The latest officially reported population of Montenegro was 623,525 in 2024 vs 50,448,963 people in Sudan in 2024. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Montenegro's population is 612,312 people compared to 53,335,233 in Sudan.
Population statistics:
- Sudan's population is 87.1 times bigger than Montenegro's.
- Montenegro is ranked the 166th most populous country in the world, while Sudan is the 29th.
- The countries together account for 0.65% of the world: 0.007% for Montenegro vs 0.64% for Sudan.
- For the last 10 years, Montenegro has had an average growth rate of +0.01% per year vs +2.67% in Sudan.
- Since 2006, the population of Montenegro has decreased from 615K people to 612K (0.44% decline), while Sudan has grown from 32M to 53.3M (66.7% growth).
Montenegro vs Sudan: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Montenegro
|
Sudan
|
|
| 2100 | 319,719 | 137,695,876 |
| 2099 | 323,351 | 137,114,644 |
| 2098 | 326,940 | 136,500,499 |
| 2097 | 330,574 | 135,860,701 |
| 2096 | 334,217 | 135,222,218 |
| 2095 | 337,856 | 134,553,615 |
| 2094 | 341,490 | 133,902,112 |
| 2093 | 345,159 | 133,186,791 |
| 2092 | 348,826 | 132,427,642 |
| 2091 | 352,520 | 131,674,049 |
| 2090 | 356,219 | 130,893,042 |
| 2089 | 359,924 | 130,075,970 |
| 2088 | 363,602 | 129,234,968 |
| 2087 | 367,324 | 128,358,981 |
| 2086 | 371,059 | 127,463,823 |
| 2085 | 374,829 | 126,555,673 |
| 2084 | 378,644 | 125,612,419 |
| 2083 | 382,455 | 124,663,868 |
| 2082 | 386,310 | 123,716,124 |
| 2081 | 390,224 | 122,772,016 |
| 2080 | 394,179 | 121,805,246 |
| 2079 | 398,175 | 120,822,781 |
| 2078 | 402,181 | 119,802,944 |
| 2077 | 406,200 | 118,776,597 |
| 2076 | 410,263 | 117,748,457 |
| 2075 | 414,376 | 116,688,549 |
| 2074 | 418,534 | 115,601,159 |
| 2073 | 422,748 | 114,499,847 |
| 2072 | 426,952 | 113,374,089 |
| 2071 | 431,230 | 112,235,978 |
| 2070 | 435,563 | 111,102,687 |
| 2069 | 439,868 | 109,945,533 |
| 2068 | 444,186 | 108,791,037 |
| 2067 | 448,555 | 107,581,192 |
| 2066 | 452,869 | 106,357,353 |
| 2065 | 457,298 | 105,145,307 |
| 2064 | 461,706 | 103,903,801 |
| 2063 | 466,110 | 102,642,643 |
| 2062 | 470,496 | 101,354,095 |
| 2061 | 474,871 | 100,067,335 |
| 2060 | 479,291 | 98,765,585 |
| 2059 | 483,635 | 97,461,067 |
| 2058 | 487,928 | 96,135,716 |
| 2057 | 492,253 | 94,800,344 |
| 2056 | 496,682 | 93,458,640 |
| 2055 | 501,038 | 92,089,717 |
| 2054 | 505,324 | 90,711,253 |
| 2053 | 509,555 | 89,342,122 |
| 2052 | 513,782 | 87,962,125 |
| 2051 | 517,954 | 86,581,277 |
| 2050 | 522,097 | 85,194,794 |
| 2049 | 526,241 | 83,803,171 |
| 2048 | 530,291 | 82,442,635 |
| 2047 | 534,410 | 81,085,689 |
| 2046 | 538,441 | 79,725,126 |
| 2045 | 542,441 | 78,359,927 |
| 2044 | 546,404 | 77,006,049 |
| 2043 | 550,390 | 75,652,858 |
| 2042 | 554,278 | 74,312,465 |
| 2041 | 558,200 | 72,968,877 |
| 2040 | 562,081 | 71,640,015 |
| 2039 | 565,966 | 70,319,906 |
