The latest officially reported population of Burkina Faso was 23,548,781 in 2024 vs 623,525 people in Montenegro in 2024. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Burkina Faso's population is 24,756,783 people compared to 612,312 in Montenegro.
Population statistics:
- Burkina Faso's population is 40.4 times bigger than Montenegro's.
- Burkina Faso is ranked the 59th most populous country in the world, while Montenegro is the 166th.
- The countries together account for 0.31% of the world: 0.3% for Burkina Faso vs 0.007% for Montenegro.
- For the last 10 years, Burkina Faso has had an average growth rate of +2.63% per year vs +0.01% in Montenegro.
- Since 2006, the population of Burkina Faso has increased from 14.4M people to 24.8M (72.2% growth), while Montenegro has declined from 615K to 612K (0.44% decline).
Burkina Faso vs Montenegro: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Burkina Faso
|
Montenegro
|
|
| 2100 | 50,408,328 | 319,719 |
| 2099 | 50,383,919 | 323,351 |
| 2098 | 50,352,973 | 326,940 |
| 2097 | 50,313,705 | 330,574 |
| 2096 | 50,266,628 | 334,217 |
| 2095 | 50,218,948 | 337,856 |
| 2094 | 50,162,122 | 341,490 |
| 2093 | 50,097,256 | 345,159 |
| 2092 | 50,020,865 | 348,826 |
| 2091 | 49,941,829 | 352,520 |
| 2090 | 49,849,369 | 356,219 |
| 2089 | 49,746,842 | 359,924 |
| 2088 | 49,633,009 | 363,602 |
| 2087 | 49,506,797 | 367,324 |
| 2086 | 49,374,214 | 371,059 |
| 2085 | 49,231,459 | 374,829 |
| 2084 | 49,078,733 | 378,644 |
| 2083 | 48,912,839 | 382,455 |
| 2082 | 48,738,088 | 386,310 |
| 2081 | 48,550,361 | 390,224 |
| 2080 | 48,350,756 | 394,179 |
| 2079 | 48,139,621 | 398,175 |
| 2078 | 47,915,623 | 402,181 |
| 2077 | 47,674,670 | 406,200 |
| 2076 | 47,421,548 | 410,263 |
| 2075 | 47,161,253 | 414,376 |
| 2074 | 46,887,164 | 418,534 |
| 2073 | 46,596,755 | 422,748 |
| 2072 | 46,296,320 | 426,952 |
| 2071 | 45,987,906 | 431,230 |
| 2070 | 45,669,374 | 435,563 |
| 2069 | 45,339,502 | 439,868 |
| 2068 | 45,000,338 | 444,186 |
| 2067 | 44,651,960 | 448,555 |
| 2066 | 44,295,017 | 452,869 |
| 2065 | 43,931,890 | 457,298 |
| 2064 | 43,554,812 | 461,706 |
| 2063 | 43,171,791 | 466,110 |
| 2062 | 42,781,734 | 470,496 |
| 2061 | 42,378,127 | 474,871 |
| 2060 | 41,969,941 | 479,291 |
| 2059 | 41,556,223 | 483,635 |
| 2058 | 41,132,214 | 487,928 |
| 2057 | 40,699,958 | 492,253 |
| 2056 | 40,263,674 | 496,682 |
| 2055 | 39,819,396 | 501,038 |
| 2054 | 39,368,928 | 505,324 |
| 2053 | 38,908,013 | 509,555 |
| 2052 | 38,440,539 | 513,782 |
| 2051 | 37,966,813 | 517,954 |
| 2050 | 37,484,179 | 522,097 |
| 2049 | 36,994,052 | 526,241 |
| 2048 | 36,499,739 | 530,291 |
| 2047 | 35,993,831 | 534,410 |
| 2046 | 35,483,039 | 538,441 |
| 2045 | 34,962,697 | 542,441 |
| 2044 | 34,435,436 | 546,404 |
| 2043 | 33,904,610 | 550,390 |
| 2042 | 33,368,223 | 554,278 |
| 2041 | 32,828,377 | 558,200 |
| 2040 | 32,285,754 | 562,081 |
| 2039 | 31,738,667 | 565,966 |
