The latest officially reported population of Rwanda was 14,569,341 in 2025 vs 70,545,865 people in Tanzania in 2025. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Rwanda's population is 15,062,056 people compared to 73,639,263 in Tanzania.
Population statistics:
- Tanzania's population is 4.89 times bigger than Rwanda's.
- Rwanda is ranked the 77th most populous country in the world, while Tanzania is the 20th.
- The countries together account for 1.07% of the world: 0.18% for Rwanda vs 0.89% for Tanzania.
- For the last 10 years, Rwanda has had an average growth rate of +2.28% per year vs +3.11% in Tanzania.
- Since 2006, the population of Rwanda has increased from 9.3M people to 15.1M (62% growth), while Tanzania has grown from 40.3M to 73.6M (82.8% growth).
Rwanda vs Tanzania: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Rwanda
|
Tanzania
|
|
| 2100 | 33,113,283 | 265,471,550 |
| 2099 | 33,008,545 | 263,137,702 |
| 2098 | 32,927,982 | 260,784,676 |
| 2097 | 32,853,307 | 258,387,890 |
| 2096 | 32,768,037 | 255,972,277 |
| 2095 | 32,635,508 | 253,543,248 |
| 2094 | 32,550,001 | 251,095,452 |
| 2093 | 32,416,870 | 248,605,184 |
| 2092 | 32,294,333 | 246,083,651 |
| 2091 | 32,191,262 | 243,533,968 |
| 2090 | 32,088,747 | 240,979,094 |
| 2089 | 31,892,591 | 238,393,867 |
| 2088 | 31,746,789 | 235,775,056 |
| 2087 | 31,553,150 | 233,145,231 |
| 2086 | 31,399,004 | 230,474,072 |
| 2085 | 31,254,597 | 227,778,580 |
| 2084 | 31,112,448 | 225,090,075 |
| 2083 | 30,937,106 | 222,400,079 |
| 2082 | 30,752,861 | 219,697,321 |
| 2081 | 30,576,992 | 216,974,796 |
| 2080 | 30,386,351 | 214,235,505 |
| 2079 | 30,195,560 | 211,466,096 |
| 2078 | 30,016,688 | 208,688,171 |
| 2077 | 29,819,259 | 205,898,494 |
| 2076 | 29,645,610 | 203,086,766 |
| 2075 | 29,441,964 | 200,278,383 |
| 2074 | 29,243,980 | 197,449,196 |
| 2073 | 29,025,977 | 194,624,081 |
| 2072 | 28,798,822 | 191,805,820 |
| 2071 | 28,578,302 | 188,974,004 |
| 2070 | 28,334,300 | 186,134,634 |
| 2069 | 28,121,174 | 183,293,747 |
| 2068 | 27,872,383 | 180,458,385 |
| 2067 | 27,609,059 | 177,622,538 |
| 2066 | 27,372,823 | 174,786,430 |
| 2065 | 27,101,698 | 171,897,059 |
| 2064 | 26,838,144 | 169,048,435 |
| 2063 | 26,559,838 | 166,202,091 |
| 2062 | 26,312,631 | 163,354,473 |
| 2061 | 26,001,660 | 160,521,858 |
| 2060 | 25,729,037 | 157,707,240 |
| 2059 | 25,453,407 | 154,905,240 |
| 2058 | 25,121,995 | 152,106,040 |
| 2057 | 24,853,512 | 149,311,257 |
| 2056 | 24,582,198 | 146,505,507 |
| 2055 | 24,281,895 | 143,722,840 |
| 2054 | 23,991,958 | 140,970,467 |
| 2053 | 23,705,290 | 138,249,490 |
| 2052 | 23,421,032 | 135,540,803 |
