The latest officially reported population of Belgium was 11,858,610 in 2024 vs 68,551,653 people in France in 2024. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Belgium's population is 11,902,714 people compared to 68,788,006 in France.
Population statistics:
- France's population is 5.78 times bigger than Belgium's.
- Belgium is ranked the 83rd most populous country in the world, while France is the 23rd.
- The countries together account for 0.97% of the world: 0.14% for Belgium vs 0.83% for France.
- For the last 10 years, Belgium has had an average growth rate of +0.55% per year vs +0.35% in France.
- Since 2006, the population of Belgium has increased from 10.5M people to 11.9M (12.8% growth), while France has grown from 63.6M to 68.8M (8.12% growth).
Belgium vs France: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Belgium
|
France
|
|
| 2100 | 11,193,616 | 70,613,012 |
| 2099 | 11,211,908 | 70,629,584 |
| 2098 | 11,230,002 | 70,639,488 |
| 2097 | 11,246,180 | 70,644,570 |
| 2096 | 11,261,636 | 70,651,179 |
| 2095 | 11,277,513 | 70,644,818 |
| 2094 | 11,293,934 | 70,628,949 |
| 2093 | 11,309,421 | 70,603,242 |
| 2092 | 11,325,500 | 70,580,656 |
| 2091 | 11,339,887 | 70,553,277 |
| 2090 | 11,354,304 | 70,520,528 |
| 2089 | 11,368,748 | 70,486,909 |
| 2088 | 11,384,019 | 70,447,851 |
| 2087 | 11,399,441 | 70,408,245 |
| 2086 | 11,413,731 | 70,365,710 |
| 2085 | 11,427,305 | 70,328,248 |
| 2084 | 11,441,192 | 70,285,895 |
| 2083 | 11,454,476 | 70,234,175 |
| 2082 | 11,468,827 | 70,193,367 |
| 2081 | 11,480,917 | 70,148,354 |
| 2080 | 11,494,860 | 70,107,021 |
| 2079 | 11,507,804 | 70,065,621 |
| 2078 | 11,522,057 | 70,025,358 |
| 2077 | 11,534,819 | 69,983,383 |
| 2076 | 11,546,262 | 69,940,036 |
| 2075 | 11,558,154 | 69,897,457 |
| 2074 | 11,571,164 | 69,862,353 |
| 2073 | 11,584,391 | 69,830,973 |
| 2072 | 11,597,605 | 69,804,981 |
| 2071 | 11,611,079 | 69,777,127 |
| 2070 | 11,627,079 | 69,764,791 |
| 2069 | 11,643,296 | 69,754,867 |
| 2068 | 11,660,663 | 69,756,896 |
| 2067 | 11,677,909 | 69,764,705 |
| 2066 | 11,696,417 | 69,773,902 |
| 2065 | 11,716,114 | 69,794,612 |
| 2064 | 11,736,957 | 69,818,938 |
| 2063 | 11,758,738 | 69,848,255 |
| 2062 | 11,780,812 | 69,886,879 |
| 2061 | 11,804,421 | 69,926,483 |
| 2060 | 11,825,799 | 69,968,809 |
| 2059 | 11,847,336 | 70,014,435 |
| 2058 | 11,867,449 | 70,057,256 |
| 2057 | 11,890,466 | 70,102,722 |
| 2056 | 11,911,901 | 70,146,920 |
| 2055 | 11,931,594 | 70,196,482 |
| 2054 | 11,950,146 | 70,236,369 |
| 2053 | 11,968,395 | 70,270,537 |
| 2052 | 11,984,694 | 70,295,830 |
| 2051 | 11,998,099 | 70,321,018 |
| 2050 | 12,008,766 | 70,335,872 |