| 2038 | 31,188,815 | 569,835 |
| 2037 | 30,636,433 | 573,678 |
| 2036 | 30,081,085 | 577,477 |
| 2035 | 29,523,750 | 581,230 |
| 2034 | 28,963,008 | 584,919 |
| 2033 | 28,405,067 | 588,552 |
| 2032 | 27,853,260 | 592,122 |
| 2031 | 27,304,165 | 595,610 |
| 2030 | 26,759,978 | 599,030 |
| 2029 | 26,220,635 | 602,416 |
| 2028 | 25,682,620 | 605,742 |
| 2027 | 25,146,586 | 608,990 |
| 2026 | 24,612,250 | 612,312 |
| 2025 | 24,080,445 | 621,659 |
| 2024 | 23,548,781 | 623,525 |
| 2023 | 23,025,776 | 623,529 |
| 2022 | 22,509,038 | 623,591 |
| 2021 | 21,995,243 | 625,053 |
| 2020 | 21,478,690 | 626,590 |
| 2019 | 20,961,952 | 626,753 |
| 2018 | 20,438,288 | 626,438 |
| 2017 | 19,894,407 | 625,982 |
| 2016 | 19,334,856 | 625,353 |
| 2015 | 18,777,487 | 624,651 |
| 2014 | 18,229,461 | 623,744 |
| 2013 | 17,695,409 | 622,587 |
| 2012 | 17,172,287 | 621,418 |
| 2011 | 16,661,908 | 620,345 |
| 2010 | 16,176,498 | 619,428 |
| 2009 | 15,710,066 | 618,294 |
| 2008 | 15,258,093 | 616,969 |
| 2007 | 14,816,307 | 615,875 |
| 2006 | 14,373,707 | 615,025 |
| 2005 | 13,932,123 | 614,261 |
| 2004 | 13,500,533 | 613,353 |
| 2003 | 13,082,532 | 612,267 |
| 2002 | 12,680,897 | 609,828 |
| 2001 | 12,295,001 | 607,389 |
| 2000 | 11,925,546 | 604,950 |
| 1999 | 11,574,928 | 606,001 |
| 1998 | 11,240,664 | 607,662 |
| 1997 | 10,934,223 | 609,520 |
| 1996 | 10,655,942 | 611,003 |
| 1995 | 10,386,722 | 611,712 |
| 1994 | 10,123,798 | 611,389 |
| 1993 | 9,871,713 | 610,170 |
| 1992 | 9,629,275 | 608,516 |
| 1991 | 9,394,632 | 607,105 |
| 1990 | 9,159,356 | 606,372 |
| 1989 | 8,921,175 | 606,571 |
| 1988 | 8,687,435 | 607,413 |
| 1987 | 8,457,109 | 608,144 |
| 1986 | 8,228,847 | 607,711 |
| 1985 | 7,999,935 | 605,398 |
| 1984 | 7,772,256 | 600,884 |
| 1983 | 7,551,129 | 594,506 |
| 1982 | 7,340,197 | 587,001 |
| 1981 | 7,140,271 | 579,445 |
| 1980 | 6,947,900 | 572,608 |
| 1979 | 6,763,903 | 566,888 |
| 1978 | 6,590,984 | 562,065 |
| 1977 | 6,428,734 | 557,576 |
| 1976 | 6,280,635 | 552,562 |
| 1975 | 6,147,569 | 546,487 |
| 1974 | 6,024,904 | 538,902 |
| 1973 | 5,911,927 | 530,220 |
| 1972 | 5,807,234 | 521,785 |
| 1971 | 5,707,999 | 515,449 |
| 1970 | 5,610,304 | 512,407 |
| 1969 | 5,513,177 | 513,340 |
| 1968 | 5,418,644 | 517,481 |
| 1967 | 5,326,348 | 522,796 |
| 1966 | 5,237,933 | 526,419 |
| 1965 | 5,152,833 | 526,327 |
| 1964 | 5,071,034 | 521,753 |
| 1963 | 4,993,623 | 513,409 |
| 1962 | 4,919,672 | 502,558 |
| 1961 | 4,848,224 | 491,140 |
| 1960 | 4,778,621 | 480,579 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/burkina-faso/montenegro | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Burkina Faso increased by 4,961,149 people (a 34.5% growth), while Montenegro gained 10,328 people (a 1.68% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Burkina Faso gained 5,421,927 people (a 28% growth), while Montenegro's population decreased by 13,041 people (a 2.09% decline).
