The latest officially reported population of Albania was 2,349,580 in 2025 vs 68,720,337 people in France in 2025. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Albania's population is 2,332,078 people compared to 68,871,753 in France.
Population statistics:
- France's population is 29.5 times bigger than Albania's.
- Albania is ranked the 144th most populous country in the world, while France is the 23rd.
- The countries together account for 0.86% of the world: 0.03% for Albania vs 0.83% for France.
- For the last 10 years, Albania has had an average growth rate of -1.5% per year vs +0.32% in France.
- Since 2006, the population of Albania has decreased from 2.99M people to 2.33M (22.1% decline), while France has grown from 63.6M to 68.9M (8.25% growth).
Albania vs France: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
| 2100 | 1,007,401 | 70,675,442 |
| 2099 | 1,020,801 | 70,692,029 |
| 2098 | 1,034,604 | 70,701,942 |
| 2097 | 1,048,803 | 70,707,028 |
| 2096 | 1,063,434 | 70,713,643 |
| 2095 | 1,078,498 | 70,707,277 |
| 2094 | 1,094,070 | 70,691,394 |
| 2093 | 1,110,138 | 70,665,663 |
| 2092 | 1,126,699 | 70,643,058 |
| 2091 | 1,143,691 | 70,615,655 |
| 2090 | 1,161,098 | 70,582,877 |
| 2089 | 1,178,925 | 70,549,228 |
| 2088 | 1,197,085 | 70,510,136 |
| 2087 | 1,215,294 | 70,470,494 |
| 2086 | 1,233,850 | 70,427,922 |
| 2085 | 1,252,611 | 70,390,427 |
| 2084 | 1,271,550 | 70,348,036 |
| 2083 | 1,290,612 | 70,296,271 |
| 2082 | 1,309,713 | 70,255,426 |
| 2081 | 1,328,652 | 70,210,373 |
| 2080 | 1,347,569 | 70,169,003 |
| 2079 | 1,366,124 | 70,127,568 |
| 2078 | 1,384,697 | 70,087,269 |
| 2077 | 1,403,421 | 70,045,257 |
| 2076 | 1,421,800 | 70,001,871 |
| 2075 | 1,440,364 | 69,959,255 |
| 2074 | 1,459,118 | 69,924,120 |
| 2073 | 1,477,286 | 69,892,712 |
| 2072 | 1,495,509 | 69,866,697 |
| 2071 | 1,513,666 | 69,838,818 |
| 2070 | 1,531,671 | 69,826,471 |
| 2069 | 1,549,614 | 69,816,539 |
| 2068 | 1,567,665 | 69,818,570 |
| 2067 | 1,585,847 | 69,826,386 |
| 2066 | 1,603,642 | 69,835,591 |
| 2065 | 1,621,885 | 69,856,319 |
| 2064 | 1,640,153 | 69,880,666 |
| 2063 | 1,658,561 | 69,910,009 |
| 2062 | 1,676,857 | 69,948,667 |
| 2061 | 1,695,153 | 69,988,307 |
| 2060 | 1,713,670 | 70,030,670 |
| 2059 | 1,732,288 | 70,076,337 |
| 2058 | 1,750,766 | 70,119,195 |
| 2057 | 1,769,493 | 70,164,701 |
| 2056 | 1,788,106 | 70,208,938 |
| 2055 | 1,807,040 | 70,258,544 |
| 2054 | 1,826,070 | 70,298,466 |
| 2053 | 1,845,139 | 70,332,664 |
| 2052 | 1,864,095 | 70,357,980 |
| 2051 | 1,882,592 | 70,383,190 |
| 2050 | 1,901,517 | 70,398,057 |
| 2049 | 1,920,402 | 70,407,335 |
