The latest officially reported population of Kuwait was 4,897,263 in 2024 vs 37,860,221 people in Ukraine in 2024. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Kuwait's population is 5,100,145 people compared to 40,125,599 in Ukraine.
Population statistics:
- Ukraine's population is 7.87 times bigger than Kuwait's.
- Kuwait is ranked the 127th most populous country in the world, while Ukraine is the 40th.
- The countries together account for 0.55% of the world: 0.06% for Kuwait vs 0.48% for Ukraine.
- For the last 10 years, Kuwait has had an average growth rate of +3.1% per year vs -1.74% in Ukraine.
- Since 2006, the population of Kuwait has increased from 2.36M people to 5.1M (115.7% growth), while Ukraine has declined from 47.3M to 40.1M (15.1% decline).
Kuwait vs Ukraine: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Kuwait
|
Ukraine
|
|
| 2100 | 9,589,440 | 15,493,960 |
| 2099 | 9,513,152 | 15,751,557 |
| 2098 | 9,437,521 | 16,012,938 |
| 2097 | 9,362,225 | 16,278,602 |
| 2096 | 9,287,200 | 16,547,938 |
| 2095 | 9,212,523 | 16,820,897 |
| 2094 | 9,138,210 | 17,098,910 |
| 2093 | 9,064,241 | 17,381,822 |
| 2092 | 8,990,676 | 17,669,049 |
| 2091 | 8,917,547 | 17,960,681 |
| 2090 | 8,844,888 | 18,257,867 |
| 2089 | 8,772,503 | 18,559,027 |
| 2088 | 8,700,563 | 18,865,031 |
| 2087 | 8,629,117 | 19,176,483 |
| 2086 | 8,558,199 | 19,492,606 |
| 2085 | 8,487,764 | 19,812,584 |
| 2084 | 8,417,828 | 20,138,855 |
| 2083 | 8,348,353 | 20,468,747 |
| 2082 | 8,279,354 | 20,803,241 |
| 2081 | 8,210,772 | 21,140,953 |
| 2080 | 8,142,636 | 21,482,498 |
| 2079 | 8,075,101 | 21,827,152 |
| 2078 | 8,008,036 | 22,175,099 |
| 2077 | 7,941,463 | 22,525,846 |
| 2076 | 7,875,406 | 22,879,896 |
| 2075 | 7,809,930 | 23,236,521 |
| 2074 | 7,745,028 | 23,596,095 |
| 2073 | 7,680,639 | 23,957,807 |
| 2072 | 7,616,806 | 24,319,928 |
| 2071 | 7,553,744 | 24,685,370 |
| 2070 | 7,491,390 | 25,053,352 |
| 2069 | 7,429,571 | 25,423,272 |
| 2068 | 7,368,423 | 25,794,560 |
| 2067 | 7,307,932 | 26,168,072 |
| 2066 | 7,248,116 | 26,543,206 |
| 2065 | 7,188,899 | 26,920,121 |
| 2064 | 7,130,298 | 27,298,592 |
| 2063 | 7,072,099 | 27,677,528 |
| 2062 | 7,014,494 | 28,056,960 |
| 2061 | 6,957,511 | 28,437,884 |
| 2060 | 6,901,153 | 28,818,343 |
| 2059 | 6,845,293 | 29,198,891 |
| 2058 | 6,789,909 | 29,580,044 |
| 2057 | 6,734,955 | 29,958,884 |
| 2056 | 6,680,523 | 30,335,136 |
| 2055 | 6,626,403 | 30,710,041 |
| 2054 | 6,572,580 | 31,080,334 |
| 2053 | 6,518,885 | 31,447,868 |
| 2052 | 6,465,284 | 31,811,171 |
| 2051 | 6,411,692 | 32,170,929 |
| 2050 | 6,358,029 | 32,525,262 |
| 2049 | 6,304,394 | 32,875,483 |
