The latest officially reported population of Bahrain was 1,600,366 in 2025 vs 8,819,794 people in Sierra Leone in 2025. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Bahrain's population is 1,649,267 people compared to 9,090,531 in Sierra Leone.
Population statistics:
- Sierra Leone's population is 5.51 times bigger than Bahrain's.
- Bahrain is ranked the 151st most populous country in the world, while Sierra Leone is the 100th.
- The countries together account for 0.13% of the world: 0.02% for Bahrain vs 0.11% for Sierra Leone.
- For the last 10 years, Bahrain has had an average growth rate of +1.83% per year vs +2.29% in Sierra Leone.
- Since 2006, the population of Bahrain has increased from 960K people to 1.65M (71.7% growth), while Sierra Leone has grown from 5.62M to 9.09M (61.6% growth).
Bahrain vs Sierra Leone: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Bahrain
|
Sierra Leone
|
|
| 2100 | 3,031,337 | 16,107,087 |
| 2099 | 3,011,916 | 16,121,940 |
| 2098 | 2,992,487 | 16,135,035 |
| 2097 | 2,973,093 | 16,149,905 |
| 2096 | 2,953,759 | 16,160,672 |
| 2095 | 2,934,466 | 16,169,304 |
| 2094 | 2,915,204 | 16,168,902 |
| 2093 | 2,896,001 | 16,173,609 |
| 2092 | 2,876,839 | 16,170,778 |
| 2091 | 2,857,700 | 16,163,901 |
| 2090 | 2,838,655 | 16,154,165 |
| 2089 | 2,819,707 | 16,142,526 |
| 2088 | 2,800,765 | 16,128,775 |
| 2087 | 2,781,926 | 16,112,585 |
| 2086 | 2,763,133 | 16,085,549 |
| 2085 | 2,744,327 | 16,064,212 |
| 2084 | 2,725,573 | 16,040,563 |
| 2083 | 2,706,819 | 16,006,923 |
| 2082 | 2,688,091 | 15,970,872 |
| 2081 | 2,669,405 | 15,930,880 |
| 2080 | 2,650,761 | 15,892,665 |
| 2079 | 2,632,128 | 15,850,728 |
| 2078 | 2,613,489 | 15,801,450 |
| 2077 | 2,594,847 | 15,750,408 |
| 2076 | 2,576,208 | 15,695,310 |
| 2075 | 2,557,513 | 15,635,345 |
| 2074 | 2,538,752 | 15,580,279 |
| 2073 | 2,519,971 | 15,512,655 |
| 2072 | 2,501,190 | 15,442,481 |
| 2071 | 2,482,346 | 15,370,747 |
| 2070 | 2,463,552 | 15,293,426 |
| 2069 | 2,444,735 | 15,212,664 |
| 2068 | 2,425,908 | 15,124,069 |
| 2067 | 2,407,081 | 15,028,190 |
| 2066 | 2,388,320 | 14,931,295 |
| 2065 | 2,369,644 | 14,833,794 |
| 2064 | 2,351,001 | 14,736,872 |
| 2063 | 2,332,422 | 14,638,180 |
| 2062 | 2,313,935 | 14,525,736 |
| 2061 | 2,295,551 | 14,420,068 |
| 2060 | 2,277,267 | 14,307,451 |
| 2059 | 2,259,033 | 14,194,972 |
| 2058 | 2,240,850 | 14,077,124 |
| 2057 | 2,222,771 | 13,957,197 |
| 2056 | 2,204,739 | 13,832,494 |
| 2055 | 2,186,699 | 13,702,508 |
| 2054 | 2,168,666 | 13,576,231 |
| 2053 | 2,150,594 | 13,440,929 |
| 2052 | 2,132,515 | 13,299,910 |