| 2051 | 23,113,700 | 132,838,721 |
| 2050 | 22,814,556 | 130,145,345 |
| 2049 | 22,498,806 | 127,483,126 |
| 2048 | 22,171,841 | 124,809,212 |
| 2047 | 21,848,486 | 122,146,647 |
| 2046 | 21,554,082 | 119,511,124 |
| 2045 | 21,228,573 | 116,903,642 |
| 2044 | 20,915,810 | 114,318,843 |
| 2043 | 20,548,490 | 111,765,580 |
| 2042 | 20,214,283 | 109,231,423 |
| 2041 | 19,845,021 | 106,738,458 |
| 2040 | 19,475,227 | 104,262,479 |
| 2039 | 19,108,842 | 101,804,600 |
| 2038 | 18,773,398 | 99,370,760 |
| 2037 | 18,433,422 | 96,974,485 |
| 2036 | 18,128,058 | 94,592,848 |
| 2035 | 17,765,049 | 92,248,476 |
| 2034 | 17,432,165 | 89,920,872 |
| 2033 | 17,100,072 | 87,646,627 |
| 2032 | 16,822,053 | 85,401,853 |
| 2031 | 16,495,903 | 83,172,579 |
| 2030 | 16,178,061 | 80,989,443 |
| 2029 | 15,868,812 | 78,830,947 |
| 2028 | 15,554,713 | 76,723,335 |
| 2027 | 15,217,275 | 74,639,948 |
| 2026 | 14,898,118 | 72,582,361 |
| 2025 | 14,569,341 | 70,545,865 |
| 2024 | 14,256,567 | 68,560,157 |
| 2023 | 13,954,471 | 66,617,606 |
| 2022 | 13,651,030 | 64,711,821 |
| 2021 | 13,355,260 | 62,830,412 |
| 2020 | 13,065,837 | 60,972,798 |
| 2019 | 12,776,103 | 59,174,891 |
| 2018 | 12,487,996 | 57,437,145 |
| 2017 | 12,202,060 | 55,652,890 |
| 2016 | 11,919,183 | 53,824,013 |
| 2015 | 11,640,022 | 52,020,962 |
| 2014 | 11,364,757 | 50,351,512 |
| 2013 | 11,093,340 | 48,824,128 |
| 2012 | 10,829,901 | 47,374,260 |
| 2011 | 10,573,733 | 46,029,367 |
| 2010 | 10,317,553 | 44,758,488 |
| 2009 | 10,060,432 | 43,633,982 |
| 2008 | 9,804,269 | 42,570,728 |
| 2007 | 9,549,933 | 41,435,512 |
| 2006 | 9,299,246 | 40,294,902 |
| 2005 | 9,054,528 | 39,182,076 |
| 2004 | 8,816,844 | 38,109,668 |
| 2003 | 8,586,875 | 37,089,555 |
| 2002 | 8,400,180 | 36,121,304 |
| 2001 | 8,287,094 | 35,198,299 |
| 2000 | 8,213,931 | 34,260,139 |
| 1999 | 8,147,912 | 33,300,330 |
| 1998 | 8,081,681 | 32,420,458 |
| 1997 | 7,755,238 | 31,578,089 |
| 1996 | 6,708,764 | 30,945,762 |
| 1995 | 5,674,118 | 30,383,497 |
| 1994 | 6,792,352 | 29,442,356 |
| 1993 | 7,981,132 | 28,332,692 |
| 1992 | 7,683,266 | 27,457,588 |
| 1991 | 7,526,966 | 26,780,436 |
| 1990 | 7,375,307 | 26,110,207 |
| 1989 | 7,184,706 | 25,438,759 |
| 1988 | 6,968,071 | 24,769,686 |
| 1987 | 6,749,493 | 24,030,378 |
| 1986 | 6,531,881 | 23,258,959 |
| 1985 | 6,317,228 | 22,501,693 |
| 1984 | 6,107,627 | 21,779,066 |
| 1983 | 5,905,311 | 21,079,874 |
| 1982 | 5,711,549 | 20,398,571 |
| 1981 | 5,527,230 | 19,784,703 |
| 1980 | 5,353,259 | 19,189,769 |
| 1979 | 5,189,541 | 18,592,038 |
| 1978 | 5,035,171 | 17,976,566 |
| 1977 | 4,888,240 | 17,352,929 |
