The latest officially reported population of Kuwait was 4,897,263 in 2024 vs 5,287,500 people in New Zealand in 2024. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Kuwait's population is 5,100,145 people compared to 5,374,272 in New Zealand.
Population statistics:
- New Zealand's population is 1.05 times bigger than Kuwait's.
- Kuwait is ranked the 127th most populous country in the world, while New Zealand is the 124th.
- The countries together account for 0.13% of the world: 0.06% for Kuwait vs 0.06% for New Zealand.
- For the last 10 years, Kuwait has had an average growth rate of +3.1% per year vs +1.6% in New Zealand.
- Since 2006, the population of Kuwait has increased from 2.36M people to 5.1M (115.7% growth), while New Zealand has grown from 4.18M to 5.37M (28.4% growth).
Kuwait vs New Zealand: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
| 2100 | 9,589,440 | 5,918,837 |
| 2099 | 9,513,152 | 5,923,132 |
| 2098 | 9,437,521 | 5,927,206 |
| 2097 | 9,362,225 | 5,930,263 |
| 2096 | 9,287,200 | 5,932,907 |
| 2095 | 9,212,523 | 5,934,847 |
| 2094 | 9,138,210 | 5,936,183 |
| 2093 | 9,064,241 | 5,938,804 |
| 2092 | 8,990,676 | 5,939,085 |
| 2091 | 8,917,547 | 5,940,665 |
| 2090 | 8,844,888 | 5,941,752 |
| 2089 | 8,772,503 | 5,944,871 |
| 2088 | 8,700,563 | 5,945,635 |
| 2087 | 8,629,117 | 5,948,586 |
| 2086 | 8,558,199 | 5,951,745 |
| 2085 | 8,487,764 | 5,955,275 |
| 2084 | 8,417,828 | 5,959,115 |
| 2083 | 8,348,353 | 5,963,613 |
| 2082 | 8,279,354 | 5,966,943 |
| 2081 | 8,210,772 | 5,968,511 |
| 2080 | 8,142,636 | 5,971,082 |
| 2079 | 8,075,101 | 5,972,331 |
| 2078 | 8,008,036 | 5,972,928 |
| 2077 | 7,941,463 | 5,971,804 |
| 2076 | 7,875,406 | 5,971,386 |
| 2075 | 7,809,930 | 5,970,985 |
| 2074 | 7,745,028 | 5,969,834 |
| 2073 | 7,680,639 | 5,968,506 |
| 2072 | 7,616,806 | 5,964,548 |
| 2071 | 7,553,744 | 5,964,493 |
| 2070 | 7,491,390 | 5,963,811 |
| 2069 | 7,429,571 | 5,962,551 |
| 2068 | 7,368,423 | 5,960,918 |
| 2067 | 7,307,932 | 5,958,438 |
| 2066 | 7,248,116 | 5,954,539 |
| 2065 | 7,188,899 | 5,950,378 |
| 2064 | 7,130,298 | 5,946,851 |
| 2063 | 7,072,099 | 5,944,910 |
| 2062 | 7,014,494 | 5,940,838 |
| 2061 | 6,957,511 | 5,939,601 |
| 2060 | 6,901,153 | 5,936,094 |
| 2059 | 6,845,293 | 5,931,426 |
| 2058 | 6,789,909 | 5,925,816 |
| 2057 | 6,734,955 | 5,919,823 |
| 2056 | 6,680,523 | 5,913,287 |
| 2055 | 6,626,403 | 5,904,352 |
| 2054 | 6,572,580 | 5,894,795 |
| 2053 | 6,518,885 | 5,884,875 |
| 2052 | 6,465,284 | 5,876,162 |
| 2051 | 6,411,692 | 5,864,176 |
| 2050 | 6,358,029 | 5,852,896 |