Burkina Faso was ranked 63rd most populous country in 2006 and is 59th in 2026. Montenegro was ranked 162nd in 2006 and ranked 166th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Burkina Faso's population will grow by 51.4% to 37,484,179 people with a rank change from 59th to 56th. The population of Montenegro will decrease by 14.7% to 522,097 people and rank change from 166th to 170th.
Burkina Faso is projected to reach its peak in 2100 at 50.4M people, while Montenegro's population already peaked in 2019 at 627K people and is projected to decrease to 320K people by 2100.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Burkina Faso
|
Montenegro
|
|
| 2100 | 0.05% | -1.12% |
| 2099 | 0.06% | -1.1% |
| 2098 | 0.08% | -1.1% |
| 2097 | 0.09% | -1.09% |
| 2096 | 0.09% | -1.08% |
| 2095 | 0.11% | -1.06% |
| 2094 | 0.13% | -1.06% |
| 2093 | 0.15% | -1.05% |
| 2092 | 0.16% | -1.05% |
| 2091 | 0.19% | -1.04% |
| 2090 | 0.21% | -1.03% |
| 2089 | 0.23% | -1.01% |
| 2088 | 0.25% | -1.01% |
| 2087 | 0.27% | -1.01% |
| 2086 | 0.29% | -1.01% |
| 2085 | 0.31% | -1.01% |
| 2084 | 0.34% | -1% |
| 2083 | 0.36% | -1% |
| 2082 | 0.39% | -1% |
| 2081 | 0.41% | -1% |
| 2080 | 0.44% | -1% |
| 2079 | 0.47% | -1% |
| 2078 | 0.51% | -0.99% |
| 2077 | 0.53% | -0.99% |
| 2076 | 0.55% | -0.99% |
| 2075 | 0.58% | -0.99% |
| 2074 | 0.62% | -1% |
| 2073 | 0.65% | -0.98% |
| 2072 | 0.67% | -0.99% |
| 2071 | 0.7% | -0.99% |
| 2070 | 0.73% | -0.98% |
| 2069 | 0.75% | -0.97% |
| 2068 | 0.78% | -0.97% |
| 2067 | 0.81% | -0.95% |
| 2066 | 0.83% | -0.97% |
| 2065 | 0.87% | -0.95% |
| 2064 | 0.89% | -0.94% |
| 2063 | 0.91% | -0.93% |
| 2062 | 0.95% | -0.92% |
| 2061 | 0.97% | -0.92% |
| 2060 | 1% | -0.9% |
| 2059 | 1.03% | -0.88% |
| 2058 | 1.06% | -0.88% |
| 2057 | 1.08% | -0.89% |
| 2056 | 1.12% | -0.87% |
| 2055 | 1.14% | -0.85% |
| 2054 | 1.18% | -0.83% |
| 2053 | 1.22% | -0.82% |
| 2052 | 1.25% | -0.81% |
| 2051 | 1.29% | -0.79% |
| 2050 | 1.32% | -0.79% |
| 2049 | 1.35% | -0.76% |
| 2048 | 1.41% | -0.77% |
| 2047 | 1.44% | -0.75% |
| 2046 | 1.49% | -0.74% |
| 2045 | 1.53% | -0.73% |
| 2044 | 1.57% | -0.72% |
| 2043 | 1.61% | -0.7% |
| 2042 | 1.64% | -0.7% |
| 2041 | 1.68% | -0.69% |
| 2040 | 1.72% | -0.69% |