| 2038 | 569,835 | 69,001,239 |
| 2037 | 573,678 | 67,665,904 |
| 2036 | 577,477 | 66,337,650 |
| 2035 | 581,230 | 65,001,359 |
| 2034 | 584,919 | 63,664,516 |
| 2033 | 588,552 | 62,329,849 |
| 2032 | 592,122 | 61,007,985 |
| 2031 | 595,610 | 59,695,860 |
| 2030 | 599,030 | 58,384,521 |
| 2029 | 602,416 | 57,082,767 |
| 2028 | 605,742 | 55,800,806 |
| 2027 | 608,990 | 54,523,219 |
| 2026 | 612,312 | 52,894,744 |
| 2025 | 621,659 | 51,256,148 |
| 2024 | 623,525 | 50,448,963 |
| 2023 | 623,529 | 50,042,791 |
| 2022 | 623,591 | 49,383,346 |
| 2021 | 625,053 | 48,066,924 |
| 2020 | 626,590 | 46,789,231 |
| 2019 | 626,753 | 45,548,175 |
| 2018 | 626,438 | 44,230,596 |
| 2017 | 625,982 | 42,714,306 |
| 2016 | 625,353 | 41,259,892 |
| 2015 | 624,651 | 40,024,431 |
| 2014 | 623,744 | 38,823,318 |
| 2013 | 622,587 | 37,785,849 |
| 2012 | 621,418 | 36,923,178 |
| 2011 | 620,345 | 36,140,806 |
| 2010 | 619,428 | 35,414,399 |
| 2009 | 618,294 | 34,569,113 |
| 2008 | 616,969 | 33,623,980 |
| 2007 | 615,875 | 32,764,135 |
| 2006 | 615,025 | 31,992,435 |
| 2005 | 614,261 | 31,262,444 |
| 2004 | 613,353 | 30,556,637 |
| 2003 | 612,267 | 29,896,035 |
| 2002 | 609,828 | 29,228,727 |
| 2001 | 607,389 | 28,516,770 |
| 2000 | 604,950 | 27,816,745 |
| 1999 | 606,001 | 27,130,613 |
| 1998 | 607,662 | 26,458,999 |
| 1997 | 609,520 | 25,799,821 |
| 1996 | 611,003 | 25,231,528 |
| 1995 | 611,712 | 24,672,143 |
| 1994 | 611,389 | 24,043,948 |
| 1993 | 610,170 | 23,445,592 |
| 1992 | 608,516 | 22,927,355 |
| 1991 | 607,105 | 22,470,676 |
| 1990 | 606,372 | 22,021,481 |
| 1989 | 606,571 | 21,578,022 |
| 1988 | 607,413 | 21,138,431 |
| 1987 | 608,144 | 20,704,904 |
| 1986 | 607,711 | 20,288,238 |
| 1985 | 605,398 | 19,905,872 |
| 1984 | 600,884 | 19,546,528 |
| 1983 | 594,506 | 19,109,770 |
| 1982 | 587,001 | 18,486,645 |
| 1981 | 579,445 | 17,780,572 |
| 1980 | 572,608 | 17,058,905 |
| 1979 | 566,888 | 16,355,352 |
| 1978 | 562,065 | 15,695,003 |
| 1977 | 557,576 | 15,086,614 |
| 1976 | 552,562 | 14,569,716 |
| 1975 | 546,487 | 14,064,798 |
| 1974 | 538,902 | 13,580,723 |
| 1973 | 530,220 | 13,049,315 |
| 1972 | 521,785 | 12,527,856 |
| 1971 | 515,449 | 12,105,539 |
| 1970 | 512,407 | 11,695,771 |
| 1969 | 513,340 | 11,298,936 |
| 1968 | 517,481 | 10,917,999 |
| 1967 | 522,796 | 10,550,597 |
| 1966 | 526,419 | 10,197,578 |
| 1965 | 526,327 | 9,858,030 |
| 1964 | 521,753 | 9,531,109 |
| 1963 | 513,409 | 9,218,077 |
| 1962 | 502,558 | 8,919,028 |
| 1961 | 491,140 | 8,634,941 |
| 1960 | 480,579 | 8,364,489 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/montenegro/sudan | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Montenegro increased by 10,328 people (a 1.68% growth), while Sudan gained 9,267,457 people (a 29% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Montenegro lost 13,041 people (a 2.09% decline), while Sudan's population increased by 12,075,341 people (a 29.3% growth).