| 2051 | 2,114,430 | 13,152,910 |
| 2050 | 2,096,281 | 13,006,688 |
| 2049 | 2,078,112 | 12,863,637 |
| 2048 | 2,059,873 | 12,712,671 |
| 2047 | 2,041,553 | 12,566,944 |
| 2046 | 2,023,114 | 12,411,042 |
| 2045 | 2,004,578 | 12,254,651 |
| 2044 | 1,985,907 | 12,088,895 |
| 2043 | 1,967,174 | 11,928,393 |
| 2042 | 1,948,376 | 11,767,372 |
| 2041 | 1,929,535 | 11,599,942 |
| 2040 | 1,910,715 | 11,428,331 |
| 2039 | 1,891,961 | 11,259,845 |
| 2038 | 1,873,245 | 11,097,180 |
| 2037 | 1,854,637 | 10,928,754 |
| 2036 | 1,836,126 | 10,757,928 |
| 2035 | 1,817,753 | 10,582,918 |
| 2034 | 1,799,540 | 10,411,088 |
| 2033 | 1,781,495 | 10,238,503 |
| 2032 | 1,763,602 | 10,059,929 |
| 2031 | 1,745,865 | 9,881,109 |
| 2030 | 1,728,268 | 9,705,485 |
| 2029 | 1,709,742 | 9,529,493 |
| 2028 | 1,688,220 | 9,358,412 |
| 2027 | 1,663,819 | 9,177,288 |
| 2026 | 1,633,899 | 8,998,902 |
| 2025 | 1,600,366 | 8,819,794 |
| 2024 | 1,588,670 | 8,642,022 |
| 2023 | 1,577,059 | 8,460,512 |
| 2022 | 1,524,693 | 8,276,807 |
| 2021 | 1,504,365 | 8,094,602 |
| 2020 | 1,472,204 | 7,912,558 |
| 2019 | 1,483,756 | 7,731,991 |
| 2018 | 1,503,091 | 7,554,563 |
| 2017 | 1,501,116 | 7,379,299 |
| 2016 | 1,423,726 | 7,205,328 |
| 2015 | 1,370,322 | 7,037,655 |
| 2014 | 1,314,562 | 6,876,385 |
| 2013 | 1,253,191 | 6,714,051 |
| 2012 | 1,208,964 | 6,551,080 |
| 2011 | 1,195,020 | 6,387,251 |
| 2010 | 1,228,543 | 6,222,714 |
| 2009 | 1,178,415 | 6,055,646 |
| 2008 | 1,103,496 | 5,894,722 |
| 2007 | 1,039,295 | 5,749,352 |
| 2006 | 960,424 | 5,624,466 |
| 2005 | 888,822 | 5,501,712 |
| 2004 | 823,741 | 5,355,717 |
| 2003 | 764,517 | 5,177,687 |
| 2002 | 710,553 | 4,971,435 |
| 2001 | 661,316 | 4,692,716 |
| 2000 | 637,582 | 4,423,611 |
| 1999 | 620,989 | 4,318,043 |
| 1998 | 604,842 | 4,295,785 |
| 1997 | 589,115 | 4,253,716 |
| 1996 | 573,792 | 4,199,210 |
| 1995 | 558,879 | 4,179,179 |
| 1994 | 544,366 | 4,173,105 |
| 1993 | 530,225 | 4,157,130 |
| 1992 | 516,458 | 4,166,366 |
| 1991 | 503,052 | 4,246,267 |
| 1990 | 514,797 | 4,196,828 |
| 1989 | 497,327 | 4,034,037 |
| 1988 | 479,929 | 3,934,517 |
| 1987 | 462,854 | 3,829,718 |
| 1986 | 446,286 | 3,728,380 |
| 1985 | 430,358 | 3,638,438 |
| 1984 | 415,154 | 3,558,758 |
| 1983 | 400,707 | 3,481,646 |
| 1982 | 386,983 | 3,408,183 |
| 1981 | 373,524 | 3,338,940 |
| 1980 | 358,978 | 3,272,089 |
| 1979 | 343,457 | 3,207,499 |
| 1978 | 328,046 | 3,145,517 |
| 1977 | 312,823 | 3,085,354 |
| 1976 | 297,863 | 3,028,820 |
| 1975 | 283,243 | 2,974,657 |
| 1974 | 269,038 | 2,920,459 |
| 1973 | 255,320 | 2,866,955 |