| 2049 | 6,304,394 | 5,844,165 |
| 2048 | 6,250,650 | 5,833,178 |
| 2047 | 6,196,914 | 5,822,035 |
| 2046 | 6,143,120 | 5,809,860 |
| 2045 | 6,089,197 | 5,795,785 |
| 2044 | 6,035,156 | 5,780,884 |
| 2043 | 5,981,241 | 5,764,579 |
| 2042 | 5,927,307 | 5,746,528 |
| 2041 | 5,873,587 | 5,727,253 |
| 2040 | 5,820,161 | 5,708,874 |
| 2039 | 5,767,029 | 5,690,018 |
| 2038 | 5,714,211 | 5,669,959 |
| 2037 | 5,661,929 | 5,650,253 |
| 2036 | 5,610,194 | 5,630,126 |
| 2035 | 5,559,069 | 5,609,155 |
| 2034 | 5,508,623 | 5,588,315 |
| 2033 | 5,458,935 | 5,565,507 |
| 2032 | 5,410,081 | 5,542,488 |
| 2031 | 5,362,063 | 5,517,391 |
| 2030 | 5,314,935 | 5,491,320 |
| 2029 | 5,265,492 | 5,462,926 |
| 2028 | 5,212,438 | 5,432,752 |
| 2027 | 5,152,065 | 5,399,898 |
| 2026 | 5,080,894 | 5,364,771 |
| 2025 | 4,998,262 | 5,327,462 |
| 2024 | 4,897,263 | 5,287,500 |
| 2023 | 4,853,420 | 5,200,000 |
| 2022 | 4,589,643 | 5,081,700 |
| 2021 | 4,360,865 | 5,084,600 |
| 2020 | 4,400,267 | 5,072,400 |
| 2019 | 4,442,316 | 4,970,300 |
| 2018 | 4,323,515 | 4,900,600 |
| 2017 | 4,154,812 | 4,813,600 |
| 2016 | 4,004,096 | 4,714,100 |
| 2015 | 3,834,574 | 4,609,400 |
| 2014 | 3,665,876 | 4,516,500 |
| 2013 | 3,507,844 | 4,442,100 |
| 2012 | 3,337,109 | 4,408,100 |
| 2011 | 3,132,814 | 4,384,000 |
| 2010 | 2,943,372 | 4,350,700 |
| 2009 | 2,795,484 | 4,302,600 |
| 2008 | 2,651,421 | 4,259,800 |
| 2007 | 2,507,887 | 4,223,800 |
| 2006 | 2,364,733 | 4,184,600 |
| 2005 | 2,236,788 | 4,133,900 |
| 2004 | 2,157,320 | 4,087,500 |
| 2003 | 2,109,881 | 4,027,200 |
| 2002 | 2,059,974 | 3,948,500 |
| 2001 | 2,008,121 | 3,880,500 |
| 2000 | 1,954,709 | 3,857,700 |
| 1999 | 1,900,030 | 3,835,100 |
| 1998 | 1,844,302 | 3,815,000 |
| 1997 | 1,787,683 | 3,781,300 |
| 1996 | 1,730,246 | 3,732,000 |
| 1995 | 1,681,513 | 3,673,400 |
| 1994 | 1,664,361 | 3,620,000 |
| 1993 | 1,672,151 | 3,572,200 |
| 1992 | 1,634,961 | 3,531,700 |
| 1991 | 1,351,399 | 3,495,100 |
| 1990 | 1,684,819 | 3,329,800 |
| 1989 | 2,217,468 | 3,299,200 |
| 1988 | 2,134,707 | 3,283,400 |
| 1987 | 2,052,994 | 3,274,400 |
| 1986 | 1,972,520 | 3,246,300 |
| 1985 | 1,894,242 | 3,247,100 |
| 1984 | 1,820,688 | 3,227,100 |
| 1983 | 1,744,295 | 3,199,300 |
| 1982 | 1,662,480 | 3,156,100 |
| 1981 | 1,583,426 | 3,124,900 |
| 1980 | 1,504,782 | 3,112,900 |
| 1979 | 1,423,514 | 3,109,000 |
| 1978 | 1,340,319 | 3,121,200 |
| 1977 | 1,258,023 | 3,120,200 |
| 1976 | 1,178,711 | 3,110,500 |
| 1975 | 1,104,863 | 3,083,100 |
| 1974 | 1,038,346 | 3,023,700 |
| 1973 | 977,654 | 2,961,300 |
