The latest officially reported population of Tanzania was 70,545,865 in 2025 vs 101,598,527 people in Vietnam in 2025. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Tanzania's population is 73,639,263 people compared to 102,486,146 in Vietnam.
Population statistics:
- Vietnam's population is 1.39 times bigger than Tanzania's.
- Tanzania is ranked the 20th most populous country in the world, while Vietnam is the 16th.
- The countries together account for 2.12% of the world: 0.89% for Tanzania vs 1.23% for Vietnam.
- For the last 10 years, Tanzania has had an average growth rate of +3.11% per year vs +0.94% in Vietnam.
- Since 2006, the population of Tanzania has increased from 40.3M people to 73.6M (82.8% growth), while Vietnam has grown from 82.2M to 102M (24.7% growth).
Tanzania vs Vietnam: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Tanzania
|
Vietnam
|
|
| 2100 | 265,471,550 | 92,225,380 |
| 2099 | 263,137,702 | 92,721,469 |
| 2098 | 260,784,676 | 93,212,742 |
| 2097 | 258,387,890 | 93,688,693 |
| 2096 | 255,972,277 | 94,163,950 |
| 2095 | 253,543,248 | 94,626,063 |
| 2094 | 251,095,452 | 95,083,879 |
| 2093 | 248,605,184 | 95,543,293 |
| 2092 | 246,083,651 | 96,000,019 |
| 2091 | 243,533,968 | 96,459,165 |
| 2090 | 240,979,094 | 96,922,871 |
| 2089 | 238,393,867 | 97,384,434 |
| 2088 | 235,775,056 | 97,843,001 |
| 2087 | 233,145,231 | 98,308,755 |
| 2086 | 230,474,072 | 98,773,008 |
| 2085 | 227,778,580 | 99,233,927 |
| 2084 | 225,090,075 | 99,695,401 |
| 2083 | 222,400,079 | 100,162,677 |
| 2082 | 219,697,321 | 100,634,653 |
| 2081 | 216,974,796 | 101,104,469 |
| 2080 | 214,235,505 | 101,568,526 |
| 2079 | 211,466,096 | 102,030,723 |
| 2078 | 208,688,171 | 102,480,219 |
| 2077 | 205,898,494 | 102,928,253 |
| 2076 | 203,086,766 | 103,358,352 |
| 2075 | 200,278,383 | 103,783,177 |
| 2074 | 197,449,196 | 104,197,814 |
| 2073 | 194,624,081 | 104,606,950 |
| 2072 | 191,805,820 | 105,005,673 |
| 2071 | 188,974,004 | 105,384,777 |
| 2070 | 186,134,634 | 105,757,144 |
| 2069 | 183,293,747 | 106,110,195 |
| 2068 | 180,458,385 | 106,454,379 |
| 2067 | 177,622,538 | 106,794,625 |
| 2066 | 174,786,430 | 107,126,965 |
| 2065 | 171,897,059 | 107,442,675 |
| 2064 | 169,048,435 | 107,744,261 |
| 2063 | 166,202,091 | 108,038,461 |
| 2062 | 163,354,473 | 108,322,712 |
| 2061 | 160,521,858 | 108,590,617 |
| 2060 | 157,707,240 | 108,842,045 |
| 2059 | 154,905,240 | 109,087,333 |
| 2058 | 152,106,040 | 109,320,301 |
| 2057 | 149,311,257 | 109,529,799 |
| 2056 | 146,505,507 | 109,715,196 |
| 2055 | 143,722,840 | 109,886,647 |
| 2054 | 140,970,467 | 110,035,740 |
| 2053 | 138,249,490 | 110,156,643 |
| 2052 | 135,540,803 | 110,253,026 |
| 2051 | 132,838,721 | 110,321,289 |
| 2050 | 130,145,345 | 110,344,733 |
| 2049 | 127,483,126 | 110,339,565 |
| 2048 | 124,809,212 | 110,296,602 |
| 2047 | 122,146,647 | 110,211,618 |
| 2046 | 119,511,124 | 110,090,837 |
| 2045 | 116,903,642 | 109,926,260 |
| 2044 | 114,318,843 | 109,731,512 |
| 2043 | 111,765,580 | 109,497,595 |
| 2042 | 109,231,423 | 109,225,525 |
| 2041 | 106,738,458 | 108,919,674 |
| 2040 | 104,262,479 | 108,594,542 |
| 2039 | 101,804,600 | 108,237,715 |