| 1976 | 4,745,954 | 16,736,211 |
| 1975 | 4,607,728 | 16,138,361 |
| 1974 | 4,474,228 | 15,561,630 |
| 1973 | 4,345,047 | 15,010,101 |
| 1972 | 4,220,335 | 14,479,308 |
| 1971 | 4,100,044 | 13,971,451 |
| 1970 | 3,980,669 | 13,492,677 |
| 1969 | 3,861,271 | 13,036,700 |
| 1968 | 3,744,010 | 12,602,076 |
| 1967 | 3,629,577 | 12,200,109 |
| 1966 | 3,521,626 | 11,827,459 |
| 1965 | 3,423,210 | 11,470,728 |
| 1964 | 3,334,834 | 11,127,826 |
| 1963 | 3,258,890 | 10,799,528 |
| 1962 | 3,186,025 | 10,487,756 |
| 1961 | 3,106,779 | 10,187,886 |
| 1960 | 3,022,294 | 9,901,419 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/rwanda/tanzania | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Rwanda increased by 2,619,937 people (a 28.2% growth), while Tanzania gained 13,529,111 people (a 33.6% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Rwanda gained 3,142,873 people (a 26.4% growth), while Tanzania's population increased by 19,815,250 people (a 36.8% growth).
Rwanda was ranked 86th most populous country in 2006 and is 77th in 2026. Tanzania was ranked 30th in 2006 and ranked 20th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Rwanda's population will grow by 51.5% to 22,814,556 people with a rank change from 77th to 72nd. The population of Tanzania will increase by 76.7% to 130,145,345 people and rank change from 20th to 15th.
Rwanda is projected to reach its peak in 2100 at 33.1M people compared to the peak of 265M people in 2100 for Tanzania.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Rwanda
|
Tanzania
|
|
| 2100 | 0.32% | 0.89% |
| 2099 | 0.24% | 0.9% |
| 2098 | 0.23% | 0.93% |
| 2097 | 0.26% | 0.94% |
| 2096 | 0.41% | 0.96% |
| 2095 | 0.26% | 0.97% |
| 2094 | 0.41% | 1% |
| 2093 | 0.38% | 1.02% |
| 2092 | 0.32% | 1.05% |
| 2091 | 0.32% | 1.06% |
| 2090 | 0.62% | 1.08% |
| 2089 | 0.46% | 1.11% |
| 2088 | 0.61% | 1.13% |
| 2087 | 0.49% | 1.16% |
| 2086 | 0.46% | 1.18% |
| 2085 | 0.46% | 1.19% |
| 2084 | 0.57% | 1.21% |
| 2083 | 0.6% | 1.23% |
| 2082 | 0.58% | 1.25% |
| 2081 | 0.63% | 1.28% |
| 2080 | 0.63% | 1.31% |
| 2079 | 0.6% | 1.33% |
| 2078 | 0.66% | 1.35% |
| 2077 | 0.59% | 1.38% |
| 2076 | 0.69% | 1.4% |
| 2075 | 0.68% | 1.43% |
| 2074 | 0.75% | 1.45% |
| 2073 | 0.79% | 1.47% |
| 2072 | 0.77% | 1.5% |
| 2071 | 0.86% | 1.53% |
| 2070 | 0.76% | 1.55% |
| 2069 | 0.89% | 1.57% |
| 2068 | 0.95% | 1.6% |
| 2067 | 0.86% | 1.62% |
| 2066 | 1% | 1.68% |
| 2065 | 0.98% | 1.69% |
| 2064 | 1.05% | 1.71% |
| 2063 | 0.94% | 1.74% |
| 2062 | 1.2% | 1.76% |
| 2061 | 1.06% | 1.78% |
| 2060 | 1.08% | 1.81% |
| 2059 | 1.32% | 1.84% |
| 2058 | 1.08% | 1.87% |