| 2039 | 1.76% | -0.68% |
| 2038 | 1.8% | -0.67% |
| 2037 | 1.85% | -0.66% |
| 2036 | 1.89% | -0.65% |
| 2035 | 1.94% | -0.63% |
| 2034 | 1.96% | -0.62% |
| 2033 | 1.98% | -0.6% |
| 2032 | 2.01% | -0.59% |
| 2031 | 2.03% | -0.57% |
| 2030 | 2.06% | -0.56% |
| 2029 | 2.09% | -0.55% |
| 2028 | 2.13% | -0.53% |
| 2027 | 2.17% | -0.54% |
| 2026 | 2.21% | -1.5% |
| 2025 | 2.26% | -0.3% |
| 2024 | 2.27% | -0.001% |
| 2023 | 2.3% | -0.01% |
| 2022 | 2.34% | -0.23% |
| 2021 | 2.4% | -0.25% |
| 2020 | 2.47% | -0.03% |
| 2019 | 2.56% | 0.05% |
| 2018 | 2.73% | 0.07% |
| 2017 | 2.89% | 0.1% |
| 2016 | 2.97% | 0.11% |
| 2015 | 3.01% | 0.15% |
| 2014 | 3.02% | 0.19% |
| 2013 | 3.05% | 0.19% |
| 2012 | 3.06% | 0.17% |
| 2011 | 3% | 0.15% |
| 2010 | 2.97% | 0.18% |
| 2009 | 2.96% | 0.21% |
| 2008 | 2.98% | 0.18% |
| 2007 | 3.08% | 0.14% |
| 2006 | 3.17% | 0.12% |
| 2005 | 3.2% | 0.15% |
| 2004 | 3.2% | 0.18% |
| 2003 | 3.17% | 0.4% |
| 2002 | 3.14% | 0.4% |
| 2001 | 3.1% | 0.4% |
| 2000 | 3.03% | -0.17% |
| 1999 | 2.97% | -0.27% |
| 1998 | 2.8% | -0.3% |
| 1997 | 2.61% | -0.24% |
| 1996 | 2.59% | -0.12% |
| 1995 | 2.6% | 0.05% |
| 1994 | 2.55% | 0.2% |
| 1993 | 2.52% | 0.27% |
| 1992 | 2.5% | 0.23% |
| 1991 | 2.57% | 0.12% |
| 1990 | 2.67% | -0.03% |
| 1989 | 2.69% | -0.14% |
| 1988 | 2.72% | -0.12% |
| 1987 | 2.77% | 0.07% |
| 1986 | 2.86% | 0.38% |
| 1985 | 2.93% | 0.75% |
| 1984 | 2.93% | 1.07% |
| 1983 | 2.87% | 1.28% |
| 1982 | 2.8% | 1.3% |
| 1981 | 2.77% | 1.19% |
| 1980 | 2.72% | 1.01% |
| 1979 | 2.62% | 0.86% |
| 1978 | 2.52% | 0.81% |
| 1977 | 2.36% | 0.91% |
| 1976 | 2.16% | 1.11% |
| 1975 | 2.04% | 1.41% |
| 1974 | 1.91% | 1.64% |
| 1973 | 1.8% | 1.62% |
| 1972 | 1.74% | 1.23% |
| 1971 | 1.74% | 0.59% |
| 1970 | 1.76% | -0.18% |
| 1969 | 1.74% | -0.8% |
| 1968 | 1.73% | -1.02% |
| 1967 | 1.69% | -0.69% |
| 1966 | 1.65% | 0.02% |
| 1965 | 1.61% | 0.88% |
| 1964 | 1.55% | 1.63% |
| 1963 | 1.5% | 2.16% |
| 1962 | 1.47% | 2.32% |
| 1961 | 1.46% | 2.2% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1961–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/burkina-faso/montenegro | CC BY
In 2024, the population of Burkina Faso grew by 2.27%, while Montenegro's population declined by 0.0006%.
