The latest officially reported population of Papua New Guinea was 10,576,502 in 2024 vs 8,642,022 people in Sierra Leone in 2024. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Papua New Guinea's population is 11,002,753 people compared to 9,049,533 in Sierra Leone.
Population statistics:
- Papua New Guinea's population is 1.22 times bigger than Sierra Leone's.
- Papua New Guinea is ranked the 89th most populous country in the world, while Sierra Leone is the 101st.
- The countries together account for 0.24% of the world: 0.13% for Papua New Guinea vs 0.11% for Sierra Leone.
- For the last 10 years, Papua New Guinea has had an average growth rate of +2.23% per year vs +2.32% in Sierra Leone.
- Since 2006, the population of Papua New Guinea has increased from 6.75M people to 11M (63.1% growth), while Sierra Leone has grown from 5.62M to 9.05M (60.9% growth).
Papua New Guinea vs Sierra Leone: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
| 2100 | 18,802,138 | 16,111,324 |
| 2099 | 18,790,040 | 16,126,181 |
| 2098 | 18,776,265 | 16,139,280 |
| 2097 | 18,758,897 | 16,154,153 |
| 2096 | 18,737,707 | 16,164,923 |
| 2095 | 18,714,219 | 16,173,557 |
| 2094 | 18,687,257 | 16,173,155 |
| 2093 | 18,658,233 | 16,177,864 |
| 2092 | 18,625,772 | 16,175,032 |
| 2091 | 18,590,001 | 16,168,153 |
| 2090 | 18,549,501 | 16,158,415 |
| 2089 | 18,510,463 | 16,146,773 |
| 2088 | 18,468,827 | 16,133,018 |
| 2087 | 18,424,378 | 16,116,823 |
| 2086 | 18,376,043 | 16,089,780 |
| 2085 | 18,325,641 | 16,068,438 |
| 2084 | 18,274,394 | 16,044,782 |
| 2083 | 18,218,709 | 16,011,134 |
| 2082 | 18,163,177 | 15,975,073 |
| 2081 | 18,104,285 | 15,935,071 |
| 2080 | 18,039,008 | 15,896,846 |
| 2079 | 17,975,778 | 15,854,898 |
| 2078 | 17,908,670 | 15,805,607 |
| 2077 | 17,840,781 | 15,754,551 |
| 2076 | 17,771,791 | 15,699,439 |
| 2075 | 17,699,428 | 15,639,458 |
| 2074 | 17,625,044 | 15,584,377 |
| 2073 | 17,548,128 | 15,516,736 |
| 2072 | 17,466,649 | 15,446,543 |
| 2071 | 17,381,598 | 15,374,790 |
| 2070 | 17,295,105 | 15,297,449 |
| 2069 | 17,205,503 | 15,216,666 |
| 2068 | 17,112,154 | 15,128,048 |
| 2067 | 17,015,090 | 15,032,144 |
| 2066 | 16,915,436 | 14,935,222 |
| 2065 | 16,812,946 | 14,837,697 |
| 2064 | 16,708,669 | 14,740,749 |
| 2063 | 16,604,296 | 14,642,031 |
| 2062 | 16,497,292 | 14,529,557 |
| 2061 | 16,386,905 | 14,423,861 |
| 2060 | 16,270,535 | 14,311,215 |
| 2059 | 16,152,614 | 14,198,706 |
| 2058 | 16,032,684 | 14,080,827 |
| 2057 | 15,909,649 | 13,960,869 |
| 2056 | 15,784,519 | 13,836,132 |
| 2055 | 15,656,542 | 13,706,113 |
| 2054 | 15,523,143 | 13,579,802 |
| 2053 | 15,389,244 | 13,444,465 |