Montenegro was ranked 162nd most populous country in 2006 and is 166th in 2026. Sudan was ranked 36th in 2006 and ranked 29th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Montenegro's population will shrink by 14.7% to 522,097 people with a rank change from 166th to 170th. The population of Sudan will increase by 59.7% to 85,194,794 people and rank change from 29th to 21st.
Sudan is projected to reach its peak in 2100 at 138M people, while Montenegro's population already peaked in 2019 at 627K people and is projected to decrease to 320K people by 2100.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Montenegro
|
Sudan
|
|
| 2100 | -1.12% | 0.42% |
| 2099 | -1.1% | 0.45% |
| 2098 | -1.1% | 0.47% |
| 2097 | -1.09% | 0.47% |
| 2096 | -1.08% | 0.5% |
| 2095 | -1.06% | 0.49% |
| 2094 | -1.06% | 0.54% |
| 2093 | -1.05% | 0.57% |
| 2092 | -1.05% | 0.57% |
| 2091 | -1.04% | 0.6% |
| 2090 | -1.03% | 0.63% |
| 2089 | -1.01% | 0.65% |
| 2088 | -1.01% | 0.68% |
| 2087 | -1.01% | 0.7% |
| 2086 | -1.01% | 0.72% |
| 2085 | -1.01% | 0.75% |
| 2084 | -1% | 0.76% |
| 2083 | -1% | 0.77% |
| 2082 | -1% | 0.77% |
| 2081 | -1% | 0.79% |
| 2080 | -1% | 0.81% |
| 2079 | -1% | 0.85% |
| 2078 | -0.99% | 0.86% |
| 2077 | -0.99% | 0.87% |
| 2076 | -0.99% | 0.91% |
| 2075 | -0.99% | 0.94% |
| 2074 | -1% | 0.96% |
| 2073 | -0.98% | 0.99% |
| 2072 | -0.99% | 1.01% |
| 2071 | -0.99% | 1.02% |
| 2070 | -0.98% | 1.05% |
| 2069 | -0.97% | 1.06% |
| 2068 | -0.97% | 1.12% |
| 2067 | -0.95% | 1.15% |
| 2066 | -0.97% | 1.15% |
| 2065 | -0.95% | 1.19% |
| 2064 | -0.94% | 1.23% |
| 2063 | -0.93% | 1.27% |
| 2062 | -0.92% | 1.29% |
| 2061 | -0.92% | 1.32% |
| 2060 | -0.9% | 1.34% |
| 2059 | -0.88% | 1.38% |
| 2058 | -0.88% | 1.41% |
| 2057 | -0.89% | 1.44% |
| 2056 | -0.87% | 1.49% |
| 2055 | -0.85% | 1.52% |
| 2054 | -0.83% | 1.53% |
| 2053 | -0.82% | 1.57% |
| 2052 | -0.81% | 1.59% |
| 2051 | -0.79% | 1.63% |
| 2050 | -0.79% | 1.66% |
| 2049 | -0.76% | 1.65% |
| 2048 | -0.77% | 1.67% |
| 2047 | -0.75% | 1.71% |
| 2046 | -0.74% | 1.74% |
| 2045 | -0.73% | 1.76% |
| 2044 | -0.72% | 1.79% |
| 2043 | -0.7% | 1.8% |
| 2042 | -0.7% | 1.84% |
| 2041 | -0.69% | 1.85% |
| 2040 | -0.69% | 1.88% |