Live population counters
|
Burkina Faso
|
Montenegro
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
24756783
|
612312
|
| Population rank | 59/197 | 166/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.3% | 0.007% |
| One net population change |
1 minute
|
3.26 months
|
| One birth every |
43.3 seconds
|
1.25 hours
|
| One death every |
2.87 minutes
|
1.39 hours
|
| Daily growth/decline | +1,433 | +0 |
| Annual growth/decline | +523,005 | -4 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +2.27% | -0.0006% |
| Population growth rate rank | 39/197 | 164/197 |
| One migration net change every |
19.4 minutes
|
56.8 minutes
|
| Annual migration change | -27,130 | -9,279 |
| Net migration rank | 158/196 | 131/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 739,820 | 92,237 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 68/195 | 134/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 3.1% | 14.4% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 115/195 | 45/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Burkina Faso
|
Montenegro
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | -27,130 | - | -9,279 |
| 2024 | - | -25,807 | - | -1,686 |
| 2023 | 545,227 | -24,957 | 686 | 12,000 |
| 2022 | 538,146 | -24,960 | 0 | 26,332 |
| 2021 | 527,468 | -13,079 | -2,062 | -2,344 |
| 2020 | 524,359 | -5,661 | -188 | -3,310 |
| 2019 | 540,001 | -25,240 | 627 | -4,083 |
| 2018 | 556,493 | -23,938 | 752 | -5,058 |
| 2017 | 569,975 | -14,780 | 939 | -4,948 |
| 2016 | 571,519 | -7,598 | 1,125 | -5,274 |
| 2015 | 570,554 | -19,726 | 1,062 | -4,863 |
| 2014 | 563,218 | -17,984 | 1,560 | -4,357 |
| 2013 | 556,096 | -33,212 | 1,557 | -2,478 |
| 2012 | 544,293 | -20,930 | 1,554 | -1,583 |
| 2011 | 530,765 | -33,391 | 1,365 | 0 |
| 2010 | 515,480 | -42,055 | 1,797 | -2,276 |
| 2009 | 499,596 | -40,148 | 2,783 | -3,456 |
| 2008 | 485,223 | -40,725 | 2,530 | -3,326 |
| 2007 | 467,277 | -28,202 | 1,848 | -3,056 |
| 2006 | 450,357 | -4,218 | 1,599 | -2,735 |
| 2005 | 427,243 | 9,795 | 1,536 | -2,247 |
| 2004 | 408,567 | 17,570 | 2,146 | -1,997 |
| 2003 | 394,516 | 15,359 | 2,632 | -3,178 |
| 2002 | 377,333 | 16,076 | 2,988 | -3,357 |
| 2001 | 367,731 | 10,654 | 3,462 | -3,511 |
| 2000 | 356,657 | 3,877 | 3,751 | -3,734 |
| 1999 | 342,630 | -1,922 | 3,454 | -3,487 |
| 1998 | 333,196 | -5,367 | 3,889 | -3,326 |
| 1997 | 322,253 | -37,200 | 3,597 | -3,077 |
| 1996 | 315,820 | -44,314 | 4,155 | -3,051 |
| 1995 | 305,878 | -38,943 | 4,527 | -3,082 |
| 1994 | 296,465 | -37,554 | 4,381 | -2,889 |
| 1993 | 289,044 | -43,784 | 4,638 | -2,835 |
| 1992 | 284,622 | -45,003 | 5,015 | -2,942 |
| 1991 | 280,111 | -50,451 | 5,191 | -2,630 |
| 1990 | 273,846 | -32,970 | 5,010 | -1,705 |
| 1989 | 267,314 | -31,843 | 5,129 | -1,730 |
| 1988 | 262,065 | -30,068 | 5,529 | -2,165 |
| 1987 | 257,730 | -29,081 | 5,958 | -2,569 |
| 1986 | 252,922 | -25,051 | 6,097 | -2,747 |