| 1972 | 242,113 | 2,814,388 |
| 1971 | 230,733 | 2,763,222 |
| 1970 | 224,809 | 2,712,286 |
| 1969 | 222,469 | 2,661,365 |
| 1968 | 219,337 | 2,611,532 |
| 1967 | 214,189 | 2,562,384 |
| 1966 | 207,543 | 2,514,638 |
| 1965 | 200,866 | 2,468,666 |
| 1964 | 193,816 | 2,424,390 |
| 1963 | 186,501 | 2,382,258 |
| 1962 | 179,349 | 2,342,242 |
| 1961 | 172,346 | 2,304,227 |
| 1960 | 165,477 | 2,268,356 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/bahrain/sierra-leone | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Bahrain increased by 463,302 people (a 48.2% growth), while Sierra Leone gained 1,580,862 people (a 28.1% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Bahrain gained 225,541 people (a 15.8% growth), while Sierra Leone's population increased by 1,885,203 people (a 26.2% growth).
Bahrain was ranked 157th most populous country in 2006 and is 151st in 2026. Sierra Leone was ranked 105th in 2006 and ranked 100th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Bahrain's population will grow by 27.1% to 2,096,281 people with a rank change from 151st to 146th. The population of Sierra Leone will increase by 43.1% to 13,006,688 people and rank change from 100th to 91st.
Bahrain is projected to reach its peak in 2100 at 3.03M people compared to the peak of 16.2M people in 2093 for Sierra Leone.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Bahrain
|
Sierra Leone
|
|
| 2100 | 0.64% | -0.09% |
| 2099 | 0.65% | -0.08% |
| 2098 | 0.65% | -0.09% |
| 2097 | 0.65% | -0.07% |
| 2096 | 0.66% | -0.05% |
| 2095 | 0.66% | 0.002% |
| 2094 | 0.66% | -0.03% |
| 2093 | 0.67% | 0.02% |
| 2092 | 0.67% | 0.04% |
| 2091 | 0.67% | 0.06% |
| 2090 | 0.67% | 0.07% |
| 2089 | 0.68% | 0.09% |
| 2088 | 0.68% | 0.1% |
| 2087 | 0.68% | 0.17% |
| 2086 | 0.69% | 0.13% |
| 2085 | 0.69% | 0.15% |
| 2084 | 0.69% | 0.21% |
| 2083 | 0.7% | 0.23% |
| 2082 | 0.7% | 0.25% |
| 2081 | 0.7% | 0.24% |
| 2080 | 0.71% | 0.26% |
| 2079 | 0.71% | 0.31% |
| 2078 | 0.72% | 0.32% |
| 2077 | 0.72% | 0.35% |
| 2076 | 0.73% | 0.38% |
| 2075 | 0.74% | 0.35% |
| 2074 | 0.75% | 0.44% |
| 2073 | 0.75% | 0.45% |
| 2072 | 0.76% | 0.47% |
| 2071 | 0.76% | 0.51% |
| 2070 | 0.77% | 0.53% |
| 2069 | 0.78% | 0.59% |
| 2068 | 0.78% | 0.64% |
| 2067 | 0.79% | 0.65% |
| 2066 | 0.79% | 0.66% |
| 2065 | 0.79% | 0.66% |
| 2064 | 0.8% | 0.67% |
| 2063 | 0.8% | 0.77% |
| 2062 | 0.8% | 0.73% |
| 2061 | 0.8% | 0.79% |
| 2060 | 0.81% | 0.79% |
| 2059 | 0.81% | 0.84% |
| 2058 | 0.81% | 0.86% |
| 2057 | 0.82% | 0.9% |
| 2056 | 0.82% | 0.95% |
| 2055 | 0.83% | 0.93% |