| 2052 | 15,250,715 | 13,303,409 |
| 2051 | 15,110,389 | 13,156,370 |
| 2050 | 14,968,530 | 13,010,109 |
| 2049 | 14,821,865 | 12,867,021 |
| 2048 | 14,673,459 | 12,716,015 |
| 2047 | 14,522,926 | 12,570,250 |
| 2046 | 14,370,120 | 12,414,307 |
| 2045 | 14,213,585 | 12,257,874 |
| 2044 | 14,056,036 | 12,092,075 |
| 2043 | 13,897,765 | 11,931,531 |
| 2042 | 13,738,690 | 11,770,467 |
| 2041 | 13,577,382 | 11,602,993 |
| 2040 | 13,413,396 | 11,431,337 |
| 2039 | 13,247,486 | 11,262,807 |
| 2038 | 13,079,352 | 11,100,099 |
| 2037 | 12,909,735 | 10,931,629 |
| 2036 | 12,738,223 | 10,760,758 |
| 2035 | 12,566,543 | 10,585,702 |
| 2034 | 12,392,476 | 10,413,826 |
| 2033 | 12,218,246 | 10,241,196 |
| 2032 | 12,042,345 | 10,062,575 |
| 2031 | 11,865,316 | 9,883,708 |
| 2030 | 11,685,599 | 9,708,038 |
| 2029 | 11,504,890 | 9,532,000 |
| 2028 | 11,322,573 | 9,360,873 |
| 2027 | 11,138,409 | 9,179,702 |
| 2026 | 10,952,454 | 9,001,269 |
| 2025 | 10,765,048 | 8,822,114 |
| 2024 | 10,576,502 | 8,642,022 |
| 2023 | 10,389,635 | 8,460,512 |
| 2022 | 10,203,169 | 8,276,807 |
| 2021 | 10,012,896 | 8,094,602 |
| 2020 | 9,815,746 | 7,912,558 |
| 2019 | 9,609,010 | 7,731,991 |
| 2018 | 9,394,513 | 7,554,563 |
| 2017 | 9,178,714 | 7,379,299 |
| 2016 | 8,961,718 | 7,205,328 |
| 2015 | 8,743,246 | 7,037,655 |
| 2014 | 8,523,441 | 6,876,385 |
| 2013 | 8,302,698 | 6,714,051 |
| 2012 | 8,081,390 | 6,551,080 |
| 2011 | 7,859,346 | 6,387,251 |
| 2010 | 7,633,523 | 6,222,714 |
| 2009 | 7,406,438 | 6,055,646 |
| 2008 | 7,183,002 | 5,894,722 |
| 2007 | 6,963,345 | 5,749,352 |
| 2006 | 6,747,720 | 5,624,466 |
| 2005 | 6,535,905 | 5,501,712 |
| 2004 | 6,328,041 | 5,355,717 |
| 2003 | 6,123,997 | 5,177,687 |
| 2002 | 5,924,003 | 4,971,435 |
| 2001 | 5,728,435 | 4,692,716 |
| 2000 | 5,537,064 | 4,423,611 |
| 1999 | 5,349,333 | 4,318,043 |
| 1998 | 5,166,390 | 4,295,785 |
| 1997 | 4,987,883 | 4,253,716 |
| 1996 | 4,813,361 | 4,199,210 |
| 1995 | 4,644,278 | 4,179,179 |
| 1994 | 4,480,208 | 4,173,105 |
| 1993 | 4,320,872 | 4,157,130 |
| 1992 | 4,166,699 | 4,166,366 |
| 1991 | 4,021,837 | 4,246,267 |
| 1990 | 3,896,481 | 4,196,828 |
| 1989 | 3,796,078 | 4,034,037 |
| 1988 | 3,711,880 | 3,934,517 |
| 1987 | 3,632,543 | 3,829,718 |
| 1986 | 3,554,793 | 3,728,380 |
| 1985 | 3,478,936 | 3,638,438 |
| 1984 | 3,405,198 | 3,558,758 |
| 1983 | 3,333,633 | 3,481,646 |
| 1982 | 3,264,291 | 3,408,183 |
| 1981 | 3,197,019 | 3,338,940 |
| 1980 | 3,131,512 | 3,272,089 |
| 1979 | 3,067,341 | 3,207,499 |
| 1978 | 3,003,714 | 3,145,517 |
| 1977 | 2,940,327 | 3,085,354 |
| 1976 | 2,877,327 | 3,028,820 |
| 1975 | 2,814,820 | 2,974,657 |