| 2049 | 12,017,817 | 70,345,142 |
| 2048 | 12,024,879 | 70,343,943 |
| 2047 | 12,029,815 | 70,332,332 |
| 2046 | 12,032,975 | 70,314,243 |
| 2045 | 12,034,718 | 70,283,430 |
| 2044 | 12,034,116 | 70,244,405 |
| 2043 | 12,032,908 | 70,198,284 |
| 2042 | 12,030,714 | 70,137,343 |
| 2041 | 12,026,814 | 70,071,925 |
| 2040 | 12,023,124 | 70,006,064 |
| 2039 | 12,018,547 | 69,936,874 |
| 2038 | 12,012,586 | 69,858,693 |
| 2037 | 12,005,650 | 69,770,244 |
| 2036 | 11,999,298 | 69,681,800 |
| 2035 | 11,992,761 | 69,590,103 |
| 2034 | 11,985,730 | 69,496,656 |
| 2033 | 11,977,334 | 69,406,955 |
| 2032 | 11,969,302 | 69,316,572 |
| 2031 | 11,960,910 | 69,227,320 |
| 2030 | 11,951,381 | 69,136,856 |
| 2029 | 11,939,712 | 69,043,072 |
| 2028 | 11,927,038 | 68,951,924 |
| 2027 | 11,913,457 | 68,856,735 |
| 2026 | 11,898,731 | 68,762,523 |
| 2025 | 11,881,020 | 68,659,633 |
| 2024 | 11,858,610 | 68,551,653 |
| 2023 | 11,779,946 | 68,372,286 |
| 2022 | 11,680,210 | 68,184,457 |
| 2021 | 11,586,195 | 67,842,811 |
| 2020 | 11,538,604 | 67,601,110 |
| 2019 | 11,488,980 | 67,382,061 |
| 2018 | 11,427,054 | 67,158,348 |
| 2017 | 11,375,158 | 66,918,020 |
| 2016 | 11,331,422 | 66,724,104 |
| 2015 | 11,274,196 | 66,548,272 |
| 2014 | 11,209,057 | 66,312,067 |
| 2013 | 11,159,407 | 65,997,932 |
| 2012 | 11,106,932 | 65,657,659 |
| 2011 | 11,038,264 | 65,340,830 |
| 2010 | 10,895,586 | 65,026,211 |
| 2009 | 10,796,493 | 64,706,436 |
| 2008 | 10,709,973 | 64,375,116 |
| 2007 | 10,625,700 | 64,016,890 |
| 2006 | 10,547,958 | 63,622,342 |
| 2005 | 10,478,617 | 63,180,854 |
| 2004 | 10,421,137 | 62,707,588 |
| 2003 | 10,376,133 | 62,249,855 |
| 2002 | 10,332,785 | 61,812,142 |
| 2001 | 10,286,570 | 61,364,377 |
| 2000 | 10,251,250 | 60,918,661 |
| 1999 | 10,226,419 | 60,501,986 |
| 1998 | 10,203,008 | 60,190,684 |
| 1997 | 10,181,245 | 59,968,066 |
| 1996 | 10,156,637 | 59,754,504 |
| 1995 | 10,136,811 | 59,541,294 |
| 1994 | 10,115,603 | 59,324,863 |
| 1993 | 10,084,475 | 59,103,094 |
| 1992 | 10,045,158 | 58,846,584 |
| 1991 | 10,004,486 | 58,554,242 |
| 1990 | 9,967,379 | 58,261,012 |
| 1989 | 9,937,697 | 57,943,062 |
| 1988 | 9,901,664 | 57,598,186 |
| 1987 | 9,870,234 | 57,266,167 |
| 1986 | 9,861,823 | 56,956,002 |
| 1985 | 9,858,308 | 56,665,619 |
| 1984 | 9,855,372 | 56,383,085 |
| 1983 | 9,855,520 | 56,108,330 |
| 1982 | 9,856,303 | 55,806,789 |
| 1981 | 9,858,982 | 55,603,353 |
| 1980 | 9,859,242 | 55,274,184 |
| 1979 | 9,848,382 | 54,979,851 |
| 1978 | 9,839,534 | 54,734,030 |
| 1977 | 9,830,358 | 54,486,467 |
| 1976 | 9,818,227 | 54,232,383 |
| 1975 | 9,800,700 | 54,002,853 |