| 2048 | 6,250,650 | 33,217,836 |
| 2047 | 6,196,914 | 33,556,749 |
| 2046 | 6,143,120 | 33,892,646 |
| 2045 | 6,089,197 | 34,221,999 |
| 2044 | 6,035,156 | 34,547,153 |
| 2043 | 5,981,241 | 34,869,270 |
| 2042 | 5,927,307 | 35,189,550 |
| 2041 | 5,873,587 | 35,507,946 |
| 2040 | 5,820,161 | 35,823,225 |
| 2039 | 5,767,029 | 36,141,658 |
| 2038 | 5,714,211 | 36,457,134 |
| 2037 | 5,661,929 | 36,772,578 |
| 2036 | 5,610,194 | 37,084,252 |
| 2035 | 5,559,069 | 37,396,243 |
| 2034 | 5,508,623 | 37,706,533 |
| 2033 | 5,458,935 | 38,015,585 |
| 2032 | 5,410,081 | 38,322,554 |
| 2031 | 5,362,063 | 38,630,259 |
| 2030 | 5,314,935 | 38,935,791 |
| 2029 | 5,265,492 | 39,238,099 |
| 2028 | 5,212,438 | 39,537,815 |
| 2027 | 5,152,065 | 39,830,895 |
| 2026 | 5,080,894 | 40,125,599 |
| 2025 | 4,998,262 | 38,707,520 |
| 2024 | 4,897,263 | 37,860,221 |
| 2023 | 4,853,420 | 37,732,836 |
| 2022 | 4,589,643 | 41,048,766 |
| 2021 | 4,360,865 | 44,298,640 |
| 2020 | 4,400,267 | 44,680,014 |
| 2019 | 4,442,316 | 44,957,458 |
| 2018 | 4,323,515 | 45,208,907 |
| 2017 | 4,154,812 | 45,436,041 |
| 2016 | 4,004,096 | 45,616,832 |
| 2015 | 3,834,574 | 45,784,896 |
| 2014 | 3,665,876 | 45,972,380 |
| 2013 | 3,507,844 | 46,126,770 |
| 2012 | 3,337,109 | 46,210,056 |
| 2011 | 3,132,814 | 46,307,853 |
| 2010 | 2,943,372 | 46,456,003 |
| 2009 | 2,795,484 | 46,623,731 |
| 2008 | 2,651,421 | 46,819,175 |
| 2007 | 2,507,887 | 47,062,798 |
| 2006 | 2,364,733 | 47,278,694 |
| 2005 | 2,236,788 | 47,585,556 |
| 2004 | 2,157,320 | 47,979,507 |
| 2003 | 2,109,881 | 48,315,136 |
| 2002 | 2,059,974 | 48,677,281 |
| 2001 | 2,008,121 | 49,106,855 |
| 2000 | 1,954,709 | 49,556,660 |
| 1999 | 1,900,030 | 49,976,446 |
| 1998 | 1,844,302 | 50,379,731 |
| 1997 | 1,787,683 | 50,786,885 |
| 1996 | 1,730,246 | 51,226,109 |
| 1995 | 1,681,513 | 51,665,539 |
| 1994 | 1,664,361 | 52,075,998 |
| 1993 | 1,672,151 | 52,350,126 |
| 1992 | 1,634,961 | 52,323,671 |
| 1991 | 1,351,399 | 52,170,961 |
| 1990 | 1,684,819 | 52,054,092 |
| 1989 | 2,217,468 | 51,917,817 |
| 1988 | 2,134,707 | 51,724,853 |
| 1987 | 2,052,994 | 51,515,732 |
| 1986 | 1,972,520 | 51,318,745 |
| 1985 | 1,894,242 | 51,108,770 |
| 1984 | 1,820,688 | 50,887,599 |
| 1983 | 1,744,295 | 50,637,029 |
| 1982 | 1,662,480 | 50,402,724 |
| 1981 | 1,583,426 | 50,189,281 |
| 1980 | 1,504,782 | 49,955,152 |
| 1979 | 1,423,514 | 49,721,381 |
| 1978 | 1,340,319 | 49,521,243 |
| 1977 | 1,258,023 | 49,336,481 |
| 1976 | 1,178,711 | 49,120,842 |
| 1975 | 1,104,863 | 48,865,229 |
| 1974 | 1,038,346 | 48,576,570 |
| 1973 | 977,654 | 48,277,121 |
| 1972 | 920,352 | 47,946,893 |