| 1972 | 920,352 | 2,903,900 |
| 1971 | 865,076 | 2,853,000 |
| 1970 | 809,114 | 2,810,700 |
| 1969 | 749,452 | 2,772,800 |
| 1968 | 687,716 | 2,748,100 |
| 1967 | 628,089 | 2,724,100 |
| 1966 | 572,590 | 2,675,900 |
| 1965 | 521,174 | 2,628,400 |
| 1964 | 473,115 | 2,585,400 |
| 1963 | 427,694 | 2,531,800 |
| 1962 | 384,995 | 2,482,000 |
| 1961 | 345,945 | 2,419,700 |
| 1960 | 311,060 | 2,371,800 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/kuwait/new-zealand | CC BY
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Kuwait increased by 1,639,363 people (a 69.3% growth), while New Zealand gained 529,500 people (a 12.7% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Kuwait gained 1,096,049 people (a 27.4% growth), while New Zealand's population increased by 660,172 people (a 14% growth).
Kuwait was ranked 139th most populous country in 2006 and is 127th in 2026. New Zealand was ranked 122nd in 2006 and ranked 124th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Kuwait's population will grow by 24.7% to 6,358,029 people with a rank change from 127th to 117th. The population of New Zealand will increase by 8.91% to 5,852,896 people and rank change from 124th to 122nd.
Kuwait is projected to reach its peak in 2100 at 9.59M people compared to the peak of 5.97M people in 2078 for New Zealand.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
| 2100 | 0.8% | -0.07% |
| 2099 | 0.8% | -0.07% |
| 2098 | 0.8% | -0.05% |
| 2097 | 0.81% | -0.04% |
| 2096 | 0.81% | -0.03% |
| 2095 | 0.81% | -0.02% |
| 2094 | 0.82% | -0.04% |
| 2093 | 0.82% | -0.005% |
| 2092 | 0.82% | -0.03% |
| 2091 | 0.82% | -0.02% |
| 2090 | 0.83% | -0.05% |
| 2089 | 0.83% | -0.01% |
| 2088 | 0.83% | -0.05% |
| 2087 | 0.83% | -0.05% |
| 2086 | 0.83% | -0.06% |
| 2085 | 0.83% | -0.06% |
| 2084 | 0.83% | -0.08% |
| 2083 | 0.83% | -0.06% |
| 2082 | 0.84% | -0.03% |
| 2081 | 0.84% | -0.04% |
| 2080 | 0.84% | -0.02% |
| 2079 | 0.84% | -0.01% |
| 2078 | 0.84% | 0.02% |
| 2077 | 0.84% | 0.007% |
| 2076 | 0.84% | 0.007% |
| 2075 | 0.84% | 0.02% |
| 2074 | 0.84% | 0.02% |
| 2073 | 0.84% | 0.07% |
| 2072 | 0.83% | 0.001% |
| 2071 | 0.83% | 0.01% |
| 2070 | 0.83% | 0.02% |
| 2069 | 0.83% | 0.03% |
| 2068 | 0.83% | 0.04% |
| 2067 | 0.83% | 0.07% |
| 2066 | 0.82% | 0.07% |
| 2065 | 0.82% | 0.06% |
| 2064 | 0.82% | 0.03% |
| 2063 | 0.82% | 0.07% |
| 2062 | 0.82% | 0.02% |
| 2061 | 0.82% | 0.06% |
| 2060 | 0.82% | 0.08% |
| 2059 | 0.82% | 0.09% |
| 2058 | 0.82% | 0.1% |
| 2057 | 0.81% | 0.11% |
| 2056 | 0.82% | 0.15% |
| 2055 | 0.82% | 0.16% |