| 2039 | -0.68% | 1.91% |
| 2038 | -0.67% | 1.97% |
| 2037 | -0.66% | 2% |
| 2036 | -0.65% | 2.06% |
| 2035 | -0.63% | 2.1% |
| 2034 | -0.62% | 2.14% |
| 2033 | -0.6% | 2.17% |
| 2032 | -0.59% | 2.2% |
| 2031 | -0.57% | 2.25% |
| 2030 | -0.56% | 2.28% |
| 2029 | -0.55% | 2.3% |
| 2028 | -0.53% | 2.34% |
| 2027 | -0.54% | 3.08% |
| 2026 | -1.5% | 3.2% |
| 2025 | -0.3% | 1.6% |
| 2024 | -0.001% | 0.81% |
| 2023 | -0.01% | 1.34% |
| 2022 | -0.23% | 2.74% |
| 2021 | -0.25% | 2.73% |
| 2020 | -0.03% | 2.72% |
| 2019 | 0.05% | 2.98% |
| 2018 | 0.07% | 3.55% |
| 2017 | 0.1% | 3.53% |
| 2016 | 0.11% | 3.09% |
| 2015 | 0.15% | 3.09% |
| 2014 | 0.19% | 2.75% |
| 2013 | 0.19% | 2.34% |
| 2012 | 0.17% | 2.16% |
| 2011 | 0.15% | 2.05% |
| 2010 | 0.18% | 2.45% |
| 2009 | 0.21% | 2.81% |
| 2008 | 0.18% | 2.62% |
| 2007 | 0.14% | 2.41% |
| 2006 | 0.12% | 2.34% |
| 2005 | 0.15% | 2.31% |
| 2004 | 0.18% | 2.21% |
| 2003 | 0.4% | 2.28% |
| 2002 | 0.4% | 2.5% |
| 2001 | 0.4% | 2.52% |
| 2000 | -0.17% | 2.53% |
| 1999 | -0.27% | 2.54% |
| 1998 | -0.3% | 2.55% |
| 1997 | -0.24% | 2.25% |
| 1996 | -0.12% | 2.27% |
| 1995 | 0.05% | 2.61% |
| 1994 | 0.2% | 2.55% |
| 1993 | 0.27% | 2.26% |
| 1992 | 0.23% | 2.03% |
| 1991 | 0.12% | 2.04% |
| 1990 | -0.03% | 2.06% |
| 1989 | -0.14% | 2.08% |
| 1988 | -0.12% | 2.09% |
| 1987 | 0.07% | 2.05% |
| 1986 | 0.38% | 1.92% |
| 1985 | 0.75% | 1.84% |
| 1984 | 1.07% | 2.29% |
| 1983 | 1.28% | 3.37% |
| 1982 | 1.3% | 3.97% |
| 1981 | 1.19% | 4.23% |
| 1980 | 1.01% | 4.3% |
| 1979 | 0.86% | 4.21% |
| 1978 | 0.81% | 4.03% |
| 1977 | 0.91% | 3.55% |
| 1976 | 1.11% | 3.59% |
| 1975 | 1.41% | 3.56% |
| 1974 | 1.64% | 4.07% |
| 1973 | 1.62% | 4.16% |
| 1972 | 1.23% | 3.49% |
| 1971 | 0.59% | 3.5% |
| 1970 | -0.18% | 3.51% |
| 1969 | -0.8% | 3.49% |
| 1968 | -1.02% | 3.48% |
| 1967 | -0.69% | 3.46% |
| 1966 | 0.02% | 3.44% |
| 1965 | 0.88% | 3.43% |
| 1964 | 1.63% | 3.4% |
| 1963 | 2.16% | 3.35% |
| 1962 | 2.32% | 3.29% |
| 1961 | 2.2% | 3.23% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1961–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/montenegro/sudan | CC BY
In 2024, the population of Montenegro declined by 0.0006%, while Sudan's population grew by 0.81%.