| 1971 | 865,076 | 47,573,287 |
| 1970 | 809,114 | 47,261,306 |
| 1969 | 749,452 | 46,976,256 |
| 1968 | 687,716 | 46,614,325 |
| 1967 | 628,089 | 46,215,988 |
| 1966 | 572,590 | 45,802,519 |
| 1965 | 521,174 | 45,386,892 |
| 1964 | 473,115 | 44,951,156 |
| 1963 | 427,694 | 44,462,372 |
| 1962 | 384,995 | 43,943,674 |
| 1961 | 345,945 | 43,399,766 |
| 1960 | 311,060 | 42,824,093 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/kuwait/ukraine | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Kuwait increased by 1,639,363 people (a 69.3% growth), while Ukraine lost 1,661,862 people (a 3.52% decline).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Kuwait gained 1,096,049 people (a 27.4% growth), while Ukraine's population decreased by 5,491,233 people (a 12% decline).
Kuwait was ranked 139th most populous country in 2006 and is 127th in 2026. Ukraine was ranked 27th in 2006 and ranked 40th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Kuwait's population will grow by 24.7% to 6,358,029 people with a rank change from 127th to 117th. The population of Ukraine will decrease by 18.9% to 32,525,262 people and rank change from 40th to 60th.
Kuwait is projected to reach its peak in 2100 at 9.59M people, while Ukraine's population already peaked in 1993 at 52.4M people and is projected to decrease to 15.5M people by 2100.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Kuwait
|
Ukraine
|
|
| 2100 | 0.8% | -1.64% |
| 2099 | 0.8% | -1.63% |
| 2098 | 0.8% | -1.63% |
| 2097 | 0.81% | -1.63% |
| 2096 | 0.81% | -1.62% |
| 2095 | 0.81% | -1.63% |
| 2094 | 0.82% | -1.63% |
| 2093 | 0.82% | -1.63% |
| 2092 | 0.82% | -1.62% |
| 2091 | 0.82% | -1.63% |
| 2090 | 0.83% | -1.62% |
| 2089 | 0.83% | -1.62% |
| 2088 | 0.83% | -1.62% |
| 2087 | 0.83% | -1.62% |
| 2086 | 0.83% | -1.62% |
| 2085 | 0.83% | -1.62% |
| 2084 | 0.83% | -1.61% |
| 2083 | 0.83% | -1.61% |
| 2082 | 0.84% | -1.6% |
| 2081 | 0.84% | -1.59% |
| 2080 | 0.84% | -1.58% |
| 2079 | 0.84% | -1.57% |
| 2078 | 0.84% | -1.56% |
| 2077 | 0.84% | -1.55% |
| 2076 | 0.84% | -1.53% |
| 2075 | 0.84% | -1.52% |
| 2074 | 0.84% | -1.51% |
| 2073 | 0.84% | -1.49% |
| 2072 | 0.83% | -1.48% |
| 2071 | 0.83% | -1.47% |
| 2070 | 0.83% | -1.46% |
| 2069 | 0.83% | -1.44% |
| 2068 | 0.83% | -1.43% |
| 2067 | 0.83% | -1.41% |
| 2066 | 0.82% | -1.4% |
| 2065 | 0.82% | -1.39% |
| 2064 | 0.82% | -1.37% |
| 2063 | 0.82% | -1.35% |
| 2062 | 0.82% | -1.34% |
| 2061 | 0.82% | -1.32% |
| 2060 | 0.82% | -1.3% |
| 2059 | 0.82% | -1.29% |
| 2058 | 0.82% | -1.26% |
| 2057 | 0.81% | -1.24% |
| 2056 | 0.82% | -1.22% |
| 2055 | 0.82% | -1.19% |