| 1974 | 9,772,419 | 53,746,571 |
| 1973 | 9,741,720 | 53,392,161 |
| 1972 | 9,711,115 | 52,962,356 |
| 1971 | 9,673,162 | 52,499,553 |
| 1970 | 9,655,549 | 52,007,169 |
| 1969 | 9,646,032 | 51,536,014 |
| 1968 | 9,618,756 | 51,112,980 |
| 1967 | 9,580,991 | 50,722,791 |
| 1966 | 9,527,807 | 50,311,637 |
| 1965 | 9,463,667 | 49,877,725 |
| 1964 | 9,378,113 | 49,401,492 |
| 1963 | 9,289,770 | 48,877,567 |
| 1962 | 9,220,578 | 48,389,516 |
| 1961 | 9,183,948 | 47,905,982 |
| 1960 | 9,153,489 | 47,412,964 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/belgium/france | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Belgium increased by 783,464 people (a 7.43% growth), while France gained 3,101,762 people (a 4.88% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Belgium gained 571,292 people (a 5.04% growth), while France's population increased by 2,063,902 people (a 3.09% growth).
Belgium was ranked 77th most populous country in 2006 and is 83rd in 2026. France was ranked 20th in 2006 and ranked 23rd now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Belgium's population will grow by 0.89% to 12,008,766 people with a rank change from 83rd to 92nd. The population of France will increase by 2.25% to 70,335,872 people and rank change from 23rd to 30th.
Belgium is projected to reach its peak in 2045 at 12M people compared to the peak of 70.7M people in 2096 for France.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Belgium
|
France
|
|
| 2100 | -0.16% | -0.02% |
| 2099 | -0.16% | -0.01% |
| 2098 | -0.14% | -0.007% |
| 2097 | -0.14% | -0.009% |
| 2096 | -0.14% | 0.009% |
| 2095 | -0.15% | 0.02% |
| 2094 | -0.14% | 0.04% |
| 2093 | -0.14% | 0.03% |
| 2092 | -0.13% | 0.04% |
| 2091 | -0.13% | 0.05% |
| 2090 | -0.13% | 0.05% |
| 2089 | -0.13% | 0.06% |
| 2088 | -0.14% | 0.06% |
| 2087 | -0.13% | 0.06% |
| 2086 | -0.12% | 0.05% |
| 2085 | -0.12% | 0.06% |
| 2084 | -0.12% | 0.07% |
| 2083 | -0.13% | 0.06% |
| 2082 | -0.11% | 0.06% |
| 2081 | -0.12% | 0.06% |
| 2080 | -0.11% | 0.06% |
| 2079 | -0.12% | 0.06% |
| 2078 | -0.11% | 0.06% |
| 2077 | -0.1% | 0.06% |
| 2076 | -0.1% | 0.06% |
| 2075 | -0.11% | 0.05% |
| 2074 | -0.11% | 0.04% |
| 2073 | -0.11% | 0.04% |
| 2072 | -0.12% | 0.04% |
| 2071 | -0.14% | 0.02% |
| 2070 | -0.14% | 0.01% |
| 2069 | -0.15% | -0.003% |
| 2068 | -0.15% | -0.01% |
| 2067 | -0.16% | -0.01% |
| 2066 | -0.17% | -0.03% |
| 2065 | -0.18% | -0.03% |
| 2064 | -0.19% | -0.04% |
| 2063 | -0.19% | -0.06% |
| 2062 | -0.2% | -0.06% |
| 2061 | -0.18% | -0.06% |
| 2060 | -0.18% | -0.07% |
| 2059 | -0.17% | -0.06% |
| 2058 | -0.19% | -0.06% |
| 2057 | -0.18% | -0.06% |