Live population counters
|
Montenegro
|
Sudan
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
612312
|
53335233
|
| Population rank | 166/197 | 29/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.007% | 0.64% |
| One net population change |
3.26 months
|
1.29 minutes
|
| One birth every |
1.25 hours
|
18.7 seconds
|
| One death every |
1.39 hours
|
1.64 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | +0 | +1,113 |
| Annual growth/decline | -4 | +406,172 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | -0.0006% | +0.81% |
| Population growth rate rank | 164/197 | 116/197 |
| One migration net change every |
56.8 minutes
|
1.81 minutes
|
| Annual migration change | -9,279 | +291,469 |
| Net migration rank | 131/196 | 6/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 92,237 | 2,397,113 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 134/195 | 29/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 14.4% | 4.8% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 45/195 | 94/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Montenegro
|
Sudan
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | -9,279 | - | 291,469 |
| 2024 | - | -1,686 | - | -544,257 |
| 2023 | 686 | 12,000 | 1,361,564 | -1,349,998 |
| 2022 | 0 | 26,332 | 1,333,992 | -26,668 |
| 2021 | -2,062 | -2,344 | 1,293,817 | 31,664 |
| 2020 | -188 | -3,310 | 1,295,781 | -65,933 |
| 2019 | 627 | -4,083 | 1,291,747 | -39,491 |
| 2018 | 752 | -5,058 | 1,257,387 | 125,499 |
| 2017 | 939 | -4,948 | 1,208,046 | 441,623 |
| 2016 | 1,125 | -5,274 | 1,174,422 | 84,728 |
| 2015 | 1,062 | -4,863 | 1,145,259 | 66,476 |
| 2014 | 1,560 | -4,357 | 1,097,962 | 92,504 |
| 2013 | 1,557 | -2,478 | 1,078,446 | -194,001 |
| 2012 | 1,554 | -1,583 | 1,073,062 | -232,196 |
| 2011 | 1,365 | 0 | 1,070,888 | -347,024 |
| 2010 | 1,797 | -2,276 | 1,068,381 | -339,466 |
| 2009 | 2,783 | -3,456 | 1,041,810 | -80,159 |
| 2008 | 2,530 | -3,326 | 1,001,826 | -73,188 |
| 2007 | 1,848 | -3,056 | 992,819 | -201,769 |
| 2006 | 1,599 | -2,735 | 963,740 | -211,387 |
| 2005 | 1,536 | -2,247 | 907,017 | -199,378 |
| 2004 | 2,146 | -1,997 | 889,382 | -185,392 |
| 2003 | 2,632 | -3,178 | 898,226 | -281,001 |
| 2002 | 2,988 | -3,357 | 897,965 | -180,603 |
| 2001 | 3,462 | -3,511 | 880,284 | -173,745 |
| 2000 | 3,751 | -3,734 | 858,536 | -165,030 |
| 1999 | 3,454 | -3,487 | 835,840 | -157,090 |
| 1998 | 3,889 | -3,326 | 814,752 | -150,271 |
| 1997 | 3,597 | -3,077 | 802,245 | -148,368 |
| 1996 | 4,155 | -3,051 | 792,926 | -310,221 |
| 1995 | 4,527 | -3,082 | 780,700 | -144,670 |
| 1994 | 4,381 | -2,889 | 764,645 | -144,324 |
| 1993 | 4,638 | -2,835 | 743,249 | -166,861 |
| 1992 | 5,015 | -2,942 | 731,177 | -271,093 |
| 1991 | 5,191 | -2,630 | 714,612 | -261,341 |
| 1990 | 5,010 | -1,705 | 699,953 | -254,825 |
| 1989 | 5,129 | -1,730 | 683,743 | -241,979 |
| 1988 | 5,529 | -2,165 | 672,604 | -235,213 |
| 1987 | 5,958 | -2,569 | 658,416 | -228,756 |
| 1986 | 6,097 | -2,747 | 649,649 | -245,968 |