| 2048 | 1,939,175 | 70,406,135 |
| 2047 | 1,957,603 | 70,394,515 |
| 2046 | 1,976,486 | 70,376,409 |
| 2045 | 1,995,320 | 70,345,569 |
| 2044 | 2,013,616 | 70,306,509 |
| 2043 | 2,032,321 | 70,260,348 |
| 2042 | 2,050,944 | 70,199,353 |
| 2041 | 2,069,916 | 70,133,877 |
| 2040 | 2,088,692 | 70,067,958 |
| 2039 | 2,107,936 | 69,998,706 |
| 2038 | 2,126,229 | 69,920,456 |
| 2037 | 2,144,493 | 69,831,930 |
| 2036 | 2,162,466 | 69,743,406 |
| 2035 | 2,179,783 | 69,651,629 |
| 2034 | 2,197,495 | 69,558,099 |
| 2033 | 2,214,803 | 69,468,319 |
| 2032 | 2,231,467 | 69,377,856 |
| 2031 | 2,248,104 | 69,288,525 |
| 2030 | 2,265,270 | 69,197,981 |
| 2029 | 2,281,932 | 69,104,114 |
| 2028 | 2,298,632 | 69,012,886 |
| 2027 | 2,314,980 | 68,917,613 |
| 2026 | 2,332,078 | 68,823,318 |
| 2025 | 2,349,580 | 68,720,337 |
| 2024 | 2,377,128 | 68,551,653 |
| 2023 | 2,411,658 | 68,372,286 |
| 2022 | 2,451,636 | 68,184,457 |
| 2021 | 2,489,762 | 67,842,811 |
| 2020 | 2,528,480 | 67,601,110 |
| 2019 | 2,567,801 | 67,382,061 |
| 2018 | 2,607,733 | 67,158,348 |
| 2017 | 2,648,285 | 66,918,020 |
| 2016 | 2,689,469 | 66,724,104 |
| 2015 | 2,731,293 | 66,548,272 |
| 2014 | 2,773,767 | 66,312,067 |
| 2013 | 2,816,902 | 65,997,932 |
| 2012 | 2,860,708 | 65,657,659 |
| 2011 | 2,905,195 | 65,340,830 |
| 2010 | 2,913,021 | 65,026,211 |
| 2009 | 2,927,519 | 64,706,436 |
| 2008 | 2,947,314 | 64,375,116 |
| 2007 | 2,970,017 | 64,016,890 |
| 2006 | 2,992,547 | 63,622,342 |
| 2005 | 3,011,487 | 63,180,854 |
| 2004 | 3,026,939 | 62,707,588 |
| 2003 | 3,039,616 | 62,249,855 |
| 2002 | 3,051,010 | 61,812,142 |
| 2001 | 3,060,173 | 61,364,377 |
| 2000 | 3,089,027 | 60,918,661 |
| 1999 | 3,108,778 | 60,501,986 |
| 1998 | 3,128,530 | 60,190,684 |
| 1997 | 3,148,281 | 59,968,066 |
| 1996 | 3,168,033 | 59,754,504 |
| 1995 | 3,187,784 | 59,541,294 |
| 1994 | 3,207,536 | 59,324,863 |
| 1993 | 3,227,287 | 59,103,094 |
| 1992 | 3,247,039 | 58,846,584 |
| 1991 | 3,266,790 | 58,554,242 |
| 1990 | 3,286,542 | 58,261,012 |
| 1989 | 3,227,943 | 57,943,062 |
| 1988 | 3,142,336 | 57,598,186 |
| 1987 | 3,083,605 | 57,266,167 |
| 1986 | 3,022,635 | 56,956,002 |
| 1985 | 2,964,762 | 56,665,619 |
| 1984 | 2,904,429 | 56,383,085 |
| 1983 | 2,843,960 | 56,108,330 |
| 1982 | 2,784,278 | 55,806,789 |
| 1981 | 2,726,056 | 55,603,353 |
| 1980 | 2,671,997 | 55,274,184 |
| 1979 | 2,617,832 | 54,979,851 |
| 1978 | 2,566,266 | 54,734,030 |
| 1977 | 2,513,546 | 54,486,467 |
| 1976 | 2,458,526 | 54,232,383 |
| 1975 | 2,404,831 | 54,002,853 |
| 1974 | 2,350,124 | 53,746,571 |
| 1973 | 2,296,752 | 53,392,161 |
| 1972 | 2,243,126 | 52,962,356 |
| 1971 | 2,187,853 | 52,499,553 |