| 1974 | 2,752,671 | 2,920,459 |
| 1973 | 2,690,629 | 2,866,955 |
| 1972 | 2,628,432 | 2,814,388 |
| 1971 | 2,566,421 | 2,763,222 |
| 1970 | 2,505,628 | 2,712,286 |
| 1969 | 2,446,927 | 2,661,365 |
| 1968 | 2,390,803 | 2,611,532 |
| 1967 | 2,337,532 | 2,562,384 |
| 1966 | 2,285,774 | 2,514,638 |
| 1965 | 2,235,820 | 2,468,666 |
| 1964 | 2,188,325 | 2,424,390 |
| 1963 | 2,141,376 | 2,382,258 |
| 1962 | 2,093,919 | 2,342,242 |
| 1961 | 2,046,127 | 2,304,227 |
| 1960 | 1,995,110 | 2,268,356 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/papua-new-guinea/sierra-leone | CC BY
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Papua New Guinea increased by 2,213,998 people (a 32.8% growth), while Sierra Leone gained 1,580,862 people (a 28.1% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Papua New Guinea gained 2,041,035 people (a 22.8% growth), while Sierra Leone's population increased by 1,844,205 people (a 25.6% growth).
Papua New Guinea was ranked 100th most populous country in 2006 and is 89th in 2026. Sierra Leone was ranked 106th in 2006 and ranked 101st now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Papua New Guinea's population will grow by 36% to 14,968,530 people with a rank change from 89th to 85th. The population of Sierra Leone will increase by 43.8% to 13,010,109 people and rank change from 101st to 91st.
Papua New Guinea is projected to reach its peak in 2100 at 18.8M people compared to the peak of 16.2M people in 2093 for Sierra Leone.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
| 2100 | 0.06% | -0.09% |
| 2099 | 0.07% | -0.08% |
| 2098 | 0.09% | -0.09% |
| 2097 | 0.11% | -0.07% |
| 2096 | 0.13% | -0.05% |
| 2095 | 0.14% | 0.002% |
| 2094 | 0.16% | -0.03% |
| 2093 | 0.17% | 0.02% |
| 2092 | 0.19% | 0.04% |
| 2091 | 0.22% | 0.06% |
| 2090 | 0.21% | 0.07% |
| 2089 | 0.23% | 0.09% |
| 2088 | 0.24% | 0.1% |
| 2087 | 0.26% | 0.17% |
| 2086 | 0.28% | 0.13% |
| 2085 | 0.28% | 0.15% |
| 2084 | 0.31% | 0.21% |
| 2083 | 0.31% | 0.23% |
| 2082 | 0.33% | 0.25% |
| 2081 | 0.36% | 0.24% |
| 2080 | 0.35% | 0.26% |
| 2079 | 0.37% | 0.31% |
| 2078 | 0.38% | 0.32% |
| 2077 | 0.39% | 0.35% |
| 2076 | 0.41% | 0.38% |
| 2075 | 0.42% | 0.35% |
| 2074 | 0.44% | 0.44% |
| 2073 | 0.47% | 0.45% |
| 2072 | 0.49% | 0.47% |
| 2071 | 0.5% | 0.51% |
| 2070 | 0.52% | 0.53% |
| 2069 | 0.55% | 0.59% |
| 2068 | 0.57% | 0.64% |
| 2067 | 0.59% | 0.65% |
| 2066 | 0.61% | 0.66% |
| 2065 | 0.62% | 0.66% |
| 2064 | 0.63% | 0.67% |
| 2063 | 0.65% | 0.77% |
| 2062 | 0.67% | 0.73% |
| 2061 | 0.72% | 0.79% |
| 2060 | 0.73% | 0.79% |
| 2059 | 0.75% | 0.84% |
| 2058 | 0.77% | 0.86% |
| 2057 | 0.79% | 0.9% |