| 2054 | 0.84% | 1.01% |
| 2053 | 0.85% | 1.06% |
| 2052 | 0.86% | 1.12% |
| 2051 | 0.87% | 1.12% |
| 2050 | 0.87% | 1.11% |
| 2049 | 0.89% | 1.19% |
| 2048 | 0.9% | 1.16% |
| 2047 | 0.91% | 1.26% |
| 2046 | 0.92% | 1.28% |
| 2045 | 0.94% | 1.37% |
| 2044 | 0.95% | 1.35% |
| 2043 | 0.96% | 1.37% |
| 2042 | 0.98% | 1.44% |
| 2041 | 0.98% | 1.5% |
| 2040 | 0.99% | 1.5% |
| 2039 | 1% | 1.47% |
| 2038 | 1% | 1.54% |
| 2037 | 1.01% | 1.59% |
| 2036 | 1.01% | 1.65% |
| 2035 | 1.01% | 1.65% |
| 2034 | 1.01% | 1.69% |
| 2033 | 1.01% | 1.78% |
| 2032 | 1.02% | 1.81% |
| 2031 | 1.02% | 1.81% |
| 2030 | 1.08% | 1.85% |
| 2029 | 1.27% | 1.83% |
| 2028 | 1.47% | 1.97% |
| 2027 | 1.83% | 1.98% |
| 2026 | 2.1% | 2.03% |
| 2025 | 0.74% | 2.06% |
| 2024 | 0.74% | 2.15% |
| 2023 | 3.43% | 2.22% |
| 2022 | 1.35% | 2.25% |
| 2021 | 2.18% | 2.3% |
| 2020 | -0.78% | 2.34% |
| 2019 | -1.29% | 2.35% |
| 2018 | 0.13% | 2.38% |
| 2017 | 5.44% | 2.41% |
| 2016 | 3.9% | 2.38% |
| 2015 | 4.24% | 2.35% |
| 2014 | 4.9% | 2.42% |
| 2013 | 3.66% | 2.49% |
| 2012 | 1.17% | 2.56% |
| 2011 | -2.73% | 2.64% |
| 2010 | 4.25% | 2.76% |
| 2009 | 6.79% | 2.73% |
| 2008 | 6.18% | 2.53% |
| 2007 | 8.21% | 2.22% |
| 2006 | 8.06% | 2.23% |
| 2005 | 7.9% | 2.73% |
| 2004 | 7.75% | 3.44% |
| 2003 | 7.59% | 4.15% |
| 2002 | 7.45% | 5.94% |
| 2001 | 3.72% | 6.08% |
| 2000 | 2.67% | 2.44% |
| 1999 | 2.67% | 0.52% |
| 1998 | 2.67% | 0.99% |
| 1997 | 2.67% | 1.3% |
| 1996 | 2.67% | 0.48% |
| 1995 | 2.67% | 0.15% |
| 1994 | 2.67% | 0.38% |
| 1993 | 2.67% | -0.22% |
| 1992 | 2.66% | -1.88% |
| 1991 | -2.28% | 1.18% |
| 1990 | 3.51% | 4.04% |
| 1989 | 3.63% | 2.53% |
| 1988 | 3.69% | 2.74% |
| 1987 | 3.71% | 2.72% |
| 1986 | 3.7% | 2.47% |
| 1985 | 3.66% | 2.24% |
| 1984 | 3.61% | 2.21% |
| 1983 | 3.55% | 2.16% |
| 1982 | 3.6% | 2.07% |
| 1981 | 4.05% | 2.04% |
| 1980 | 4.52% | 2.01% |
| 1979 | 4.7% | 1.97% |
| 1978 | 4.87% | 1.95% |
| 1977 | 5.02% | 1.87% |
| 1976 | 5.16% | 1.82% |
| 1975 | 5.28% | 1.86% |
| 1974 | 5.37% | 1.87% |
| 1973 | 5.45% | 1.87% |
| 1972 | 4.93% | 1.85% |
| 1971 | 2.64% | 1.88% |
| 1970 | 1.05% | 1.91% |
| 1969 | 1.43% | 1.91% |
| 1968 | 2.4% | 1.92% |
| 1967 | 3.2% | 1.9% |
| 1966 | 3.32% | 1.86% |
| 1965 | 3.64% | 1.83% |
| 1964 | 3.92% | 1.77% |
| 1963 | 3.99% | 1.71% |
| 1962 | 4.06% | 1.65% |
| 1961 | 4.15% | 1.58% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1961–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/bahrain/sierra-leone | CC BY
In 2025, the population of Bahrain grew by 0.74%, while Sierra Leone's population grew by 2.06%.