| 2057 | 1.1% | 1.92% |
| 2056 | 1.24% | 1.94% |
| 2055 | 1.21% | 1.95% |
| 2054 | 1.21% | 1.97% |
| 2053 | 1.21% | 2% |
| 2052 | 1.33% | 2.03% |
| 2051 | 1.31% | 2.07% |
| 2050 | 1.4% | 2.09% |
| 2049 | 1.47% | 2.14% |
| 2048 | 1.48% | 2.18% |
| 2047 | 1.37% | 2.21% |
| 2046 | 1.53% | 2.23% |
| 2045 | 1.5% | 2.26% |
| 2044 | 1.79% | 2.28% |
| 2043 | 1.65% | 2.32% |
| 2042 | 1.86% | 2.34% |
| 2041 | 1.9% | 2.37% |
| 2040 | 1.92% | 2.41% |
| 2039 | 1.79% | 2.45% |
| 2038 | 1.84% | 2.47% |
| 2037 | 1.68% | 2.52% |
| 2036 | 2.04% | 2.54% |
| 2035 | 1.91% | 2.59% |
| 2034 | 1.94% | 2.59% |
| 2033 | 1.65% | 2.63% |
| 2032 | 1.98% | 2.68% |
| 2031 | 1.96% | 2.7% |
| 2030 | 1.95% | 2.74% |
| 2029 | 2.02% | 2.75% |
| 2028 | 2.22% | 2.79% |
| 2027 | 2.14% | 2.83% |
| 2026 | 2.26% | 2.89% |
| 2025 | 2.19% | 2.9% |
| 2024 | 2.16% | 2.92% |
| 2023 | 2.22% | 2.95% |
| 2022 | 2.21% | 2.99% |
| 2021 | 2.22% | 3.05% |
| 2020 | 2.27% | 3.04% |
| 2019 | 2.31% | 3.03% |
| 2018 | 2.34% | 3.21% |
| 2017 | 2.37% | 3.4% |
| 2016 | 2.4% | 3.47% |
| 2015 | 2.42% | 3.32% |
| 2014 | 2.45% | 3.13% |
| 2013 | 2.43% | 3.06% |
| 2012 | 2.42% | 2.92% |
| 2011 | 2.48% | 2.84% |
| 2010 | 2.56% | 2.58% |
| 2009 | 2.61% | 2.5% |
| 2008 | 2.66% | 2.74% |
| 2007 | 2.7% | 2.83% |
| 2006 | 2.7% | 2.84% |
| 2005 | 2.7% | 2.81% |
| 2004 | 2.68% | 2.75% |
| 2003 | 2.22% | 2.68% |
| 2002 | 1.36% | 2.62% |
| 2001 | 0.89% | 2.74% |
| 2000 | 0.81% | 2.88% |
| 1999 | 0.82% | 2.71% |
| 1998 | 4.21% | 2.67% |
| 1997 | 15.6% | 2.04% |
| 1996 | 18.2% | 1.85% |
| 1995 | -16.5% | 3.2% |
| 1994 | -14.9% | 3.92% |
| 1993 | 3.88% | 3.19% |
| 1992 | 2.08% | 2.53% |
| 1991 | 2.06% | 2.57% |
| 1990 | 2.65% | 2.64% |
| 1989 | 3.11% | 2.7% |
| 1988 | 3.24% | 3.08% |
| 1987 | 3.33% | 3.32% |
| 1986 | 3.4% | 3.37% |
| 1985 | 3.43% | 3.32% |
| 1984 | 3.43% | 3.32% |
| 1983 | 3.39% | 3.34% |
| 1982 | 3.33% | 3.1% |
| 1981 | 3.25% | 3.1% |
| 1980 | 3.15% | 3.21% |
| 1979 | 3.07% | 3.42% |
| 1978 | 3.01% | 3.59% |
| 1977 | 3% | 3.68% |
| 1976 | 3% | 3.7% |
| 1975 | 2.98% | 3.71% |
| 1974 | 2.97% | 3.67% |
| 1973 | 2.96% | 3.67% |
| 1972 | 2.93% | 3.63% |
| 1971 | 3% | 3.55% |
| 1970 | 3.09% | 3.5% |
| 1969 | 3.13% | 3.45% |
| 1968 | 3.15% | 3.29% |
| 1967 | 3.07% | 3.15% |
| 1966 | 2.87% | 3.11% |
| 1965 | 2.65% | 3.08% |
| 1964 | 2.33% | 3.04% |
| 1963 | 2.29% | 2.97% |
| 1962 | 2.55% | 2.94% |
| 1961 | 2.8% | 2.89% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1961–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/rwanda/tanzania | CC BY
In 2025, the population of Rwanda grew by 2.19%, while Tanzania's population grew by 2.9%.