| 2056 | 0.82% | 0.95% |
| 2055 | 0.86% | 0.93% |
| 2054 | 0.87% | 1.01% |
| 2053 | 0.91% | 1.06% |
| 2052 | 0.93% | 1.12% |
| 2051 | 0.95% | 1.12% |
| 2050 | 0.99% | 1.11% |
| 2049 | 1.01% | 1.19% |
| 2048 | 1.04% | 1.16% |
| 2047 | 1.06% | 1.26% |
| 2046 | 1.1% | 1.28% |
| 2045 | 1.12% | 1.37% |
| 2044 | 1.14% | 1.35% |
| 2043 | 1.16% | 1.37% |
| 2042 | 1.19% | 1.44% |
| 2041 | 1.22% | 1.5% |
| 2040 | 1.25% | 1.5% |
| 2039 | 1.29% | 1.47% |
| 2038 | 1.31% | 1.54% |
| 2037 | 1.35% | 1.59% |
| 2036 | 1.37% | 1.65% |
| 2035 | 1.4% | 1.65% |
| 2034 | 1.43% | 1.69% |
| 2033 | 1.46% | 1.78% |
| 2032 | 1.49% | 1.81% |
| 2031 | 1.54% | 1.81% |
| 2030 | 1.57% | 1.85% |
| 2029 | 1.61% | 1.83% |
| 2028 | 1.65% | 1.97% |
| 2027 | 1.7% | 1.98% |
| 2026 | 1.74% | 2.03% |
| 2025 | 1.78% | 2.08% |
| 2024 | 1.8% | 2.15% |
| 2023 | 1.83% | 2.22% |
| 2022 | 1.9% | 2.25% |
| 2021 | 2.01% | 2.3% |
| 2020 | 2.15% | 2.34% |
| 2019 | 2.28% | 2.35% |
| 2018 | 2.35% | 2.38% |
| 2017 | 2.42% | 2.41% |
| 2016 | 2.5% | 2.38% |
| 2015 | 2.58% | 2.35% |
| 2014 | 2.66% | 2.42% |
| 2013 | 2.74% | 2.49% |
| 2012 | 2.83% | 2.56% |
| 2011 | 2.96% | 2.64% |
| 2010 | 3.07% | 2.76% |
| 2009 | 3.11% | 2.73% |
| 2008 | 3.15% | 2.53% |
| 2007 | 3.2% | 2.22% |
| 2006 | 3.24% | 2.23% |
| 2005 | 3.28% | 2.73% |
| 2004 | 3.33% | 3.44% |
| 2003 | 3.38% | 4.15% |
| 2002 | 3.41% | 5.94% |
| 2001 | 3.46% | 6.08% |
| 2000 | 3.51% | 2.44% |
| 1999 | 3.54% | 0.52% |
| 1998 | 3.58% | 0.99% |
| 1997 | 3.63% | 1.3% |
| 1996 | 3.64% | 0.48% |
| 1995 | 3.66% | 0.15% |
| 1994 | 3.69% | 0.38% |
| 1993 | 3.7% | -0.22% |
| 1992 | 3.6% | -1.88% |
| 1991 | 3.22% | 1.18% |
| 1990 | 2.64% | 4.04% |
| 1989 | 2.27% | 2.53% |
| 1988 | 2.18% | 2.74% |
| 1987 | 2.19% | 2.72% |
| 1986 | 2.18% | 2.47% |
| 1985 | 2.17% | 2.24% |
| 1984 | 2.15% | 2.21% |
| 1983 | 2.12% | 2.16% |
| 1982 | 2.1% | 2.07% |
| 1981 | 2.09% | 2.04% |
| 1980 | 2.09% | 2.01% |
| 1979 | 2.12% | 1.97% |
| 1978 | 2.16% | 1.95% |
| 1977 | 2.19% | 1.87% |
| 1976 | 2.22% | 1.82% |
| 1975 | 2.26% | 1.86% |
| 1974 | 2.31% | 1.87% |
| 1973 | 2.37% | 1.87% |
| 1972 | 2.42% | 1.85% |
| 1971 | 2.43% | 1.88% |
| 1970 | 2.4% | 1.91% |
| 1969 | 2.35% | 1.91% |
| 1968 | 2.28% | 1.92% |
| 1967 | 2.26% | 1.9% |
| 1966 | 2.23% | 1.86% |
| 1965 | 2.17% | 1.83% |
| 1964 | 2.19% | 1.77% |
| 1963 | 2.27% | 1.71% |
| 1962 | 2.34% | 1.65% |
| 1961 | 2.56% | 1.58% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1961–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/papua-new-guinea/sierra-leone | CC BY
In 2024, the population of Papua New Guinea grew by 1.8%, while Sierra Leone's population grew by 2.15%.