| 2056 | -0.17% | -0.07% |
| 2055 | -0.16% | -0.06% |
| 2054 | -0.15% | -0.05% |
| 2053 | -0.14% | -0.04% |
| 2052 | -0.11% | -0.04% |
| 2051 | -0.09% | -0.02% |
| 2050 | -0.08% | -0.01% |
| 2049 | -0.06% | 0.002% |
| 2048 | -0.04% | 0.02% |
| 2047 | -0.03% | 0.03% |
| 2046 | -0.01% | 0.04% |
| 2045 | 0.005% | 0.06% |
| 2044 | 0.01% | 0.07% |
| 2043 | 0.02% | 0.09% |
| 2042 | 0.03% | 0.09% |
| 2041 | 0.03% | 0.09% |
| 2040 | 0.04% | 0.1% |
| 2039 | 0.05% | 0.11% |
| 2038 | 0.06% | 0.13% |
| 2037 | 0.05% | 0.13% |
| 2036 | 0.05% | 0.13% |
| 2035 | 0.06% | 0.13% |
| 2034 | 0.07% | 0.13% |
| 2033 | 0.07% | 0.13% |
| 2032 | 0.07% | 0.13% |
| 2031 | 0.08% | 0.13% |
| 2030 | 0.1% | 0.14% |
| 2029 | 0.11% | 0.13% |
| 2028 | 0.11% | 0.14% |
| 2027 | 0.12% | 0.14% |
| 2026 | 0.15% | 0.15% |
| 2025 | 0.19% | 0.16% |
| 2024 | 0.67% | 0.26% |
| 2023 | 0.85% | 0.28% |
| 2022 | 0.81% | 0.5% |
| 2021 | 0.41% | 0.36% |
| 2020 | 0.43% | 0.33% |
| 2019 | 0.54% | 0.33% |
| 2018 | 0.46% | 0.36% |
| 2017 | 0.39% | 0.29% |
| 2016 | 0.51% | 0.26% |
| 2015 | 0.58% | 0.36% |
| 2014 | 0.44% | 0.48% |
| 2013 | 0.47% | 0.52% |
| 2012 | 0.62% | 0.48% |
| 2011 | 1.31% | 0.48% |
| 2010 | 0.92% | 0.49% |
| 2009 | 0.81% | 0.51% |
| 2008 | 0.79% | 0.56% |
| 2007 | 0.74% | 0.62% |
| 2006 | 0.66% | 0.7% |
| 2005 | 0.55% | 0.75% |
| 2004 | 0.43% | 0.74% |
| 2003 | 0.42% | 0.71% |
| 2002 | 0.45% | 0.73% |
| 2001 | 0.34% | 0.73% |
| 2000 | 0.24% | 0.69% |
| 1999 | 0.23% | 0.52% |
| 1998 | 0.21% | 0.37% |
| 1997 | 0.24% | 0.36% |
| 1996 | 0.2% | 0.36% |
| 1995 | 0.21% | 0.36% |
| 1994 | 0.31% | 0.38% |
| 1993 | 0.39% | 0.44% |
| 1992 | 0.41% | 0.5% |
| 1991 | 0.37% | 0.5% |
| 1990 | 0.3% | 0.55% |
| 1989 | 0.36% | 0.6% |
| 1988 | 0.32% | 0.58% |
| 1987 | 0.09% | 0.54% |
| 1986 | 0.04% | 0.51% |
| 1985 | 0.03% | 0.5% |
| 1984 | -0.002% | 0.49% |
| 1983 | -0.008% | 0.54% |
| 1982 | -0.03% | 0.37% |
| 1981 | -0.003% | 0.6% |
| 1980 | 0.11% | 0.54% |
| 1979 | 0.09% | 0.45% |
| 1978 | 0.09% | 0.45% |
| 1977 | 0.12% | 0.47% |
| 1976 | 0.18% | 0.43% |
| 1975 | 0.29% | 0.48% |
| 1974 | 0.32% | 0.66% |
| 1973 | 0.32% | 0.81% |
| 1972 | 0.39% | 0.88% |
| 1971 | 0.18% | 0.95% |
| 1970 | 0.1% | 0.91% |
| 1969 | 0.28% | 0.83% |
| 1968 | 0.39% | 0.77% |
| 1967 | 0.56% | 0.82% |
| 1966 | 0.68% | 0.87% |
| 1965 | 0.91% | 0.96% |
| 1964 | 0.95% | 1.07% |
| 1963 | 0.75% | 1.01% |
| 1962 | 0.4% | 1.01% |
| 1961 | 0.33% | 1.04% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1961–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/belgium/france | CC BY
In 2024, the population of Belgium grew by 0.67%, while France's population grew by 0.26%.