| 2038 | 99,370,760 | 107,861,117 |
| 2037 | 96,974,485 | 107,463,482 |
| 2036 | 94,592,848 | 107,058,359 |
| 2035 | 92,248,476 | 106,630,705 |
| 2034 | 89,920,872 | 106,189,495 |
| 2033 | 87,646,627 | 105,745,684 |
| 2032 | 85,401,853 | 105,283,013 |
| 2031 | 83,172,579 | 104,809,957 |
| 2030 | 80,989,443 | 104,314,150 |
| 2029 | 78,830,947 | 103,819,556 |
| 2028 | 76,723,335 | 103,300,347 |
| 2027 | 74,639,948 | 102,759,746 |
| 2026 | 72,582,361 | 102,197,177 |
| 2025 | 70,545,865 | 101,598,527 |
| 2024 | 68,560,157 | 100,987,686 |
| 2023 | 66,617,606 | 100,352,192 |
| 2022 | 64,711,821 | 99,680,655 |
| 2021 | 62,830,412 | 98,935,098 |
| 2020 | 60,972,798 | 98,079,191 |
| 2019 | 59,174,891 | 97,173,776 |
| 2018 | 57,437,145 | 96,237,319 |
| 2017 | 55,652,890 | 95,176,977 |
| 2016 | 53,824,013 | 94,000,117 |
| 2015 | 52,020,962 | 92,823,254 |
| 2014 | 50,351,512 | 91,679,578 |
| 2013 | 48,824,128 | 90,573,104 |
| 2012 | 47,374,260 | 89,510,356 |
| 2011 | 46,029,367 | 88,468,314 |
| 2010 | 44,758,488 | 87,455,152 |
| 2009 | 43,633,982 | 86,460,018 |
| 2008 | 42,570,728 | 85,175,788 |
| 2007 | 41,435,512 | 83,633,375 |
| 2006 | 40,294,902 | 82,167,897 |
| 2005 | 39,182,076 | 81,088,313 |
| 2004 | 38,109,668 | 80,338,971 |
| 2003 | 37,089,555 | 79,563,777 |
| 2002 | 36,121,304 | 78,772,224 |
| 2001 | 35,198,299 | 77,969,361 |
| 2000 | 34,260,139 | 77,154,011 |
| 1999 | 33,300,330 | 76,287,452 |
| 1998 | 32,420,458 | 75,299,660 |
| 1997 | 31,578,089 | 74,226,889 |
| 1996 | 30,945,762 | 73,156,447 |
| 1995 | 30,383,497 | 72,049,940 |
| 1994 | 29,442,356 | 70,854,391 |
| 1993 | 28,332,692 | 69,586,384 |
| 1992 | 27,457,588 | 68,260,337 |
| 1991 | 26,780,436 | 66,891,775 |
| 1990 | 26,110,207 | 65,504,552 |
| 1989 | 25,438,759 | 64,147,348 |
| 1988 | 24,769,686 | 62,843,228 |
| 1987 | 24,030,378 | 61,584,651 |
| 1986 | 23,258,959 | 60,347,048 |
| 1985 | 22,501,693 | 59,060,622 |
| 1984 | 21,779,066 | 57,706,067 |
| 1983 | 21,079,874 | 56,337,921 |
| 1982 | 20,398,571 | 55,011,289 |
| 1981 | 19,784,703 | 53,738,141 |
| 1980 | 19,189,769 | 52,490,101 |
| 1979 | 18,592,038 | 51,378,211 |
| 1978 | 17,976,566 | 50,249,552 |
| 1977 | 17,352,929 | 48,954,872 |
| 1976 | 16,736,211 | 47,684,931 |
| 1975 | 16,138,361 | 46,482,903 |
| 1974 | 15,561,630 | 45,413,537 |
| 1973 | 15,010,101 | 44,409,861 |
| 1972 | 14,479,308 | 43,429,168 |
| 1971 | 13,971,451 | 42,449,276 |
| 1970 | 13,492,677 | 41,475,230 |
| 1969 | 13,036,700 | 40,582,096 |
| 1968 | 12,602,076 | 39,734,609 |
| 1967 | 12,200,109 | 38,895,080 |
| 1966 | 11,827,459 | 38,024,836 |
| 1965 | 11,470,728 | 37,129,656 |
| 1964 | 11,127,826 | 36,201,563 |
| 1963 | 10,799,528 | 35,249,101 |
| 1962 | 10,487,756 | 34,288,560 |
| 1961 | 10,187,886 | 33,409,059 |
| 1960 | 9,901,419 | 32,531,933 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/tanzania/vietnam | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Tanzania increased by 13,529,111 people (a 33.6% growth), while Vietnam gained 11,832,220 people (a 14.4% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Tanzania gained 19,815,250 people (a 36.8% growth), while Vietnam's population increased by 8,486,029 people (a 9.03% growth).