| 1970 | 2,135,479 | 52,007,169 |
| 1969 | 2,081,695 | 51,536,014 |
| 1968 | 2,022,272 | 51,112,980 |
| 1967 | 1,965,598 | 50,722,791 |
| 1966 | 1,914,573 | 50,311,637 |
| 1965 | 1,864,791 | 49,877,725 |
| 1964 | 1,814,135 | 49,401,492 |
| 1963 | 1,762,621 | 48,877,567 |
| 1962 | 1,711,319 | 48,389,516 |
| 1961 | 1,659,800 | 47,905,982 |
| 1960 | 1,608,800 | 47,412,964 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/albania/france | CC BY
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Albania decreased by 303,078 people (a 10.1% decline), while France gained 3,101,762 people (a 4.88% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Albania lost 357,391 people (a 13.3% decline), while France's population increased by 2,147,649 people (a 3.22% growth).
Albania was ranked 133rd most populous country in 2006 and is 144th in 2026. France was ranked 20th in 2006 and ranked 23rd now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Albania's population will shrink by 18.5% to 1,901,517 people with a rank change from 144th to 148th. The population of France will increase by 2.22% to 70,398,057 people and rank change from 23rd to 30th.
France is projected to reach its peak in 2096 at 70.7M people, while Albania's population already peaked in 1990 at 3.29M people and is projected to decrease to 1.01M people by 2100.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
| 2100 | -1.31% | -0.02% |
| 2099 | -1.33% | -0.01% |
| 2098 | -1.35% | -0.007% |
| 2097 | -1.38% | -0.009% |
| 2096 | -1.4% | 0.009% |
| 2095 | -1.42% | 0.02% |
| 2094 | -1.45% | 0.04% |
| 2093 | -1.47% | 0.03% |
| 2092 | -1.49% | 0.04% |
| 2091 | -1.5% | 0.05% |
| 2090 | -1.51% | 0.05% |
| 2089 | -1.52% | 0.06% |
| 2088 | -1.5% | 0.06% |
| 2087 | -1.5% | 0.06% |
| 2086 | -1.5% | 0.05% |
| 2085 | -1.49% | 0.06% |
| 2084 | -1.48% | 0.07% |
| 2083 | -1.46% | 0.06% |
| 2082 | -1.43% | 0.06% |
| 2081 | -1.4% | 0.06% |
| 2080 | -1.36% | 0.06% |
| 2079 | -1.34% | 0.06% |
| 2078 | -1.33% | 0.06% |
| 2077 | -1.29% | 0.06% |
| 2076 | -1.29% | 0.06% |
| 2075 | -1.29% | 0.05% |
| 2074 | -1.23% | 0.04% |
| 2073 | -1.22% | 0.04% |
| 2072 | -1.2% | 0.04% |
| 2071 | -1.18% | 0.02% |
| 2070 | -1.16% | 0.01% |
| 2069 | -1.15% | -0.003% |
| 2068 | -1.15% | -0.01% |
| 2067 | -1.11% | -0.01% |
| 2066 | -1.12% | -0.03% |
| 2065 | -1.11% | -0.03% |
| 2064 | -1.11% | -0.04% |
| 2063 | -1.09% | -0.06% |
| 2062 | -1.08% | -0.06% |
| 2061 | -1.08% | -0.06% |
| 2060 | -1.07% | -0.07% |
| 2059 | -1.06% | -0.06% |
| 2058 | -1.06% | -0.06% |
| 2057 | -1.04% | -0.06% |
| 2056 | -1.05% | -0.07% |
| 2055 | -1.04% | -0.06% |