| 1985 | 246,574 | -16,623 | 6,283 | -3,013 |
| 1984 | 237,838 | -12,445 | 6,337 | -3,074 |
| 1983 | 228,467 | -11,618 | 6,482 | -3,190 |
| 1982 | 220,896 | -15,879 | 6,419 | -3,151 |
| 1981 | 212,623 | -17,797 | 6,275 | -2,287 |
| 1980 | 205,248 | -15,345 | 6,383 | -450 |
| 1979 | 196,647 | -18,559 | 6,139 | -718 |
| 1978 | 187,019 | -19,274 | 6,408 | -1,103 |
| 1977 | 175,672 | -18,914 | 6,650 | -1,364 |
| 1976 | 165,224 | -25,786 | 6,845 | -1,447 |
| 1975 | 157,174 | -30,484 | 6,878 | -1,588 |
| 1974 | 149,231 | -30,599 | 6,919 | -1,669 |
| 1973 | 141,751 | -34,452 | 7,096 | -1,778 |
| 1972 | 135,756 | -33,679 | 7,252 | -1,922 |
| 1971 | 130,924 | -34,524 | 7,168 | -1,856 |
| 1970 | 127,814 | -28,832 | 7,069 | -2,013 |
| 1969 | 123,666 | -28,406 | 7,449 | -2,456 |
| 1968 | 121,264 | -27,461 | 7,497 | -2,404 |
| 1967 | 117,223 | -26,444 | 7,961 | -2,519 |
| 1966 | 113,344 | -27,301 | 8,661 | -2,751 |
| 1965 | 109,544 | -25,398 | 9,010 | -2,743 |
| 1964 | 105,741 | -26,307 | 9,227 | -2,734 |
| 1963 | 101,760 | -26,382 | 9,449 | -2,800 |
| 1962 | 98,561 | -26,040 | 9,402 | -2,606 |
| 1961 | 95,059 | -24,687 | 9,278 | -2,254 |
| 1960 | 92,055 | -23,220 | 9,144 | -2,467 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/burkina-faso/montenegro | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 96.9% of the population change in Burkina Faso is from natural causes (a gain of 5,506,960 people) and 3.13% is from migration (a loss of 177,923 people). In Montenegro 52.4% is from natural causes (a gain of 4,501 people) and 47.6% is from migration (a gain of 4,095 people).
As of 2024, 739,820 residents or 3.1% of the population were not native-born in Burkina Faso, compared to 92,237 people or 14.4% in Montenegro.
Biggest cities by population
|
Burkina Faso
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Ouagadougou | 2.45M |
| Bobo-Dioulasso | 904K |
| Koudougou | 160K |
| Ouahigouya | 125K |
| Fada N'gourma | 73.2K |
| Dedougou | 63.6K |
| Leo | 51.7K |
| Dori | 46.5K |
| Nouna | 32.4K |
| Manga | 28.6K |
|
Montenegro
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Podgorica | 151K |
| Ulcinj | 19.9K |
| Cetinje | 14K |
| Plav | 13.8K |
| Bar | 13.7K |
| Budva | 13.3K |
| Berane | 11.1K |
| Mojkovac | 3.59K |
| Kotor | 961 |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between Burkina Faso and Montenegro
|
Burkina Faso
|
Montenegro
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 61.6 years | 77.6 years |
| Average age | 22.9 years | 40.3 years |
| Median age | 18.6 years | 40.6 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 49.8:50.2 | 48.1:51.9 |
| Fertility rate | 4.19 births per woman | 1.74 births per woman |
| Population density | 233 ppl/mi² | 117.9 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20).
GeoRank.org/population/burkina-faso/montenegro | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-02-08)
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