| 2054 | 0.82% | -1.17% |
| 2053 | 0.83% | -1.14% |
| 2052 | 0.84% | -1.12% |
| 2051 | 0.84% | -1.09% |
| 2050 | 0.85% | -1.07% |
| 2049 | 0.86% | -1.03% |
| 2048 | 0.87% | -1.01% |
| 2047 | 0.88% | -0.99% |
| 2046 | 0.89% | -0.96% |
| 2045 | 0.9% | -0.94% |
| 2044 | 0.9% | -0.92% |
| 2043 | 0.91% | -0.91% |
| 2042 | 0.91% | -0.9% |
| 2041 | 0.92% | -0.88% |
| 2040 | 0.92% | -0.88% |
| 2039 | 0.92% | -0.87% |
| 2038 | 0.92% | -0.86% |
| 2037 | 0.92% | -0.84% |
| 2036 | 0.92% | -0.83% |
| 2035 | 0.92% | -0.82% |
| 2034 | 0.91% | -0.81% |
| 2033 | 0.9% | -0.8% |
| 2032 | 0.9% | -0.8% |
| 2031 | 0.89% | -0.78% |
| 2030 | 0.94% | -0.77% |
| 2029 | 1.02% | -0.76% |
| 2028 | 1.17% | -0.74% |
| 2027 | 1.4% | -0.73% |
| 2026 | 1.65% | 3.66% |
| 2025 | 2.06% | 2.24% |
| 2024 | 0.9% | 0.34% |
| 2023 | 5.75% | -8.08% |
| 2022 | 5.25% | -7.34% |
| 2021 | -0.9% | -0.85% |
| 2020 | -0.95% | -0.62% |
| 2019 | 2.75% | -0.56% |
| 2018 | 4.06% | -0.5% |
| 2017 | 3.76% | -0.4% |
| 2016 | 4.42% | -0.37% |
| 2015 | 4.6% | -0.41% |
| 2014 | 4.51% | -0.33% |
| 2013 | 5.12% | -0.18% |
| 2012 | 6.52% | -0.21% |
| 2011 | 6.44% | -0.32% |
| 2010 | 5.29% | -0.36% |
| 2009 | 5.43% | -0.42% |
| 2008 | 5.72% | -0.52% |
| 2007 | 6.05% | -0.46% |
| 2006 | 5.72% | -0.64% |
| 2005 | 3.68% | -0.82% |
| 2004 | 2.25% | -0.69% |
| 2003 | 2.42% | -0.74% |
| 2002 | 2.58% | -0.87% |
| 2001 | 2.73% | -0.91% |
| 2000 | 2.88% | -0.84% |
| 1999 | 3.02% | -0.8% |
| 1998 | 3.17% | -0.8% |
| 1997 | 3.32% | -0.86% |
| 1996 | 2.9% | -0.85% |
| 1995 | 1.03% | -0.79% |
| 1994 | -0.47% | -0.52% |
| 1993 | 2.27% | 0.05% |
| 1992 | 21% | 0.29% |
| 1991 | -19.8% | 0.22% |
| 1990 | -24% | 0.26% |
| 1989 | 3.88% | 0.37% |
| 1988 | 3.98% | 0.41% |
| 1987 | 4.08% | 0.38% |
| 1986 | 4.13% | 0.41% |
| 1985 | 4.04% | 0.43% |
| 1984 | 4.38% | 0.49% |
| 1983 | 4.92% | 0.46% |
| 1982 | 4.99% | 0.43% |
| 1981 | 5.23% | 0.47% |
| 1980 | 5.71% | 0.47% |
| 1979 | 6.21% | 0.4% |
| 1978 | 6.54% | 0.37% |
| 1977 | 6.73% | 0.44% |
| 1976 | 6.68% | 0.52% |
| 1975 | 6.41% | 0.59% |
| 1974 | 6.21% | 0.62% |
| 1973 | 6.23% | 0.69% |
| 1972 | 6.39% | 0.79% |
| 1971 | 6.92% | 0.66% |
| 1970 | 7.96% | 0.61% |
| 1969 | 8.98% | 0.78% |
| 1968 | 9.49% | 0.86% |
| 1967 | 9.69% | 0.9% |
| 1966 | 9.87% | 0.92% |
| 1965 | 10.2% | 0.97% |
| 1964 | 10.6% | 1.1% |
| 1963 | 11.1% | 1.18% |
| 1962 | 11.3% | 1.25% |
| 1961 | 11.2% | 1.34% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1961–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/kuwait/ukraine | CC BY
In 2024, the population of Kuwait grew by 0.9%, while Ukraine's population grew by 0.34%.