| 2054 | -1.03% | -0.05% |
| 2053 | -1.02% | -0.04% |
| 2052 | -0.98% | -0.04% |
| 2051 | -1% | -0.02% |
| 2050 | -0.98% | -0.01% |
| 2049 | -0.97% | 0.002% |
| 2048 | -0.94% | 0.02% |
| 2047 | -0.96% | 0.03% |
| 2046 | -0.94% | 0.04% |
| 2045 | -0.91% | 0.06% |
| 2044 | -0.92% | 0.07% |
| 2043 | -0.91% | 0.09% |
| 2042 | -0.92% | 0.09% |
| 2041 | -0.9% | 0.09% |
| 2040 | -0.91% | 0.1% |
| 2039 | -0.86% | 0.11% |
| 2038 | -0.85% | 0.13% |
| 2037 | -0.83% | 0.13% |
| 2036 | -0.79% | 0.13% |
| 2035 | -0.81% | 0.13% |
| 2034 | -0.78% | 0.13% |
| 2033 | -0.75% | 0.13% |
| 2032 | -0.74% | 0.13% |
| 2031 | -0.76% | 0.13% |
| 2030 | -0.73% | 0.14% |
| 2029 | -0.73% | 0.13% |
| 2028 | -0.71% | 0.14% |
| 2027 | -0.73% | 0.14% |
| 2026 | -0.74% | 0.15% |
| 2025 | -1.16% | 0.25% |
| 2024 | -1.43% | 0.26% |
| 2023 | -1.63% | 0.28% |
| 2022 | -1.53% | 0.5% |
| 2021 | -1.53% | 0.36% |
| 2020 | -1.53% | 0.33% |
| 2019 | -1.53% | 0.33% |
| 2018 | -1.53% | 0.36% |
| 2017 | -1.53% | 0.29% |
| 2016 | -1.53% | 0.26% |
| 2015 | -1.53% | 0.36% |
| 2014 | -1.53% | 0.48% |
| 2013 | -1.53% | 0.52% |
| 2012 | -1.53% | 0.48% |
| 2011 | -0.27% | 0.48% |
| 2010 | -0.5% | 0.49% |
| 2009 | -0.67% | 0.51% |
| 2008 | -0.76% | 0.56% |
| 2007 | -0.75% | 0.62% |
| 2006 | -0.63% | 0.7% |
| 2005 | -0.51% | 0.75% |
| 2004 | -0.42% | 0.74% |
| 2003 | -0.37% | 0.71% |
| 2002 | -0.3% | 0.73% |
| 2001 | -0.93% | 0.73% |
| 2000 | -0.64% | 0.69% |
| 1999 | -0.63% | 0.52% |
| 1998 | -0.63% | 0.37% |
| 1997 | -0.62% | 0.36% |
| 1996 | -0.62% | 0.36% |
| 1995 | -0.62% | 0.36% |
| 1994 | -0.61% | 0.38% |
| 1993 | -0.61% | 0.44% |
| 1992 | -0.6% | 0.5% |
| 1991 | -0.6% | 0.5% |
| 1990 | 1.82% | 0.55% |
| 1989 | 2.72% | 0.6% |
| 1988 | 1.9% | 0.58% |
| 1987 | 2.02% | 0.54% |
| 1986 | 1.95% | 0.51% |
| 1985 | 2.08% | 0.5% |
| 1984 | 2.13% | 0.49% |
| 1983 | 2.14% | 0.54% |
| 1982 | 2.14% | 0.37% |
| 1981 | 2.02% | 0.6% |
| 1980 | 2.07% | 0.54% |
| 1979 | 2.01% | 0.45% |
| 1978 | 2.1% | 0.45% |
| 1977 | 2.24% | 0.47% |
| 1976 | 2.23% | 0.43% |
| 1975 | 2.33% | 0.48% |
| 1974 | 2.32% | 0.66% |
| 1973 | 2.39% | 0.81% |
| 1972 | 2.53% | 0.88% |
| 1971 | 2.45% | 0.95% |
| 1970 | 2.58% | 0.91% |
| 1969 | 2.94% | 0.83% |
| 1968 | 2.88% | 0.77% |
| 1967 | 2.67% | 0.82% |
| 1966 | 2.67% | 0.87% |
| 1965 | 2.79% | 0.96% |
| 1964 | 2.92% | 1.07% |
| 1963 | 3% | 1.01% |
| 1962 | 3.1% | 1.01% |
| 1961 | 3.17% | 1.04% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1961–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/albania/france | CC BY
In 2025, the population of Albania declined by 1.16%, while France's population grew by 0.25%.
