The latest officially reported population of Ireland was 5,395,790 in 2024 vs 4,897,263 people in Kuwait in 2024. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Ireland's population is 5,518,360 people compared to 5,100,145 in Kuwait.
Population statistics:
- Ireland's population is 1.08 times bigger than Kuwait's.
- Ireland is ranked the 121st most populous country in the world, while Kuwait is the 127th.
- The countries together account for 0.13% of the world: 0.07% for Ireland vs 0.06% for Kuwait.
- For the last 10 years, Ireland has had an average growth rate of +1.41% per year vs +3.1% in Kuwait.
- Since 2006, the population of Ireland has increased from 4.27M people to 5.52M (29.1% growth), while Kuwait has grown from 2.36M to 5.1M (115.7% growth).
Ireland vs Kuwait: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Ireland
|
Kuwait
|
|
| 2100 | 5,468,791 | 9,589,440 |
| 2099 | 5,493,162 | 9,513,152 |
| 2098 | 5,516,999 | 9,437,521 |
| 2097 | 5,540,157 | 9,362,225 |
| 2096 | 5,562,811 | 9,287,200 |
| 2095 | 5,583,505 | 9,212,523 |
| 2094 | 5,603,538 | 9,138,210 |
| 2093 | 5,623,266 | 9,064,241 |
| 2092 | 5,642,437 | 8,990,676 |
| 2091 | 5,661,268 | 8,917,547 |
| 2090 | 5,680,076 | 8,844,888 |
| 2089 | 5,697,512 | 8,772,503 |
| 2088 | 5,714,108 | 8,700,563 |
| 2087 | 5,729,431 | 8,629,117 |
| 2086 | 5,743,405 | 8,558,199 |
| 2085 | 5,757,666 | 8,487,764 |
| 2084 | 5,771,610 | 8,417,828 |
| 2083 | 5,785,324 | 8,348,353 |
| 2082 | 5,798,037 | 8,279,354 |
| 2081 | 5,809,262 | 8,210,772 |
| 2080 | 5,821,598 | 8,142,636 |
| 2079 | 5,836,731 | 8,075,101 |
| 2078 | 5,851,937 | 8,008,036 |
| 2077 | 5,867,627 | 7,941,463 |
| 2076 | 5,883,876 | 7,875,406 |
| 2075 | 5,900,200 | 7,809,930 |
| 2074 | 5,917,659 | 7,745,028 |
| 2073 | 5,934,975 | 7,680,639 |
| 2072 | 5,952,211 | 7,616,806 |
| 2071 | 5,969,279 | 7,553,744 |
| 2070 | 5,986,770 | 7,491,390 |
| 2069 | 6,003,570 | 7,429,571 |
| 2068 | 6,019,937 | 7,368,423 |
| 2067 | 6,035,810 | 7,307,932 |
| 2066 | 6,051,604 | 7,248,116 |
| 2065 | 6,066,791 | 7,188,899 |
| 2064 | 6,081,606 | 7,130,298 |
| 2063 | 6,094,455 | 7,072,099 |
| 2062 | 6,106,325 | 7,014,494 |
| 2061 | 6,118,587 | 6,957,511 |
| 2060 | 6,131,482 | 6,901,153 |
| 2059 | 6,143,979 | 6,845,293 |
| 2058 | 6,153,447 | 6,789,909 |
| 2057 | 6,161,059 | 6,734,955 |
| 2056 | 6,164,047 | 6,680,523 |
| 2055 | 6,168,611 | 6,626,403 |
| 2054 | 6,169,455 | 6,572,580 |
| 2053 | 6,169,673 | 6,518,885 |
| 2052 | 6,167,591 | 6,465,284 |
| 2051 | 6,164,894 | 6,411,692 |
| 2050 | 6,159,756 | 6,358,029 |
