 | 546,751 | -920,812 |
| 2016 | 17,996 | 46,833 | 537,829 | -26,997 |
| 2015 | 18,193 | 36,809 | 511,023 | 465,292 |
| 2014 | 17,826 | 40,815 | 493,431 | 469,144 |
| 2013 | 17,044 | 35,574 | 475,299 | 485,794 |
| 2012 | 16,219 | 12,801 | 465,649 | 479,206 |
| 2011 | 15,990 | -26,107 | 443,675 | 491,253 |
| 2010 | 16,474 | -19,329 | 418,641 | 504,955 |
| 2009 | 15,795 | 46,467 | 438,557 | 496,229 |
| 2008 | 15,541 | 47,674 | 433,457 | 491,337 |
| 2007 | 15,393 | 47,500 | 425,199 | 489,136 |
| 2006 | 15,248 | 46,615 | 399,333 | 504,661 |
| 2005 | 15,196 | 45,682 | 375,938 | 518,565 |
| 2004 | 14,454 | 45,413 | 362,843 | 523,472 |
| 2003 | 13,243 | 45,571 | 364,520 | 514,606 |
| 2002 | 11,875 | 45,952 | 372,099 | 500,508 |
| 2001 | 10,948 | 34,371 | 382,153 | 484,252 |
| 2000 | 11,339 | 2,886 | 392,407 | 468,515 |
| 1999 | 11,397 | 3,130 | 390,112 | 160,263 |
| 1998 | 10,970 | 3,733 | 389,499 | 159,898 |
| 1997 | 10,739 | 4,036 | 385,033 | 160,066 |
| 1996 | 10,607 | 4,162 | 382,248 | 160,532 |
| 1995 | 10,824 | 3,842 | 380,231 | 160,512 |
| 1994 | 11,133 | 3,387 | 377,351 | 160,306 |
| 1993 | 11,521 | 2,850 | 372,621 | 158,074 |
| 1992 | 11,577 | 2,768 | 366,763 | 160,908 |
| 1991 | 11,491 | 4,562 | 361,329 | 162,857 |
| 1990 | 12,337 | 5,090 | 355,495 | 160,416 |
| 1989 | 12,293 | 5,220 | 349,399 | 159,273 |
| 1988 | 11,995 | 5,294 | 342,865 | 146,918 |
| 1987 | 11,709 | 5,152 | 333,088 | 175,075 |
| 1986 | 11,455 | 4,822 | 322,340 | 172,606 |
| 1985 | 10,924 | 4,657 | 310,558 | 148,208 |
| 1984 | 10,269 | 4,557 | 296,615 | 153,562 |
| 1983 | 9,821 | 4,252 | 280,616 | 157,930 |
| 1982 | 9,396 | 3,980 | 264,831 | 153,528 |
| 1981 | 9,020 | 4,523 | 249,156 | 140,355 |
| 1980 | 8,802 | 6,741 | 234,372 | 121,220 |
| 1979 | 8,587 | 6,908 | 220,186 | 112,826 |
| 1978 | 8,358 | 6,974 | 205,331 | 105,263 |
| 1977 | 8,093 | 7,017 | 191,103 | 96,015 |
| 1976 | 7,818 | 6,993 | 178,024 | 85,083 |
| 1975 | 7,535 | 6,900 | 166,223 | 73,960 |
| 1974 | 7,265 | 6,711 | 155,478 | 69,653 |
| 1973 | 7,012 | 6,450 | 145,450 | 63,995 |
| 1972 | 6,763 | 6,190 | 136,360 | 55,439 |
| 1971 | 6,650 | 3,159 | 127,600 | 43,989 |
| 1970 | 6,973 | -4,939 | 120,440 | 31,097 |
| 1969 | 7,277 | -4,638 | 113,859 | 25,312 |
| 1968 | 7,584 | -3,952 | 108,281 | 21,366 |
| 1967 | 7,492 | -829 | 103,343 | 17,947 |
| 1966 | 7,342 | -718 | 98,361 | 15,054 |
| 1965 | 7,148 | -415 | 93,820 | 15,000 |
| 1964 | 6,873 | 491 | 89,776 | 15,000 |
| 1963 | 6,557 | 714 | 85,480 | 15,000 |
| 1962 | 6,232 | 810 | 81,393 | 15,000 |
| 1961 | 5,882 | 1,076 | 77,743 | 15,000 |
| 1960 | 5,513 | 1,266 | 74,143 | 15,000 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/bahrain/saudi-arabia | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 55.9% of the population change in Bahrain is from natural causes (a gain of 170,110 people) and 44.1% is from migration (a gain of 134,281 people). In Saudi Arabia 93.9% is from natural causes (a gain of 4,829,562 people) and 6.05% is from migration (a gain of 311,209 people).
As of 2024, 840,202 residents or 52.3% of the population were not native-born in Bahrain, compared to 13,683,841 people or 40.3% in Saudi Arabia.
Biggest cities by population
|
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Manama | 298K |
| Riffa | 115K |
| Isa Town | 61.3K |
|
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Riyadh | 7.01M |
| Jeddah | 4.7M |
| Mecca | 2.43M |
| Medina | 1.41M |
| Dammam | 903K |
| Tabuk | 886K |
| Qatif | 625K |
| Jubail | 379K |
| Ha'il | 311K |
| Yanbu | 299K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between Bahrain and Saudi Arabia
|
|
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 81.7 years | 79.4 years |
| Average age | 33.3 years | 30.2 years |
| Median age | 34.2 years | 30.5 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 62:38 | 60.5:39.5 |
| Fertility rate | 1.82 births per woman | 2.28 births per woman |
| Population density | 5,378 ppl/mi² | 44.1 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20).
GeoRank.org/population/bahrain/saudi-arabia | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-02-08)
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