Live population counters
|
Bahrain
|
Sierra Leone
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
1649267
|
9090531
|
| Population rank | 151/197 | 100/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.02% | 0.11% |
| One net population change |
45.1 minutes
|
2.96 minutes
|
| One birth every |
27.5 minutes
|
2.02 minutes
|
| One death every |
2.5 hours
|
7.41 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | +32 | +487 |
| Annual growth/decline | +11,696 | +177,772 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +0.74% | +2.06% |
| Population growth rate rank | 115/197 | 47/197 |
| One migration net change every |
29.1 minutes
|
46.6 minutes
|
| Annual migration change | +18,128 | -11,309 |
| Net migration rank | 34/196 | 136/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 840,202 | 49,997 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 66/195 | 151/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 52.3% | 0.6% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 7/195 | 174/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Bahrain
|
Sierra Leone
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | 18,128 | - | -11,309 |
| 2024 | 15,606 | 22,699 | 189,234 | -11,000 |
| 2023 | 16,356 | 20,002 | 188,788 | -4,000 |
| 2022 | 17,058 | 18,975 | 186,625 | -4,000 |
| 2021 | 15,401 | 11,882 | 183,326 | -1,544 |
| 2020 | 15,056 | -5,048 | 181,015 | 1,292 |
| 2019 | 16,639 | -31,967 | 181,068 | -2,238 |
| 2018 | 17,445 | -25,978 | 178,772 | -2,741 |
| 2017 | 18,140 | 21,958 | 173,259 | 1,234 |
| 2016 | 17,996 | 46,833 | 168,784 | 4,657 |
| 2015 | 18,193 | 36,809 | 162,275 | -356 |
| 2014 | 17,826 | 40,815 | 160,137 | 485 |
| 2013 | 17,044 | 35,574 | 161,265 | 2,773 |
| 2012 | 16,219 | 12,801 | 160,915 | 988 |
| 2011 | 15,990 | -26,107 | 158,858 | 6,895 |
| 2010 | 16,474 | -19,329 | 155,338 | 7,983 |
| 2009 | 15,795 | 46,467 | 152,669 | 18,145 |
| 2008 | 15,541 | 47,674 | 149,855 | 1,182 |
| 2007 | 15,393 | 47,500 | 145,740 | -6,042 |
| 2006 | 15,248 | 46,615 | 144,127 | -34,052 |
| 2005 | 15,196 | 45,682 | 137,234 | -1,805 |
| 2004 | 14,454 | 45,413 | 132,661 | 23,897 |
| 2003 | 13,243 | 45,571 | 130,312 | 69,185 |
| 2002 | 11,875 | 45,952 | 126,429 | 86,578 |
| 2001 | 10,948 | 34,371 | 116,647 | 227,791 |
| 2000 | 11,339 | 2,886 | 110,754 | 83,013 |
| 1999 | 11,397 | 3,130 | 102,295 | -84,926 |
| 1998 | 10,970 | 3,733 | 103,906 | -76,766 |
| 1997 | 10,739 | 4,036 | 105,433 | -48,437 |
| 1996 | 10,607 | 4,162 | 104,140 | -52,110 |
| 1995 | 10,824 | 3,842 | 100,885 | -112,857 |
| 1994 | 11,133 | 3,387 | 101,486 | -77,371 |
| 1993 | 11,521 | 2,850 | 103,317 | -95,476 |
| 1992 | 11,577 | 2,768 | 103,251 | -129,565 |
| 1991 | 11,491 | 4,562 | 105,477 | -238,965 |