| 2049 | 6,151,623 | 6,304,394 |
| 2048 | 6,140,272 | 6,250,650 |
| 2047 | 6,128,245 | 6,196,914 |
| 2046 | 6,115,454 | 6,143,120 |
| 2045 | 6,099,562 | 6,089,197 |
| 2044 | 6,081,384 | 6,035,156 |
| 2043 | 6,062,477 | 5,981,241 |
| 2042 | 6,041,683 | 5,927,307 |
| 2041 | 6,017,573 | 5,873,587 |
| 2040 | 5,992,311 | 5,820,161 |
| 2039 | 5,967,604 | 5,767,029 |
| 2038 | 5,940,474 | 5,714,211 |
| 2037 | 5,912,327 | 5,661,929 |
| 2036 | 5,884,159 | 5,610,194 |
| 2035 | 5,855,902 | 5,559,069 |
| 2034 | 5,825,178 | 5,508,623 |
| 2033 | 5,792,751 | 5,458,935 |
| 2032 | 5,757,842 | 5,410,081 |
| 2031 | 5,721,671 | 5,362,063 |
| 2030 | 5,684,420 | 5,314,935 |
| 2029 | 5,644,008 | 5,265,492 |
| 2028 | 5,600,083 | 5,212,438 |
| 2027 | 5,553,725 | 5,152,065 |
| 2026 | 5,505,248 | 5,080,894 |
| 2025 | 5,452,752 | 4,998,262 |
| 2024 | 5,395,790 | 4,897,263 |
| 2023 | 5,311,538 | 4,853,420 |
| 2022 | 5,212,836 | 4,589,643 |
| 2021 | 5,110,585 | 4,360,865 |
| 2020 | 5,039,747 | 4,400,267 |
| 2019 | 4,976,456 | 4,442,316 |
| 2018 | 4,898,022 | 4,323,515 |
| 2017 | 4,827,445 | 4,154,812 |
| 2016 | 4,762,722 | 4,004,096 |
| 2015 | 4,701,957 | 3,834,574 |
| 2014 | 4,657,740 | 3,665,876 |
| 2013 | 4,623,816 | 3,507,844 |
| 2012 | 4,599,533 | 3,337,109 |
| 2011 | 4,580,084 | 3,132,814 |
| 2010 | 4,560,155 | 2,943,372 |
| 2009 | 4,535,375 | 2,795,484 |
| 2008 | 4,489,544 | 2,651,421 |
| 2007 | 4,398,942 | 2,507,887 |
| 2006 | 4,273,591 | 2,364,733 |
| 2005 | 4,159,914 | 2,236,788 |
| 2004 | 4,070,262 | 2,157,320 |
| 2003 | 3,996,521 | 2,109,881 |
| 2002 | 3,931,947 | 2,059,974 |
| 2001 | 3,866,243 | 2,008,121 |
| 2000 | 3,805,174 | 1,954,709 |
| 1999 | 3,754,786 | 1,900,030 |
| 1998 | 3,712,696 | 1,844,302 |
| 1997 | 3,674,171 | 1,787,683 |
| 1996 | 3,637,510 | 1,730,246 |
| 1995 | 3,608,841 | 1,681,513 |
| 1994 | 3,590,386 | 1,664,361 |
| 1993 | 3,576,261 | 1,672,151 |
| 1992 | 3,558,430 | 1,634,961 |
| 1991 | 3,534,235 | 1,351,399 |
| 1990 | 3,513,974 | 1,684,819 |
| 1989 | 3,511,009 | 2,217,468 |
| 1988 | 3,524,949 | 2,134,707 |
| 1987 | 3,540,057 | 2,052,994 |
| 1986 | 3,539,690 | 1,972,520 |
| 1985 | 3,538,082 | 1,894,242 |
| 1984 | 3,532,423 | 1,820,688 |
| 1983 | 3,510,600 | 1,744,295 |
| 1982 | 3,485,800 | 1,662,480 |
| 1981 | 3,453,000 | 1,583,426 |
| 1980 | 3,412,800 | 1,504,782 |
| 1979 | 3,373,750 | 1,423,514 |
| 1978 | 3,329,100 | 1,340,319 |
| 1977 | 3,282,200 | 1,258,023 |
| 1976 | 3,238,050 | 1,178,711 |
| 1975 | 3,189,550 | 1,104,863 |
| 1974 | 3,137,500 | 1,038,346 |
| 1973 | 3,085,950 | 977,654 |
| 1972 | 3,036,850 | 920,352 |