Live population counters
|
Rwanda
|
Tanzania
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
15062056
|
73639263
|
| Population rank | 77/197 | 20/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.18% | 0.89% |
| One net population change |
1.69 minutes
|
15.9 seconds
|
| One birth every |
1.31 minutes
|
13.2 seconds
|
| One death every |
6.25 minutes
|
1.34 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | +857 | +5,440 |
| Annual growth/decline | +312,774 | +1,985,708 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +2.19% | +2.9% |
| Population growth rate rank | 40/197 | 16/197 |
| One migration net change every |
1.4 hours
|
41.4 minutes
|
| Annual migration change | +6,282 | -12,730 |
| Net migration rank | 48/196 | 139/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 513,316 | 462,371 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 80/195 | 83/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 3.6% | 0.7% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 109/195 | 167/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Rwanda
|
Tanzania
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | 6,282 | - | -12,730 |
| 2024 | 316,025 | -15,582 | 1,993,730 | -29,865 |
| 2023 | 312,762 | -9,001 | 1,960,623 | -39,388 |
| 2022 | 312,145 | -9,001 | 1,927,960 | -37,557 |
| 2021 | 309,895 | -21,492 | 1,880,137 | -7,704 |
| 2020 | 312,692 | -22,251 | 1,861,377 | -18,587 |
| 2019 | 313,525 | -24,492 | 1,816,669 | -63,602 |
| 2018 | 312,512 | -25,323 | 1,777,852 | -55,444 |
| 2017 | 310,323 | -25,634 | 1,726,909 | 119,142 |
| 2016 | 305,549 | -24,474 | 1,659,502 | 152,194 |
| 2015 | 299,114 | -21,862 | 1,592,882 | 201,495 |
| 2014 | 292,779 | -19,505 | 1,565,630 | -21,083 |
| 2013 | 286,331 | -16,779 | 1,509,008 | 1,241 |
| 2012 | 282,584 | -25,260 | 1,439,325 | -49,875 |
| 2011 | 282,922 | -27,915 | 1,384,886 | -84,546 |
| 2010 | 286,848 | -29,501 | 1,363,477 | -122,020 |
| 2009 | 287,034 | -30,128 | 1,332,015 | -324,478 |
| 2008 | 287,334 | -31,913 | 1,303,728 | -184,816 |
| 2007 | 285,791 | -32,537 | 1,278,285 | -126,793 |
| 2006 | 282,149 | -34,008 | 1,257,927 | -128,231 |
| 2005 | 275,121 | -33,830 | 1,224,165 | -128,251 |
| 2004 | 265,273 | -31,214 | 1,175,379 | -126,490 |
| 2003 | 251,243 | -25,355 | 1,118,435 | -127,101 |
| 2002 | 239,036 | -91,518 | 1,063,195 | -118,047 |
| 2001 | 230,845 | -152,197 | 1,026,242 | -125,375 |
| 2000 | 221,276 | -153,588 | 985,185 | -9,701 |
| 1999 | 210,518 | -146,162 | 948,659 | -4,489 |
| 1998 | 197,185 | -129,089 | 920,806 | -105,184 |
| 1997 | 174,687 | 410,106 | 882,544 | -13,400 |
| 1996 | 140,455 | 1,367,700 | 868,524 | -473,007 |
| 1995 | 121,137 | 439,995 | 838,980 | -109,971 |
| 1994 | -719,479 | -2,078,111 | 803,953 | 349,348 |
| 1993 | 183,926 | 236,110 | 778,044 | 288,004 |