Live population counters
|
|
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
2332078
|
68871753
|
| Population rank | 144/197 | 23/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.03% | 0.83% |
| One net population change |
19.1 minutes
|
3.12 minutes
|
| One birth every |
21.8 minutes
|
47.4 seconds
|
| One death every |
26.1 minutes
|
48.9 seconds
|
| Daily growth/decline | -75 | +462 |
| Annual growth/decline | -27,548 | +168,684 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | -1.16% | +0.25% |
| Population growth rate rank | 194/197 | 149/197 |
| One migration net change every |
21.8 minutes
|
5.75 minutes
|
| Annual migration change | -24,230 | +91,737 |
| Net migration rank | 156/196 | 18/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 46,377 | 9,186,757 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 153/195 | 5/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 1.7% | 13.8% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 138/195 | 49/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | -24,230 | - | 91,737 |
| 2024 | 3,979 | -24,472 | 20,566 | 90,527 |
| 2023 | 4,612 | -25,357 | 34,186 | 91,862 |
| 2022 | 3,913 | -16,426 | 54,547 | 179,377 |
| 2021 | 623 | -32,848 | 74,627 | 131,465 |
| 2020 | 3,682 | -16,680 | 67,602 | 145,593 |
| 2019 | 8,432 | -23,094 | 141,503 | 71,972 |
| 2018 | 9,187 | -15,032 | 147,749 | 132,925 |
| 2017 | 10,707 | -14,901 | 160,604 | 102,984 |
| 2016 | 12,332 | -9,347 | 193,500 | 15,548 |
| 2015 | 14,164 | -20,500 | 206,300 | -345 |
| 2014 | 16,185 | -21,706 | 265,248 | 52,342 |
| 2013 | 17,234 | -20,681 | 244,192 | 116,297 |
| 2012 | 17,565 | -19,845 | 256,065 | 103,287 |
| 2011 | 17,564 | -18,630 | 280,966 | 70,178 |
| 2010 | 18,404 | -51,907 | 286,116 | 52,644 |
| 2009 | 19,336 | -51,657 | 278,238 | 58,032 |
| 2008 | 19,526 | -50,619 | 283,250 | 79,528 |
| 2007 | 20,286 | -49,770 | 288,076 | 91,973 |
| 2006 | 21,732 | -48,882 | 305,387 | 132,512 |
| 2005 | 24,390 | -48,893 | 271,677 | 191,417 |
| 2004 | 26,989 | -48,654 | 282,185 | 200,629 |
| 2003 | 29,907 | -48,517 | 230,325 | 195,616 |
| 2002 | 30,189 | -45,178 | 253,430 | 191,373 |
| 2001 | 33,573 | -48,070 | 263,867 | 179,476 |
| 2000 | 36,741 | -60,531 | 268,042 | 171,637 |
| 1999 | 40,047 | -63,093 | 229,907 | 169,448 |
| 1998 | 43,884 | -66,087 | 222,705 | 20,216 |
| 1997 | 46,979 | -66,188 | 215,885 | -15,255 |
| 1996 | 52,745 | -68,076 | 221,092 | -21,463 |
| 1995 | 56,784 | -69,785 | 220,303 | -17,128 |
| 1994 | 59,086 | -70,165 | 201,704 | -4,232 |
| 1993 | 60,602 | -68,445 | 224,592 | 16,892 |
| 1992 | 63,376 | -66,538 | 229,502 | 61,964 |
| 1991 | 65,639 | -63,689 | 234,216 | 35,201 |
| 1990 | 67,355 | -60,173 | 238,870 | 43,323 |
| 1989 | 66,351 | -38,835 | 243,361 | 82,052 |
| 1988 | 64,616 | 658 | 247,672 | 69,935 |
| 1987 | 63,334 | -3,250 | 251,971 | 59,890 |