Live population counters
|
|
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
11002753
|
9049533
|
| Population rank | 89/197 | 101/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.13% | 0.11% |
| One net population change |
2.81 minutes
|
2.9 minutes
|
| One birth every |
2.06 minutes
|
2.03 minutes
|
| One death every |
7.76 minutes
|
7.5 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | +512 | +497 |
| Annual growth/decline | +186,867 | +181,510 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +1.8% | +2.15% |
| Population growth rate rank | 59/197 | 47/197 |
| One migration net change every |
1.29 days
|
46.6 minutes
|
| Annual migration change | -284 | -11,309 |
| Net migration rank | 87/196 | 136/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 31,171 | 49,997 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 163/195 | 151/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 0.3% | 0.6% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 183/195 | 174/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | -284 | - | -11,309 |
| 2024 | - | -707 | - | -11,000 |
| 2023 | 187,637 | -787 | 188,788 | -4,000 |
| 2022 | 186,861 | -787 | 186,625 | -4,000 |
| 2021 | 183,766 | 10,703 | 183,326 | -1,544 |
| 2020 | 189,130 | 10,703 | 181,015 | 1,292 |
| 2019 | 190,662 | 22,978 | 181,068 | -2,238 |
| 2018 | 190,662 | 24,684 | 178,772 | -2,741 |
| 2017 | 189,715 | 26,513 | 173,259 | 1,234 |
| 2016 | 189,281 | 28,473 | 168,784 | 4,657 |
| 2015 | 188,600 | 30,580 | 162,275 | -356 |
| 2014 | 187,592 | 32,840 | 160,137 | 485 |
| 2013 | 185,790 | 35,280 | 161,265 | 2,773 |
| 2012 | 183,658 | 37,893 | 160,915 | 988 |
| 2011 | 181,842 | 40,690 | 158,858 | 6,895 |
| 2010 | 178,998 | 50,106 | 155,338 | 7,983 |
| 2009 | 175,421 | 49,647 | 152,669 | 18,145 |
| 2008 | 172,823 | 48,985 | 149,855 | 1,182 |
| 2007 | 169,306 | 48,203 | 145,740 | -6,042 |
| 2006 | 166,540 | 47,191 | 144,127 | -34,052 |
| 2005 | 163,888 | 46,014 | 137,234 | -1,805 |
| 2004 | 161,023 | 44,811 | 132,661 | 23,897 |
| 2003 | 158,611 | 43,639 | 130,312 | 69,185 |
| 2002 | 155,091 | 42,657 | 126,429 | 86,578 |
| 2001 | 151,431 | 41,962 | 116,647 | 227,791 |
| 2000 | 147,496 | 41,855 | 110,754 | 83,013 |
| 1999 | 143,592 | 42,519 | 102,295 | -84,926 |
| 1998 | 136,677 | 43,091 | 103,906 | -76,766 |
| 1997 | 134,458 | 42,787 | 105,433 | -48,437 |
| 1996 | 129,802 | 41,994 | 104,140 | -52,110 |
| 1995 | 125,410 | 40,962 | 100,885 | -112,857 |
| 1994 | 122,113 | 39,669 | 101,486 | -77,371 |
| 1993 | 118,668 | 38,220 | 103,317 | -95,476 |
| 1992 | 114,818 | 36,622 | 103,251 | -129,565 |
| 1991 | 111,453 | 26,830 | 105,477 | -238,965 |
| 1990 | 110,033 | 2,398 | 100,778 | 131,587 |
| 1989 | 108,199 | -19,824 | 98,298 | -5,079 |
| 1988 | 106,256 | -26,232 | 96,344 | 9,470 |