Live population counters
|
Kuwait
|
Ukraine
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
5100145
|
40125599
|
| Population rank | 127/197 | 40/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.06% | 0.48% |
| One net population change |
12 minutes
|
4.13 minutes
|
| One birth every |
10.5 minutes
|
2.48 minutes
|
| One death every |
1.18 hours
|
1.06 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | +120 | +349 |
| Annual growth/decline | +43,843 | +127,385 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +0.9% | +0.34% |
| Population growth rate rank | 106/197 | 147/197 |
| One migration net change every |
12.3 minutes
|
18.6 seconds
|
| Annual migration change | +42,775 | +1,702,358 |
| Net migration rank | 24/196 | 1/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 3,323,191 | 5,064,173 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 20/195 | 14/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 67.3% | 13.4% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 5/195 | 51/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Kuwait
|
Ukraine
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | 42,775 | - | 1,702,358 |
| 2024 | - | 61,624 | - | 1,146,012 |
| 2023 | 42,568 | 50,008 | -283,185 | -299,961 |
| 2022 | 41,752 | 368,560 | -349,284 | -5,699,445 |
| 2021 | 42,057 | 19,678 | -449,941 | -1,129 |
| 2020 | 41,083 | -168,379 | -307,533 | -4,167 |
| 2019 | 46,268 | 181 | -236,296 | -6,908 |
| 2018 | 47,222 | 145,973 | -227,491 | -32,220 |
| 2017 | 51,498 | 92,717 | -158,390 | -36,155 |
| 2016 | 51,397 | 105,818 | -135,710 | -31,340 |
| 2015 | 52,127 | 129,695 | -147,107 | -21,992 |
| 2014 | 54,673 | 100,891 | -140,216 | -65,678 |
| 2013 | 52,666 | 107,821 | -129,662 | 26,781 |
| 2012 | 53,181 | 127,777 | -130,451 | 66,768 |
| 2011 | 50,733 | 176,732 | -158,372 | 26,457 |
| 2010 | 49,838 | 101,566 | -180,388 | 16,030 |
| 2009 | 48,879 | 95,483 | -197,918 | 26,796 |
| 2008 | 47,505 | 96,268 | -229,086 | 9,312 |
| 2007 | 46,539 | 96,765 | -282,659 | 15,237 |
| 2006 | 45,911 | 97,087 | -300,787 | 136,442 |
| 2005 | 45,243 | 67,638 | -337,857 | -111,493 |
| 2004 | 44,341 | 1,713 | -344,157 | 5,644 |
| 2003 | 42,934 | 5,895 | -351,299 | 18,540 |
| 2002 | 41,651 | 9,335 | -364,544 | -26,991 |
| 2001 | 40,662 | 12,055 | -374,734 | -92,847 |
| 2000 | 39,811 | 14,296 | -364,143 | -67,865 |
| 1999 | 39,342 | 15,912 | -348,286 | -59,247 |
| 1998 | 39,324 | 16,878 | -318,299 | -80,684 |
| 1997 | 39,581 | 17,457 | -306,549 | -108,735 |
| 1996 | 39,920 | 17,914 | -305,154 | -158,008 |
| 1995 | 39,198 | 438 | -281,629 | -134,053 |
| 1994 | 36,533 | -41,862 | -238,820 | -166,380 |
| 1993 | 33,239 | -43,501 | -169,405 | 26,357 |
| 1992 | 32,016 | 52,620 | -95,857 | 291,788 |
| 1991 | 21,867 | 460,628 | -16,486 | 125,962 |