| 1971 | 2,992,050 | 865,076 |
| 1970 | 2,957,250 | 809,114 |
| 1969 | 2,932,650 | 749,452 |
| 1968 | 2,915,550 | 687,716 |
| 1967 | 2,902,450 | 628,089 |
| 1966 | 2,888,800 | 572,590 |
| 1965 | 2,877,300 | 521,174 |
| 1964 | 2,866,550 | 473,115 |
| 1963 | 2,852,650 | 427,694 |
| 1962 | 2,836,050 | 384,995 |
| 1961 | 2,824,400 | 345,945 |
| 1960 | 2,828,600 | 311,060 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/ireland/kuwait | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Ireland increased by 489,131 people (a 11.4% growth), while Kuwait gained 1,639,363 people (a 69.3% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Ireland gained 755,638 people (a 15.9% growth), while Kuwait's population increased by 1,096,049 people (a 27.4% growth).
Ireland was ranked 121st most populous country in 2006 and is still 121st in 2026. Kuwait was ranked 139th in 2006 and ranked 127th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Ireland's population will grow by 11.6% to 6,159,756 people with a rank change from 121st to 119th. The population of Kuwait will increase by 24.7% to 6,358,029 people and rank change from 127th to 117th.
Ireland is projected to reach its peak in 2053 at 6.17M people compared to the peak of 9.59M people in 2100 for Kuwait.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Ireland
|
Kuwait
|
|
| 2100 | -0.44% | 0.8% |
| 2099 | -0.43% | 0.8% |
| 2098 | -0.42% | 0.8% |
| 2097 | -0.41% | 0.81% |
| 2096 | -0.37% | 0.81% |
| 2095 | -0.36% | 0.81% |
| 2094 | -0.35% | 0.82% |
| 2093 | -0.34% | 0.82% |
| 2092 | -0.33% | 0.82% |
| 2091 | -0.33% | 0.82% |
| 2090 | -0.31% | 0.83% |
| 2089 | -0.29% | 0.83% |
| 2088 | -0.27% | 0.83% |
| 2087 | -0.24% | 0.83% |
| 2086 | -0.25% | 0.83% |
| 2085 | -0.24% | 0.83% |
| 2084 | -0.24% | 0.83% |
| 2083 | -0.22% | 0.83% |
| 2082 | -0.19% | 0.84% |
| 2081 | -0.21% | 0.84% |
| 2080 | -0.26% | 0.84% |
| 2079 | -0.26% | 0.84% |
| 2078 | -0.27% | 0.84% |
| 2077 | -0.28% | 0.84% |
| 2076 | -0.28% | 0.84% |
| 2075 | -0.3% | 0.84% |
| 2074 | -0.29% | 0.84% |
| 2073 | -0.29% | 0.84% |
| 2072 | -0.29% | 0.83% |
| 2071 | -0.29% | 0.83% |
| 2070 | -0.28% | 0.83% |
| 2069 | -0.27% | 0.83% |
| 2068 | -0.26% | 0.83% |
| 2067 | -0.26% | 0.83% |
| 2066 | -0.25% | 0.82% |
| 2065 | -0.24% | 0.82% |
| 2064 | -0.21% | 0.82% |
| 2063 | -0.19% | 0.82% |
| 2062 | -0.2% | 0.82% |
| 2061 | -0.21% | 0.82% |
| 2060 | -0.2% | 0.82% |
| 2059 | -0.15% | 0.82% |
| 2058 | -0.12% | 0.82% |
| 2057 | -0.05% | 0.81% |
| 2056 | -0.07% | 0.82% |
| 2055 | -0.01% | 0.82% |