| 1990 | 12,337 | 5,090 | 100,778 | 131,587 |
| 1989 | 12,293 | 5,220 | 98,298 | -5,079 |
| 1988 | 11,995 | 5,294 | 96,344 | 9,470 |
| 1987 | 11,709 | 5,152 | 94,235 | 9,558 |
| 1986 | 11,455 | 4,822 | 90,902 | 7,992 |
| 1985 | 10,924 | 4,657 | 88,869 | -7,873 |
| 1984 | 10,269 | 4,557 | 87,072 | -8,708 |
| 1983 | 9,821 | 4,252 | 84,628 | -8,783 |
| 1982 | 9,396 | 3,980 | 82,457 | -11,379 |
| 1981 | 9,020 | 4,523 | 80,111 | -12,699 |
| 1980 | 8,802 | 6,741 | 77,932 | -11,641 |
| 1979 | 8,587 | 6,908 | 75,992 | -13,095 |
| 1978 | 8,358 | 6,974 | 74,130 | -13,073 |
| 1977 | 8,093 | 7,017 | 71,663 | -12,399 |
| 1976 | 7,818 | 6,993 | 69,506 | -15,686 |
| 1975 | 7,535 | 6,900 | 67,560 | -13,058 |
| 1974 | 7,265 | 6,711 | 65,357 | -11,473 |
| 1973 | 7,012 | 6,450 | 62,443 | -9,322 |
| 1972 | 6,763 | 6,190 | 60,279 | -8,267 |
| 1971 | 6,650 | 3,159 | 58,484 | -8,162 |
| 1970 | 6,973 | -4,939 | 56,513 | -4,957 |
| 1969 | 7,277 | -4,638 | 54,768 | -4,485 |
| 1968 | 7,584 | -3,952 | 53,126 | -3,743 |
| 1967 | 7,492 | -829 | 51,734 | -2,819 |
| 1966 | 7,342 | -718 | 49,486 | -2,911 |
| 1965 | 7,148 | -415 | 47,223 | -1,851 |
| 1964 | 6,873 | 491 | 45,487 | -2,308 |
| 1963 | 6,557 | 714 | 43,569 | -2,480 |
| 1962 | 6,232 | 810 | 41,603 | -2,658 |
| 1961 | 5,882 | 1,076 | 40,022 | -2,947 |
| 1960 | 5,513 | 1,266 | 38,192 | -3,528 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/bahrain/sierra-leone | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 59.1% of the population change in Bahrain is from natural causes (a gain of 167,890 people) and 40.9% is from migration (a gain of 116,165 people). In Sierra Leone 99% is from natural causes (a gain of 1,793,146 people) and 1.03% is from migration (a loss of 18,696 people).
As of 2024, 840,202 residents or 52.3% of the population were not native-born in Bahrain, compared to 49,997 people or 0.6% in Sierra Leone.
Biggest cities by population
|
Bahrain
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Manama | 298K |
| Riffa | 115K |
| Isa Town | 61.3K |
|
Sierra Leone
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Freetown | 951K |
| Bo | 234K |
| Kenema | 188K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between Bahrain and Sierra Leone
|
Bahrain
|
Sierra Leone
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 81.7 years | 62.3 years |
| Average age | 33.4 years | 24.6 years |
| Median age | 34.3 years | 20.7 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 62:38 | 49.9:50.1 |
| Fertility rate | 1.81 births per woman | 3.7 births per woman |
| Population density | 5,290 ppl/mi² | 323 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/bahrain/sierra-leone | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
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