| 1985 | 6,283 | -3,013 | 583,382 | -222,315 |
| 1984 | 6,337 | -3,074 | 577,405 | -219,755 |
| 1983 | 6,482 | -3,190 | 570,198 | -54,325 |
| 1982 | 6,419 | -3,151 | 606,362 | 124,007 |
| 1981 | 6,275 | -2,287 | 585,087 | 96,697 |
| 1980 | 6,383 | -450 | 552,930 | 208,602 |
| 1979 | 6,139 | -718 | 524,942 | 120,613 |
| 1978 | 6,408 | -1,103 | 497,987 | 177,153 |
| 1977 | 6,650 | -1,364 | 483,089 | 58,540 |
| 1976 | 6,845 | -1,447 | 470,019 | 22,147 |
| 1975 | 6,878 | -1,588 | 454,813 | 62,843 |
| 1974 | 6,919 | -1,669 | 444,456 | 6,023 |
| 1973 | 7,096 | -1,778 | 439,201 | 173,143 |
| 1972 | 7,252 | -1,922 | 428,340 | 2,238 |
| 1971 | 7,168 | -1,856 | 417,641 | -3,577 |
| 1970 | 7,069 | -2,013 | 401,013 | 4,479 |
| 1969 | 7,449 | -2,456 | 385,712 | 2,476 |
| 1968 | 7,497 | -2,404 | 370,917 | 2,776 |
| 1967 | 7,961 | -2,519 | 356,599 | 4,508 |
| 1966 | 8,661 | -2,751 | 342,118 | 2,813 |
| 1965 | 9,010 | -2,743 | 327,799 | 6,367 |
| 1964 | 9,227 | -2,734 | 315,166 | 4,505 |
| 1963 | 9,449 | -2,800 | 302,132 | 4,263 |
| 1962 | 9,402 | -2,606 | 287,317 | 4,387 |
| 1961 | 9,278 | -2,254 | 272,562 | 3,904 |
| 1960 | 9,144 | -2,467 | 262,235 | 2,194 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/montenegro/sudan | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 52.4% of the population change in Montenegro is from natural causes (a gain of 4,501 people) and 47.6% is from migration (a gain of 4,095 people). In Sudan 95.1% is from natural causes (a gain of 12,459,977 people) and 4.88% is from migration (a loss of 639,596 people).
As of 2024, 92,237 residents or 14.4% of the population were not native-born in Montenegro, compared to 2,397,113 people or 4.8% in Sudan.
Biggest cities by population
|
Montenegro
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Podgorica | 151K |
| Ulcinj | 19.9K |
| Cetinje | 14K |
| Plav | 13.8K |
| Bar | 13.7K |
| Budva | 13.3K |
| Berane | 11.1K |
| Mojkovac | 3.59K |
| Kotor | 961 |
|
Sudan
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Khartoum | 5.34M |
| Omdurman | 2.81M |
| Khartoum North | 936K |
| Port Sudan | 580K |
| El-Obeid | 560K |
| Kassala | 536K |
| Kosti | 528K |
| Nyala | 493K |
| El-Gadarif | 355K |
| Al-Fashir | 286K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between Montenegro and Sudan
|
Montenegro
|
Sudan
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 77.6 years | 66.9 years |
| Average age | 40.3 years | 23.6 years |
| Median age | 40.6 years | 19.4 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 48.1:51.9 | 49.6:50.4 |
| Fertility rate | 1.74 births per woman | 4.32 births per woman |
| Population density | 117.9 ppl/mi² | 73.3 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20).
GeoRank.org/population/montenegro/sudan | CC BY
Help us show the world through your eyes
Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.
Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20)
Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.