| 1990 | 46,720 | -1,196,050 | 48,463 | 75,760 |
| 1989 | 49,390 | 34,643 | 106,431 | 36,978 |
| 1988 | 50,037 | 31,455 | 162,002 | 75,637 |
| 1987 | 50,690 | 31,243 | 198,850 | -18,275 |
| 1986 | 51,824 | 27,187 | 225,751 | -12,369 |
| 1985 | 51,772 | 25,777 | 201,011 | 5,546 |
| 1984 | 52,539 | 17,020 | 222,430 | 13,340 |
| 1983 | 51,460 | 31,758 | 241,741 | 23,608 |
| 1982 | 49,981 | 30,437 | 194,101 | 9,096 |
| 1981 | 48,098 | 29,600 | 182,839 | 40,807 |
| 1980 | 47,096 | 32,483 | 197,223 | 47,406 |
| 1979 | 45,569 | 37,383 | 197,294 | 25,635 |
| 1978 | 44,277 | 39,159 | 206,554 | -29,180 |
| 1977 | 42,922 | 38,225 | 216,932 | -24,745 |
| 1976 | 41,439 | 36,050 | 247,323 | -8,219 |
| 1975 | 39,295 | 30,909 | 256,787 | 15,336 |
| 1974 | 37,425 | 25,398 | 273,486 | 31,725 |
| 1973 | 35,741 | 22,830 | 274,938 | 18,777 |
| 1972 | 34,045 | 21,984 | 309,785 | 56,928 |
| 1971 | 32,339 | 22,182 | 305,849 | 74,604 |
| 1970 | 30,789 | 26,614 | 291,839 | -48,335 |
| 1969 | 28,774 | 33,143 | 274,858 | 51,763 |
| 1968 | 26,161 | 35,399 | 295,162 | 102,096 |
| 1967 | 23,520 | 34,177 | 313,899 | 85,527 |
| 1966 | 20,914 | 32,383 | 337,794 | 89,737 |
| 1965 | 18,952 | 30,580 | 334,365 | 69,354 |
| 1964 | 17,064 | 29,537 | 391,120 | 76,650 |
| 1963 | 15,357 | 28,889 | 449,648 | 60,178 |
| 1962 | 13,730 | 27,417 | 481,887 | 45,712 |
| 1961 | 12,327 | 24,618 | 508,602 | 51,625 |
| 1960 | 11,054 | 21,769 | 538,812 | 52,281 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/kuwait/ukraine | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 35.8% of the population change in Kuwait is from natural causes (a gain of 470,645 people) and 64.2% is from migration (a gain of 845,142 people). In Ukraine 28.2% is from natural causes (a loss of 2,435,153 people) and 71.8% is from migration (a loss of 6,198,995 people).
As of 2024, 3,323,191 residents or 67.3% of the population were not native-born in Kuwait, compared to 5,064,173 people or 13.4% in Ukraine.
Biggest cities by population
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between Kuwait and Ukraine
|
Kuwait
|
Ukraine
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 81 years | 75 years |
| Average age | 34.1 years | 43.1 years |
| Median age | 35.8 years | 43.2 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 61.1:38.9 | 46.5:53.5 |
| Fertility rate | 1.52 births per woman | 0.98 births per woman |
| Population density | 738 ppl/mi² | 179.4 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20).
GeoRank.org/population/kuwait/ukraine | CC BY
Help us show the world through your eyes
Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.
Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-02-08)
Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.