| 2054 | -0.004% | 0.82% |
| 2053 | 0.03% | 0.83% |
| 2052 | 0.04% | 0.84% |
| 2051 | 0.08% | 0.84% |
| 2050 | 0.13% | 0.85% |
| 2049 | 0.18% | 0.86% |
| 2048 | 0.2% | 0.87% |
| 2047 | 0.21% | 0.88% |
| 2046 | 0.26% | 0.89% |
| 2045 | 0.3% | 0.9% |
| 2044 | 0.31% | 0.9% |
| 2043 | 0.34% | 0.91% |
| 2042 | 0.4% | 0.91% |
| 2041 | 0.42% | 0.92% |
| 2040 | 0.41% | 0.92% |
| 2039 | 0.46% | 0.92% |
| 2038 | 0.48% | 0.92% |
| 2037 | 0.48% | 0.92% |
| 2036 | 0.48% | 0.92% |
| 2035 | 0.53% | 0.92% |
| 2034 | 0.56% | 0.91% |
| 2033 | 0.61% | 0.9% |
| 2032 | 0.63% | 0.9% |
| 2031 | 0.66% | 0.89% |
| 2030 | 0.72% | 0.94% |
| 2029 | 0.78% | 1.02% |
| 2028 | 0.83% | 1.17% |
| 2027 | 0.88% | 1.4% |
| 2026 | 0.96% | 1.65% |
| 2025 | 1.06% | 2.06% |
| 2024 | 1.59% | 0.9% |
| 2023 | 1.89% | 5.75% |
| 2022 | 2% | 5.25% |
| 2021 | 1.41% | -0.9% |
| 2020 | 1.27% | -0.95% |
| 2019 | 1.6% | 2.75% |
| 2018 | 1.46% | 4.06% |
| 2017 | 1.36% | 3.76% |
| 2016 | 1.29% | 4.42% |
| 2015 | 0.95% | 4.6% |
| 2014 | 0.73% | 4.51% |
| 2013 | 0.53% | 5.12% |
| 2012 | 0.42% | 6.52% |
| 2011 | 0.44% | 6.44% |
| 2010 | 0.55% | 5.29% |
| 2009 | 1.02% | 5.43% |
| 2008 | 2.06% | 5.72% |
| 2007 | 2.93% | 6.05% |
| 2006 | 2.73% | 5.72% |
| 2005 | 2.2% | 3.68% |
| 2004 | 1.85% | 2.25% |
| 2003 | 1.64% | 2.42% |
| 2002 | 1.7% | 2.58% |
| 2001 | 1.6% | 2.73% |
| 2000 | 1.34% | 2.88% |
| 1999 | 1.13% | 3.02% |
| 1998 | 1.05% | 3.17% |
| 1997 | 1.01% | 3.32% |
| 1996 | 0.79% | 2.9% |
| 1995 | 0.51% | 1.03% |
| 1994 | 0.39% | -0.47% |
| 1993 | 0.5% | 2.27% |
| 1992 | 0.68% | 21% |
| 1991 | 0.58% | -19.8% |
| 1990 | 0.08% | -24% |
| 1989 | -0.4% | 3.88% |
| 1988 | -0.43% | 3.98% |
| 1987 | 0.01% | 4.08% |
| 1986 | 0.05% | 4.13% |
| 1985 | 0.16% | 4.04% |
| 1984 | 0.62% | 4.38% |
| 1983 | 0.71% | 4.92% |
| 1982 | 0.95% | 4.99% |
| 1981 | 1.18% | 5.23% |
| 1980 | 1.16% | 5.71% |
| 1979 | 1.34% | 6.21% |
| 1978 | 1.43% | 6.54% |
| 1977 | 1.36% | 6.73% |
| 1976 | 1.52% | 6.68% |
| 1975 | 1.66% | 6.41% |
| 1974 | 1.67% | 6.21% |
| 1973 | 1.62% | 6.23% |
| 1972 | 1.5% | 6.39% |
| 1971 | 1.18% | 6.92% |
| 1970 | 0.84% | 7.96% |
| 1969 | 0.59% | 8.98% |
| 1968 | 0.45% | 9.49% |
| 1967 | 0.47% | 9.69% |
| 1966 | 0.4% | 9.87% |
| 1965 | 0.38% | 10.2% |
| 1964 | 0.49% | 10.6% |
| 1963 | 0.59% | 11.1% |
| 1962 | 0.41% | 11.3% |
| 1961 | -0.15% | 11.2% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1961–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/ireland/kuwait | CC BY
In 2024, the population of Ireland grew by 1.59%, while Kuwait's population grew by 0.9%.