| 1987 | 104,367 | -25,720 | 94,235 | 9,558 |
| 1986 | 102,346 | -25,495 | 90,902 | 7,992 |
| 1985 | 100,333 | -25,470 | 88,869 | -7,873 |
| 1984 | 98,103 | -25,487 | 87,072 | -8,708 |
| 1983 | 95,982 | -25,465 | 84,628 | -8,783 |
| 1982 | 93,522 | -25,355 | 82,457 | -11,379 |
| 1981 | 91,767 | -25,383 | 80,111 | -12,699 |
| 1980 | 90,266 | -25,638 | 77,932 | -11,641 |
| 1979 | 89,330 | -25,618 | 75,992 | -13,095 |
| 1978 | 88,747 | -25,208 | 74,130 | -13,073 |
| 1977 | 87,954 | -24,722 | 71,663 | -12,399 |
| 1976 | 86,965 | -24,198 | 69,506 | -15,686 |
| 1975 | 85,809 | -23,562 | 67,560 | -13,058 |
| 1974 | 84,829 | -22,771 | 65,357 | -11,473 |
| 1973 | 83,821 | -21,803 | 62,443 | -9,322 |
| 1972 | 82,672 | -20,303 | 60,279 | -8,267 |
| 1971 | 80,599 | -18,945 | 58,484 | -8,162 |
| 1970 | 78,712 | -18,773 | 56,513 | -4,957 |
| 1969 | 76,454 | -18,994 | 54,768 | -4,485 |
| 1968 | 73,983 | -19,188 | 53,126 | -3,743 |
| 1967 | 71,519 | -19,767 | 51,734 | -2,819 |
| 1966 | 69,206 | -17,454 | 49,486 | -2,911 |
| 1965 | 66,693 | -18,532 | 47,223 | -1,851 |
| 1964 | 64,558 | -17,730 | 45,487 | -2,308 |
| 1963 | 62,260 | -15,189 | 43,569 | -2,480 |
| 1962 | 59,974 | -12,141 | 41,603 | -2,658 |
| 1961 | 58,151 | -10,409 | 40,022 | -2,947 |
| 1960 | 56,326 | -2,034 | 38,192 | -3,528 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/papua-new-guinea/sierra-leone | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 91% of the population change in Papua New Guinea is from natural causes (a gain of 1,883,906 people) and 8.98% is from migration (a gain of 185,900 people). In Sierra Leone 99.6% is from natural causes (a gain of 1,764,049 people) and 0.41% is from migration (a loss of 7,211 people).
As of 2024, 31,171 residents or 0.3% of the population were not native-born in Papua New Guinea, compared to 49,997 people or 0.6% in Sierra Leone.
Biggest cities by population
|
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Port Moresby | 317K |
| Lae | 101K |
|
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Freetown | 951K |
| Bo | 234K |
| Kenema | 188K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between Papua New Guinea and Sierra Leone
|
|
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 66.5 years | 62.3 years |
| Average age | 26.7 years | 24.4 years |
| Median age | 23.6 years | 20.5 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 51.4:48.6 | 49.9:50.1 |
| Fertility rate | 3.1 births per woman | 3.79 births per woman |
| Population density | 62.6 ppl/mi² | 323 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20).
GeoRank.org/population/papua-new-guinea/sierra-leone | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-02-08)
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