| 1986 | 61,925 | -2,309 | 250,606 | 51,642 |
| 1985 | 60,798 | -183 | 249,328 | 66,149 |
| 1984 | 59,396 | 64 | 248,086 | 76,175 |
| 1983 | 57,647 | 66 | 235,655 | 88,166 |
| 1982 | 56,443 | -225 | 234,389 | 81,084 |
| 1981 | 54,595 | -374 | 222,414 | 69,365 |
| 1980 | 53,803 | -601 | 210,042 | 54,718 |
| 1979 | 54,139 | -1,871 | 208,923 | 34,295 |
| 1978 | 55,463 | 3,230 | 213,462 | 18,692 |
| 1977 | 56,319 | -1,417 | 217,946 | 44,918 |
| 1976 | 56,428 | -1,684 | 227,776 | 59,515 |
| 1975 | 56,920 | -2,610 | 248,413 | 16,139 |
| 1974 | 56,133 | -1,880 | 268,733 | 26,203 |
| 1973 | 55,439 | -1,419 | 282,979 | 103,910 |
| 1972 | 54,966 | -1,588 | 296,589 | 101,223 |
| 1971 | 53,797 | -911 | 309,747 | 144,321 |
| 1970 | 52,293 | 92 | 322,444 | 182,941 |
| 1969 | 51,407 | 2,665 | 329,831 | 160,403 |
| 1968 | 49,258 | 10,490 | 337,346 | 113,115 |
| 1967 | 46,494 | 12,252 | 339,843 | 63,018 |
| 1966 | 44,507 | 11,858 | 352,181 | 96,097 |
| 1965 | 43,953 | 9,617 | 354,132 | 82,879 |
| 1964 | 44,205 | 6,604 | 360,631 | 163,039 |
| 1963 | 44,040 | 4,091 | 361,694 | 190,925 |
| 1962 | 43,124 | 2,325 | 358,082 | 141,634 |
| 1961 | 41,802 | 829 | 354,504 | 128,618 |
| 1960 | 40,436 | 13,734 | 346,115 | 143,032 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/albania/france | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 26.5% of the population change in Albania is from natural causes (a gain of 71,631 people) and 73.5% is from migration (a loss of 198,657 people). In France 53.4% is from natural causes (a gain of 1,101,184 people) and 46.6% is from migration (a gain of 961,908 people).
As of 2024, 46,377 residents or 1.7% of the population were not native-born in Albania, compared to 9,186,757 people or 13.8% in France.
Biggest cities by population
|
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Tirana | 389K |
| Durres | 102K |
| Elbasan | 66.8K |
| Vlore | 66.3K |
| Kamez | 61.7K |
| Shkoder | 61.6K |
| Fier | 52.9K |
| Korce | 43.3K |
| Berat | 40.7K |
| Sarande | 22.6K |
|
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Paris | 2.1M |
| Marseille | 886K |
| Lyon | 519K |
| Toulouse | 515K |
| Nice | 358K |
| Nantes | 328K |
| Montpellier | 310K |
| Strasbourg | 294K |
| Bordeaux | 268K |
| Lille | 238K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between Albania and France
|
|
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 80.1 years | 83.7 years |
| Average age | 40.3 years | 42.8 years |
| Median age | 38.4 years | 43.2 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 49.4:50.6 | 48.5:51.5 |
| Fertility rate | 1.34 births per woman | 1.61 births per woman |
| Population density | 220.4 ppl/mi² | 331 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/albania/france | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08)
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