Live population counters
|
Ireland
|
Kuwait
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
5518360
|
5100145
|
| Population rank | 121/197 | 127/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.07% | 0.06% |
| One net population change |
6.24 minutes
|
12 minutes
|
| One birth every |
9.61 minutes
|
10.5 minutes
|
| One death every |
15 minutes
|
1.18 hours
|
| Daily growth/decline | +231 | +120 |
| Annual growth/decline | +84,252 | +43,843 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +1.59% | +0.9% |
| Population growth rate rank | 68/197 | 106/197 |
| One migration net change every |
14.9 minutes
|
12.3 minutes
|
| Annual migration change | +35,417 | +42,775 |
| Net migration rank | 27/196 | 24/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 1,216,237 | 3,323,191 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 52/195 | 20/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 23.1% | 67.3% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 25/195 | 5/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Ireland
|
Kuwait
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | 35,417 | - | 42,775 |
| 2024 | - | 39,059 | - | 61,624 |
| 2023 | 19,652 | 43,873 | 42,568 | 50,008 |
| 2022 | 19,287 | 93,535 | 41,752 | 368,560 |
| 2021 | 26,064 | 27,419 | 42,057 | 19,678 |
| 2020 | 23,687 | 15,746 | 41,083 | -168,379 |
| 2019 | 28,365 | 29,663 | 46,268 | 181 |
| 2018 | 29,878 | 33,387 | 47,222 | 145,973 |
| 2017 | 31,379 | 28,883 | 51,498 | 92,717 |
| 2016 | 33,339 | 18,967 | 51,397 | 105,818 |
| 2015 | 35,265 | 13,376 | 52,127 | 129,695 |
| 2014 | 37,728 | 448 | 54,673 | 100,891 |
| 2013 | 39,302 | -12,309 | 52,666 | 107,821 |
| 2012 | 42,775 | -22,411 | 53,181 | 127,777 |
| 2011 | 45,801 | -26,529 | 50,733 | 176,732 |
| 2010 | 47,426 | -26,974 | 49,838 | 101,566 |
| 2009 | 47,168 | -18,524 | 48,879 | 95,483 |
| 2008 | 46,691 | 18,979 | 47,505 | 96,268 |
| 2007 | 43,109 | 76,465 | 46,539 | 96,765 |
| 2006 | 36,752 | 94,513 | 45,911 | 97,087 |
| 2005 | 33,279 | 63,983 | 45,243 | 67,638 |
| 2004 | 33,376 | 49,102 | 44,341 | 1,713 |
| 2003 | 32,372 | 32,220 | 42,934 | 5,895 |
| 2002 | 31,062 | 34,286 | 41,651 | 9,335 |
| 2001 | 27,837 | 39,220 | 40,662 | 12,055 |
| 2000 | 23,592 | 31,298 | 39,811 | 14,296 |
| 1999 | 21,402 | 23,592 | 39,342 | 15,912 |
| 1998 | 22,277 | 16,615 | 39,324 | 16,878 |
| 1997 | 21,311 | 17,425 | 39,581 | 17,457 |
| 1996 | 18,915 | 9,959 | 39,920 | 17,914 |
| 1995 | 16,601 | 10,019 | 39,198 | 438 |
| 1994 | 17,234 | -3,118 | 36,533 | -41,862 |
| 1993 | 17,166 | -3,762 | 33,239 | -43,501 |
| 1992 | 20,283 | 1,335 | 32,016 | 52,620 |
| 1991 | 21,206 | 4,944 | 21,867 | 460,628 |
| 1990 | 21,787 | -8,203 | 46,720 | -1,196,050 |