| 2054 | 0.82% | 0.17% |
| 2053 | 0.83% | 0.15% |
| 2052 | 0.84% | 0.2% |
| 2051 | 0.84% | 0.19% |
| 2050 | 0.85% | 0.15% |
| 2049 | 0.86% | 0.19% |
| 2048 | 0.87% | 0.19% |
| 2047 | 0.88% | 0.21% |
| 2046 | 0.89% | 0.24% |
| 2045 | 0.9% | 0.26% |
| 2044 | 0.9% | 0.28% |
| 2043 | 0.91% | 0.31% |
| 2042 | 0.91% | 0.34% |
| 2041 | 0.92% | 0.32% |
| 2040 | 0.92% | 0.33% |
| 2039 | 0.92% | 0.35% |
| 2038 | 0.92% | 0.35% |
| 2037 | 0.92% | 0.36% |
| 2036 | 0.92% | 0.37% |
| 2035 | 0.92% | 0.37% |
| 2034 | 0.91% | 0.41% |
| 2033 | 0.9% | 0.42% |
| 2032 | 0.9% | 0.45% |
| 2031 | 0.89% | 0.47% |
| 2030 | 0.94% | 0.52% |
| 2029 | 1.02% | 0.56% |
| 2028 | 1.17% | 0.61% |
| 2027 | 1.4% | 0.65% |
| 2026 | 1.65% | 0.7% |
| 2025 | 2.06% | 0.76% |
| 2024 | 0.9% | 1.68% |
| 2023 | 5.75% | 2.33% |
| 2022 | 5.25% | -0.06% |
| 2021 | -0.9% | 0.24% |
| 2020 | -0.95% | 2.05% |
| 2019 | 2.75% | 1.42% |
| 2018 | 4.06% | 1.81% |
| 2017 | 3.76% | 2.11% |
| 2016 | 4.42% | 2.27% |
| 2015 | 4.6% | 2.06% |
| 2014 | 4.51% | 1.67% |
| 2013 | 5.12% | 0.77% |
| 2012 | 6.52% | 0.55% |
| 2011 | 6.44% | 0.77% |
| 2010 | 5.29% | 1.12% |
| 2009 | 5.43% | 1% |
| 2008 | 5.72% | 0.85% |
| 2007 | 6.05% | 0.94% |
| 2006 | 5.72% | 1.23% |
| 2005 | 3.68% | 1.14% |
| 2004 | 2.25% | 1.5% |
| 2003 | 2.42% | 1.99% |
| 2002 | 2.58% | 1.75% |
| 2001 | 2.73% | 0.59% |
| 2000 | 2.88% | 0.59% |
| 1999 | 3.02% | 0.53% |
| 1998 | 3.17% | 0.89% |
| 1997 | 3.32% | 1.32% |
| 1996 | 2.9% | 1.6% |
| 1995 | 1.03% | 1.48% |
| 1994 | -0.47% | 1.34% |
| 1993 | 2.27% | 1.15% |
| 1992 | 21% | 1.05% |
| 1991 | -19.8% | 4.96% |
| 1990 | -24% | 0.93% |
| 1989 | 3.88% | 0.48% |
| 1988 | 3.98% | 0.27% |
| 1987 | 4.08% | 0.87% |
| 1986 | 4.13% | -0.02% |
| 1985 | 4.04% | 0.62% |
| 1984 | 4.38% | 0.87% |
| 1983 | 4.92% | 1.37% |
| 1982 | 4.99% | 1% |
| 1981 | 5.23% | 0.39% |
| 1980 | 5.71% | 0.13% |
| 1979 | 6.21% | -0.39% |
| 1978 | 6.54% | 0.03% |
| 1977 | 6.73% | 0.31% |
| 1976 | 6.68% | 0.89% |
| 1975 | 6.41% | 1.96% |
| 1974 | 6.21% | 2.11% |
| 1973 | 6.23% | 1.98% |
| 1972 | 6.39% | 1.78% |
| 1971 | 6.92% | 1.5% |
| 1970 | 7.96% | 1.37% |
| 1969 | 8.98% | 0.9% |
| 1968 | 9.49% | 0.88% |
| 1967 | 9.69% | 1.8% |
| 1966 | 9.87% | 1.81% |
| 1965 | 10.2% | 1.66% |
| 1964 | 10.6% | 2.12% |
| 1963 | 11.1% | 2.01% |
| 1962 | 11.3% | 2.57% |
| 1961 | 11.2% | 2.02% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1961–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/kuwait/new-zealand | CC BY
In 2024, the population of Kuwait grew by 0.9%, while New Zealand's population grew by 1.68%.