Live population counters
|
Belgium
|
France
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
11902714
|
68788006
|
| Population rank | 83/197 | 23/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.14% | 0.83% |
| One net population change |
6.68 minutes
|
2.93 minutes
|
| One birth every |
4.75 minutes
|
46.6 seconds
|
| One death every |
4.75 minutes
|
50.1 seconds
|
| Daily growth/decline | +216 | +491 |
| Annual growth/decline | +78,664 | +179,367 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +0.67% | +0.26% |
| Population growth rate rank | 119/197 | 152/197 |
| One migration net change every |
16.5 minutes
|
5.75 minutes
|
| Annual migration change | +31,989 | +91,737 |
| Net migration rank | 28/196 | 18/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 2,349,032 | 9,186,757 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 30/195 | 5/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 20% | 13.8% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 30/195 | 49/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Belgium
|
France
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | 31,989 | - | 91,737 |
| 2024 | - | 36,243 | - | 90,527 |
| 2023 | 0 | 41,679 | 47,860 | 91,862 |
| 2022 | -2,336 | 118,615 | 54,547 | 179,377 |
| 2021 | 5,793 | 24,017 | 74,627 | 131,465 |
| 2020 | -12,692 | 43,777 | 67,602 | 145,593 |
| 2019 | 8,042 | 58,469 | 141,503 | 71,972 |
| 2018 | 7,999 | 50,604 | 147,749 | 132,925 |
| 2017 | 10,238 | 37,981 | 160,604 | 102,984 |
| 2016 | 14,731 | 28,090 | 193,500 | 15,548 |
| 2015 | 11,274 | 63,536 | 206,300 | -345 |
| 2014 | 21,297 | 37,472 | 265,248 | 52,342 |
| 2013 | 16,739 | 28,066 | 244,192 | 116,297 |
| 2012 | 18,882 | 45,001 | 256,065 | 103,287 |
| 2011 | 25,388 | 52,464 | 280,966 | 70,178 |
| 2010 | 23,970 | 105,232 | 286,116 | 52,644 |
| 2009 | 23,752 | 97,175 | 278,238 | 58,032 |
| 2008 | 22,491 | 66,470 | 283,250 | 79,528 |
| 2007 | 23,376 | 59,911 | 288,076 | 91,973 |
| 2006 | 21,096 | 53,574 | 305,387 | 132,512 |
| 2005 | 15,718 | 50,576 | 271,677 | 191,417 |
| 2004 | 16,673 | 35,143 | 282,185 | 200,629 |
| 2003 | 7,263 | 34,472 | 230,325 | 195,616 |
| 2002 | 7,233 | 39,404 | 253,430 | 191,373 |
| 2001 | 11,315 | 34,924 | 263,867 | 179,476 |
| 2000 | 12,302 | 13,952 | 268,042 | 171,637 |
| 1999 | 9,203 | 16,849 | 229,907 | 169,448 |
| 1998 | 9,183 | 12,517 | 222,705 | 20,216 |
| 1997 | 12,218 | 10,262 | 215,885 | -15,255 |
| 1996 | 12,188 | 15,684 | 221,092 | -21,463 |
| 1995 | 11,150 | 1,937 | 220,303 | -17,128 |
| 1994 | 12,139 | 17,636 | 201,704 | -4,232 |
| 1993 | 14,118 | 18,542 | 224,592 | 16,892 |
| 1992 | 20,090 | 25,941 | 229,502 | 61,964 |
| 1991 | 22,010 | 27,038 | 234,216 | 35,201 |
| 1990 | 19,935 | 8,299 | 238,870 | 43,323 |
| 1989 | 13,912 | 7,301 | 243,361 | 82,052 |
| 1988 | 14,853 | 3,929 | 247,672 | 69,935 |
| 1987 | 11,844 | 3,525 | 251,971 | 59,890 |
| 1986 | 5,917 | 2,964 | 250,606 | 51,642 |