| 1989 | 20,012 | -28,752 | 49,390 | 34,643 |
| 1988 | 22,912 | -44,020 | 50,037 | 31,455 |
| 1987 | 26,904 | -38,426 | 50,690 | 31,243 |
| 1986 | 27,963 | -21,139 | 51,824 | 27,187 |
| 1985 | 29,013 | -16,178 | 51,772 | 25,777 |
| 1984 | 31,791 | -15,549 | 52,539 | 17,020 |
| 1983 | 34,053 | -15,043 | 51,460 | 31,758 |
| 1982 | 38,344 | -14,464 | 49,981 | 30,437 |
| 1981 | 39,364 | -10,834 | 48,098 | 29,600 |
| 1980 | 40,612 | -2,876 | 47,096 | 32,483 |
| 1979 | 38,798 | 1,486 | 45,569 | 37,383 |
| 1978 | 36,288 | 15,543 | 44,277 | 39,159 |
| 1977 | 35,448 | 14,505 | 42,922 | 38,225 |
| 1976 | 33,676 | 14,200 | 41,439 | 36,050 |
| 1975 | 34,128 | 13,828 | 39,295 | 30,909 |
| 1974 | 34,199 | 13,482 | 37,425 | 25,398 |
| 1973 | 34,562 | 13,164 | 35,741 | 22,830 |
| 1972 | 34,316 | 12,858 | 34,045 | 21,984 |
| 1971 | 35,606 | 5,851 | 32,339 | 22,182 |
| 1970 | 30,756 | -8,892 | 30,789 | 26,614 |
| 1969 | 29,326 | -10,250 | 28,774 | 33,143 |
| 1968 | 27,697 | -11,132 | 26,161 | 35,399 |
| 1967 | 29,895 | -11,708 | 23,520 | 34,177 |
| 1966 | 26,866 | -11,858 | 20,914 | 32,383 |
| 1965 | 30,500 | -14,016 | 18,952 | 30,580 |
| 1964 | 31,532 | -15,640 | 17,064 | 29,537 |
| 1963 | 29,667 | -16,615 | 15,357 | 28,889 |
| 1962 | 28,077 | -17,438 | 13,730 | 27,417 |
| 1961 | 25,137 | -22,237 | 12,327 | 24,618 |
| 1960 | 28,286 | -38,492 | 11,054 | 21,769 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/ireland/kuwait | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 48.2% of the population change in Ireland is from natural causes (a gain of 284,644 people) and 51.8% is from migration (a gain of 305,297 people). In Kuwait 35.8% is from natural causes (a gain of 470,645 people) and 64.2% is from migration (a gain of 845,142 people).
As of 2024, 1,216,237 residents or 23.1% of the population were not native-born in Ireland, compared to 3,323,191 people or 67.3% in Kuwait.
Biggest cities by population
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between Ireland and Kuwait
|
Ireland
|
Kuwait
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 82.9 years | 81 years |
| Average age | 39.4 years | 34.1 years |
| Median age | 39.7 years | 35.8 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 49.5:50.5 | 61.1:38.9 |
| Fertility rate | 1.5 births per woman | 1.52 births per woman |
| Population density | 207 ppl/mi² | 738 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20).
GeoRank.org/population/ireland/kuwait | CC BY
Help us show the world through your eyes
Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.
Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-02-08)
Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.