Tanzania was ranked 30th most populous country in 2006 and is 20th in 2026. Vietnam was ranked 15th in 2006 and ranked 16th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Tanzania's population will grow by 76.7% to 130,145,345 people with a rank change from 20th to 15th. The population of Vietnam will increase by 7.67% to 110,344,733 people and will still be ranked 16th.
Tanzania is projected to reach its peak in 2100 at 265M people compared to the peak of 110M people in 2050 for Vietnam.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Tanzania
|
Vietnam
|
|
| 2100 | 0.89% | -0.54% |
| 2099 | 0.9% | -0.53% |
| 2098 | 0.93% | -0.51% |
| 2097 | 0.94% | -0.5% |
| 2096 | 0.96% | -0.49% |
| 2095 | 0.97% | -0.48% |
| 2094 | 1% | -0.48% |
| 2093 | 1.02% | -0.48% |
| 2092 | 1.05% | -0.48% |
| 2091 | 1.06% | -0.48% |
| 2090 | 1.08% | -0.47% |
| 2089 | 1.11% | -0.47% |
| 2088 | 1.13% | -0.47% |
| 2087 | 1.16% | -0.47% |
| 2086 | 1.18% | -0.46% |
| 2085 | 1.19% | -0.46% |
| 2084 | 1.21% | -0.47% |
| 2083 | 1.23% | -0.47% |
| 2082 | 1.25% | -0.46% |
| 2081 | 1.28% | -0.46% |
| 2080 | 1.31% | -0.45% |
| 2079 | 1.33% | -0.44% |
| 2078 | 1.35% | -0.44% |
| 2077 | 1.38% | -0.42% |
| 2076 | 1.4% | -0.41% |
| 2075 | 1.43% | -0.4% |
| 2074 | 1.45% | -0.39% |
| 2073 | 1.47% | -0.38% |
| 2072 | 1.5% | -0.36% |
| 2071 | 1.53% | -0.35% |
| 2070 | 1.55% | -0.33% |
| 2069 | 1.57% | -0.32% |
| 2068 | 1.6% | -0.32% |
| 2067 | 1.62% | -0.31% |
| 2066 | 1.68% | -0.29% |
| 2065 | 1.69% | -0.28% |
| 2064 | 1.71% | -0.27% |
| 2063 | 1.74% | -0.26% |
| 2062 | 1.76% | -0.25% |
| 2061 | 1.78% | -0.23% |
| 2060 | 1.81% | -0.22% |
| 2059 | 1.84% | -0.21% |
| 2058 | 1.87% | -0.19% |
| 2057 | 1.92% | -0.17% |
| 2056 | 1.94% | -0.16% |
| 2055 | 1.95% | -0.14% |
| 2054 | 1.97% | -0.11% |
| 2053 | 2% | -0.09% |
| 2052 | 2.03% | -0.06% |
| 2051 | 2.07% | -0.02% |
| 2050 | 2.09% | 0.005% |
| 2049 | 2.14% | 0.04% |
| 2048 | 2.18% | 0.08% |
| 2047 | 2.21% | 0.11% |
| 2046 | 2.23% | 0.15% |
| 2045 | 2.26% | 0.18% |
| 2044 | 2.28% | 0.21% |
| 2043 | 2.32% | 0.25% |
| 2042 | 2.34% | 0.28% |
| 2041 | 2.37% | 0.3% |
| 2040 | 2.41% | 0.33% |
| 2039 | 2.45% | 0.35% |
| 2038 | 2.47% | 0.37% |
| 2037 | 2.52% | 0.38% |
| 2036 | 2.54% | 0.4% |
| 2035 | 2.59% | 0.42% |
| 2034 | 2.59% | 0.42% |
| 2033 | 2.63% | 0.44% |
| 2032 | 2.68% | 0.45% |
| 2031 | 2.7% | 0.48% |
| 2030 | 2.74% | 0.48% |
| 2029 | 2.75% | 0.5% |
| 2028 | 2.79% | 0.53% |
| 2027 | 2.83% | 0.55% |
| 2026 | 2.89% | 0.59% |
| 2025 | 2.9% | 0.6% |
| 2024 | 2.92% | 0.63% |
| 2023 | 2.95% | 0.67% |
| 2022 | 2.99% | 0.75% |
| 2021 | 3.05% | 0.87% |
| 2020 | 3.04% | 0.93% |
| 2019 | 3.03% | 0.97% |
| 2018 | 3.21% | 1.11% |
| 2017 | 3.4% | 1.25% |
| 2016 | 3.47% | 1.27% |
| 2015 | 3.32% | 1.25% |
| 2014 | 3.13% | 1.22% |
| 2013 | 3.06% | 1.19% |
| 2012 | 2.92% | 1.18% |
| 2011 | 2.84% | 1.16% |
| 2010 | 2.58% | 1.15% |
| 2009 | 2.5% | 1.51% |
| 2008 | 2.74% | 1.84% |
| 2007 | 2.83% | 1.78% |
| 2006 | 2.84% | 1.33% |
| 2005 | 2.81% | 0.93% |