| 1992 | 188,025 | -12,334 | 767,961 | -83,825 |
| 1991 | 196,431 | -59,519 | 762,011 | -91,851 |
| 1990 | 207,895 | -41,483 | 750,825 | -80,529 |
| 1989 | 217,632 | -2,826 | 743,854 | -71,268 |
| 1988 | 223,759 | -5,285 | 736,551 | -71,012 |
| 1987 | 225,744 | -7,062 | 718,580 | 94,498 |
| 1986 | 225,526 | -8,982 | 705,677 | 24,101 |
| 1985 | 223,794 | -11,031 | 697,867 | 86,864 |
| 1984 | 219,337 | -12,899 | 687,435 | -26,938 |
| 1983 | 212,750 | -14,560 | 679,720 | 58,161 |
| 1982 | 205,147 | -15,818 | 662,627 | -37,883 |
| 1981 | 195,769 | -16,453 | 645,496 | -42,485 |
| 1980 | 184,988 | -16,359 | 629,444 | -42,588 |
| 1979 | 174,477 | -15,669 | 613,388 | -4,792 |
| 1978 | 163,779 | -13,838 | 595,024 | 27,307 |
| 1977 | 155,011 | -11,084 | 574,938 | 49,997 |
| 1976 | 147,665 | -7,027 | 553,617 | 54,875 |
| 1975 | 140,596 | -4,791 | 533,906 | 53,290 |
| 1974 | 135,743 | -4,535 | 515,152 | 51,127 |
| 1973 | 131,021 | -3,862 | 488,429 | 48,363 |
| 1972 | 126,403 | -4,156 | 467,305 | 57,489 |
| 1971 | 122,567 | -4,230 | 449,014 | 41,900 |
| 1970 | 119,273 | 1,149 | 427,988 | 38,635 |
| 1969 | 115,394 | 2,983 | 408,322 | 37,006 |
| 1968 | 111,422 | 4,728 | 389,467 | 34,455 |
| 1967 | 108,053 | 4,655 | 374,763 | 5,265 |
| 1966 | 105,128 | -1,930 | 360,229 | 5,049 |
| 1965 | 103,422 | -9,774 | 343,456 | 4,742 |
| 1964 | 102,562 | -19,458 | 328,527 | 9,090 |
| 1963 | 94,296 | -25,524 | 314,644 | 4,333 |
| 1962 | 102,548 | -25,594 | 300,663 | 3,916 |
| 1961 | 102,051 | -20,508 | 286,839 | 8,338 |
| 1960 | 100,627 | -13,198 | 275,814 | 1,946 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/rwanda/tanzania | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 94% of the population change in Rwanda is from natural causes (a gain of 3,104,542 people) and 6.03% is from migration (a loss of 199,112 people). In Tanzania 98.8% is from natural causes (a gain of 18,197,641 people) and 1.2% is from migration (a gain of 220,684 people).
As of 2024, 513,316 residents or 3.6% of the population were not native-born in Rwanda, compared to 462,371 people or 0.7% in Tanzania.
Biggest cities by population
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Population differences between Rwanda and Tanzania
|
Rwanda
|
Tanzania
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 68.5 years | 67.6 years |
| Average age | 25.1 years | 22.8 years |
| Median age | 21 years | 18.5 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 48.8:51.2 | 49.6:50.4 |
| Fertility rate | 3.65 births per woman | 4.54 births per woman |
| Population density | 1,564 ppl/mi² | 212.2 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/rwanda/tanzania | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
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