| 1985 | 2,958 | 2,165 | 249,328 | 66,149 |
| 1984 | 4,927 | 1,697 | 248,086 | 76,175 |
| 1983 | 2,956 | 1,252 | 235,655 | 88,166 |
| 1982 | 7,885 | 1,100 | 234,389 | 81,084 |
| 1981 | 11,831 | 2,826 | 222,414 | 69,365 |
| 1980 | 10,845 | 11,482 | 210,042 | 54,718 |
| 1979 | 11,818 | 11,277 | 208,923 | 34,295 |
| 1978 | 7,872 | 10,828 | 213,462 | 18,692 |
| 1977 | 8,847 | 10,460 | 217,946 | 44,918 |
| 1976 | 1,964 | 10,360 | 227,776 | 59,515 |
| 1975 | 0 | 9,652 | 248,413 | 16,139 |
| 1974 | 7,818 | 8,924 | 268,733 | 26,203 |
| 1973 | 11,690 | 8,684 | 282,979 | 103,910 |
| 1972 | 18,451 | 8,384 | 296,589 | 101,223 |
| 1971 | 21,281 | 7,992 | 309,747 | 144,321 |
| 1970 | 23,173 | 19,393 | 322,444 | 182,941 |
| 1969 | 21,221 | 20,072 | 329,831 | 160,403 |
| 1968 | 20,199 | 19,809 | 337,346 | 113,115 |
| 1967 | 31,618 | 19,492 | 339,843 | 63,018 |
| 1966 | 36,206 | 18,985 | 352,181 | 96,097 |
| 1965 | 39,748 | 18,243 | 354,132 | 82,879 |
| 1964 | 51,580 | 17,687 | 360,631 | 163,039 |
| 1963 | 41,804 | 16,355 | 361,694 | 190,925 |
| 1962 | 42,414 | 14,829 | 358,082 | 141,634 |
| 1961 | 52,349 | 10,566 | 354,504 | 128,618 |
| 1960 | 40,275 | 9,893 | 346,115 | 143,032 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/belgium/france | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 11.3% of the population change in Belgium is from natural causes (a gain of 64,346 people) and 88.7% is from migration (a gain of 504,240 people). In France 59.5% is from natural causes (a gain of 1,359,540 people) and 40.5% is from migration (a gain of 923,723 people).
As of 2024, 2,349,032 residents or 20% of the population were not native-born in Belgium, compared to 9,186,757 people or 13.8% in France.
Biggest cities by population
|
Belgium
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Brussels | 1.25M |
| Antwerp | 529K |
| Ghent | 273K |
| Charleroi | 204K |
| Liege | 195K |
| Schaerbeek | 133K |
| Anderlecht | 121K |
| Bruges | 119K |
| Namur | 115K |
| Leuven | 101K |
|
France
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Paris | 2.11M |
| Marseille | 886K |
| Lyon | 519K |
| Toulouse | 515K |
| Nice | 358K |
| Nantes | 328K |
| Montpellier | 310K |
| Strasbourg | 294K |
| Bordeaux | 268K |
| Lille | 238K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between Belgium and France
|
Belgium
|
France
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 82.6 years | 83.7 years |
| Average age | 42.5 years | 42.6 years |
| Median age | 42.7 years | 43 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 49.3:50.7 | 48.5:51.5 |
| Fertility rate | 1.47 births per woman | 1.66 births per woman |
| Population density | 1,011 ppl/mi² | 330 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20).
GeoRank.org/population/belgium/france | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20)
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