Live population counters
|
|
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
5100145
|
5374272
|
| Population rank | 127/197 | 124/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.06% | 0.06% |
| One net population change |
12 minutes
|
6.01 minutes
|
| One birth every |
10.5 minutes
|
9.31 minutes
|
| One death every |
1.18 hours
|
14 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | +120 | +240 |
| Annual growth/decline | +43,843 | +87,500 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +0.9% | +1.68% |
| Population growth rate rank | 106/197 | 65/197 |
| One migration net change every |
12.3 minutes
|
30.3 minutes
|
| Annual migration change | +42,775 | +17,403 |
| Net migration rank | 24/196 | 35/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 3,323,191 | 1,467,989 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 20/195 | 45/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 67.3% | 28.2% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 5/195 | 20/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | 42,775 | - | 17,403 |
| 2024 | - | 61,624 | - | 18,766 |
| 2023 | 42,568 | 50,008 | 18,876 | 21,404 |
| 2022 | 41,752 | 368,560 | 20,123 | 21,404 |
| 2021 | 42,057 | 19,678 | 23,644 | -14,944 |
| 2020 | 41,083 | -168,379 | 24,905 | 42,124 |
| 2019 | 46,268 | 181 | 25,299 | 69,770 |
| 2018 | 47,222 | 145,973 | 24,797 | 59,139 |
| 2017 | 51,498 | 92,717 | 26,282 | 68,349 |
| 2016 | 51,397 | 105,818 | 28,237 | 75,512 |
| 2015 | 52,127 | 129,695 | 29,408 | 70,870 |
| 2014 | 54,673 | 100,891 | 26,196 | 57,974 |
| 2013 | 52,666 | 107,821 | 29,096 | 26,385 |
| 2012 | 53,181 | 127,777 | 31,077 | -1,015 |
| 2011 | 50,733 | 176,732 | 31,302 | -2,196 |
| 2010 | 49,838 | 101,566 | 35,458 | 6,722 |
| 2009 | 48,879 | 95,483 | 33,560 | 12,700 |
| 2008 | 47,505 | 96,268 | 35,143 | 4,804 |
| 2007 | 46,539 | 96,765 | 35,480 | 3,053 |
| 2006 | 45,911 | 97,087 | 30,924 | 14,542 |
| 2005 | 45,243 | 67,638 | 30,674 | 19,212 |
| 2004 | 44,341 | 1,713 | 29,634 | 24,521 |
| 2003 | 42,934 | 5,895 | 28,150 | 42,456 |
| 2002 | 41,651 | 9,335 | 25,941 | 48,195 |
| 2001 | 40,662 | 12,055 | 27,939 | 17,793 |
| 2000 | 39,811 | 14,296 | 29,897 | -6,604 |
| 1999 | 39,342 | 15,912 | 28,916 | -7,634 |
| 1998 | 39,324 | 16,878 | 29,146 | -1,387 |
| 1997 | 39,581 | 17,457 | 30,137 | 12,040 |
| 1996 | 39,920 | 17,914 | 28,997 | 25,169 |
| 1995 | 39,198 | 438 | 29,828 | 26,743 |
| 1994 | 36,533 | -41,862 | 30,372 | 20,420 |
| 1993 | 33,239 | -43,501 | 31,685 | 12,638 |
| 1992 | 32,016 | 52,620 | 32,067 | 6,460 |
| 1991 | 21,867 | 460,628 | 33,518 | 31,156 |
| 1990 | 46,720 | -1,196,050 | 33,298 | 70,432 |
| 1989 | 49,390 | 34,643 | 30,749 | -8,818 |
| 1988 | 50,037 | 31,455 | 29,846 | -17,005 |
| 1987 | 50,690 | 31,243 | 27,603 | -7,631 |
| 1986 | 51,824 | 27,187 | 25,549 | -10,234 |
| 1985 | 51,772 | 25,777 | 24,126 | -13,462 |
| 1984 | 52,539 | 17,020 | 26,043 | -901 |
| 1983 | 51,460 | 31,758 | 24,315 | 11,464 |
| 1982 | 49,981 | 30,437 | 24,207 | 7,982 |
| 1981 | 48,098 | 29,600 | 25,374 | -7,606 |
| 1980 | 47,096 | 32,483 | 23,658 | -15,423 |
| 1979 | 45,569 | 37,383 | 26,675 | -26,694 |
| 1978 | 44,277 | 39,159 | 26,156 | -28,783 |
| 1977 | 42,922 | 38,225 | 28,020 | -22,697 |
| 1976 | 41,439 | 36,050 | 29,456 | -9,138 |
| 1975 | 39,295 | 30,909 | 31,355 | 13,196 |
| 1974 | 37,425 | 25,398 | 33,896 | 27,580 |
| 1973 | 35,741 | 22,830 | 35,239 | 28,261 |
| 1972 | 34,045 | 21,984 | 38,244 | 17,779 |
| 1971 | 32,339 | 22,182 | 40,000 | 7,547 |
| 1970 | 30,789 | 26,614 | 37,101 | 4,511 |
| 1969 | 28,774 | 33,143 | 38,098 | -5,212 |
| 1968 | 26,161 | 35,399 | 37,594 | -11,853 |
| 1967 | 23,520 | 34,177 | 37,974 | -2,289 |
| 1966 | 20,914 | 32,383 | 36,151 | 9,161 |
| 1965 | 18,952 | 30,580 | 36,982 | 9,245 |
| 1964 | 17,064 | 29,537 | 39,375 | 9,806 |
| 1963 | 15,357 | 28,889 | 42,027 | 10,226 |
| 1962 | 13,730 | 27,417 | 42,865 | 12,697 |
| 1961 | 12,327 | 24,618 | 43,482 | 10,689 |
| 1960 | 11,054 | 21,769 | 41,791 | 3,846 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/kuwait/new-zealand | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 35.8% of the population change in Kuwait is from natural causes (a gain of 470,645 people) and 64.2% is from migration (a gain of 845,142 people). In New Zealand 34.4% is from natural causes (a gain of 247,767 people) and 65.6% is from migration (a gain of 471,602 people).
As of 2024, 3,323,191 residents or 67.3% of the population were not native-born in Kuwait, compared to 1,467,989 people or 28.2% in New Zealand.
Biggest cities by population
|
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Kuwait | 2.99M |
| Al Wafrah | 10K |
|
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Auckland | 1.47M |
| Christchurch | 383K |
| Wellington | 216K |
| Hamilton | 176K |
| Tauranga | 151K |
| Dunedin | 106K |
| Lower Hutt | 103K |
| Palmerston North | 81.5K |
| Napier | 66.3K |
| Hibiscus Coast | 59.8K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between Kuwait and New Zealand
|
|
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 81 years | 82.5 years |
| Average age | 34.1 years | 39.8 years |
| Median age | 35.8 years | 38.6 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 61.1:38.9 | 49.7:50.3 |
| Fertility rate | 1.52 births per woman | 1.56 births per woman |
| Population density | 738 ppl/mi² | 52.8 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20).
GeoRank.org/population/kuwait/new-zealand | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-02-08)
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