| 2004 | 2.75% | 0.97% |
| 2003 | 2.68% | 1% |
| 2002 | 2.62% | 1.03% |
| 2001 | 2.74% | 1.06% |
| 2000 | 2.88% | 1.14% |
| 1999 | 2.71% | 1.31% |
| 1998 | 2.67% | 1.45% |
| 1997 | 2.04% | 1.46% |
| 1996 | 1.85% | 1.54% |
| 1995 | 3.2% | 1.69% |
| 1994 | 3.92% | 1.82% |
| 1993 | 3.19% | 1.94% |
| 1992 | 2.53% | 2.05% |
| 1991 | 2.57% | 2.12% |
| 1990 | 2.64% | 2.12% |
| 1989 | 2.7% | 2.08% |
| 1988 | 3.08% | 2.04% |
| 1987 | 3.32% | 2.05% |
| 1986 | 3.37% | 2.18% |
| 1985 | 3.32% | 2.35% |
| 1984 | 3.32% | 2.43% |
| 1983 | 3.34% | 2.41% |
| 1982 | 3.1% | 2.37% |
| 1981 | 3.1% | 2.38% |
| 1980 | 3.21% | 2.16% |
| 1979 | 3.42% | 2.25% |
| 1978 | 3.59% | 2.64% |
| 1977 | 3.68% | 2.66% |
| 1976 | 3.7% | 2.59% |
| 1975 | 3.71% | 2.35% |
| 1974 | 3.67% | 2.26% |
| 1973 | 3.67% | 2.26% |
| 1972 | 3.63% | 2.31% |
| 1971 | 3.55% | 2.35% |
| 1970 | 3.5% | 2.2% |
| 1969 | 3.45% | 2.13% |
| 1968 | 3.29% | 2.16% |
| 1967 | 3.15% | 2.29% |
| 1966 | 3.11% | 2.41% |
| 1965 | 3.08% | 2.56% |
| 1964 | 3.04% | 2.7% |
| 1963 | 2.97% | 2.8% |
| 1962 | 2.94% | 2.63% |
| 1961 | 2.89% | 2.7% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1961–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/tanzania/vietnam | CC BY
In 2025, the population of Tanzania grew by 2.9%, while Vietnam's population grew by 0.6%.
Live population counters
|
Tanzania
|
Vietnam
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
73639263
|
102486146
|
| Population rank | 20/197 | 16/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.89% | 1.23% |
| One net population change |
15.9 seconds
|
51.8 seconds
|
| One birth every |
13.2 seconds
|
23.3 seconds
|
| One death every |
1.34 minutes
|
47 seconds
|
| Daily growth/decline | +5,440 | +1,674 |
| Annual growth/decline | +1,985,708 | +610,841 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +2.9% | +0.6% |
| Population growth rate rank | 16/197 | 122/197 |
| One migration net change every |
41.4 minutes
|
10.9 minutes
|
| Annual migration change | -12,730 | -48,171 |
| Net migration rank | 139/196 | 174/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 462,371 | 326,418 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 83/195 | 95/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 0.7% | 0.3% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 167/195 | 185/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Tanzania
|
Vietnam
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | -12,730 | - | -48,171 |
| 2024 | 1,993,730 | -29,865 | 684,393 | -59,645 |
| 2023 | 1,960,623 | -39,388 | 727,955 | -81,789 |
| 2022 | 1,927,960 | -37,557 | 775,914 | -78,977 |
| 2021 | 1,880,137 | -7,704 | 799,593 | -5,418 |
| 2020 | 1,861,377 | -18,587 | 924,004 | -6,457 |
| 2019 | 1,816,669 | -63,602 | 895,262 | -2,051 |
| 2018 | 1,777,852 | -55,444 | 882,977 | 96,650 |
| 2017 | 1,726,909 | 119,142 | 1,001,833 | 139,245 |
| 2016 | 1,659,502 | 152,194 | 1,045,094 | 167,652 |
| 2015 | 1,592,882 | 201,495 | 1,145,903 | -4,888 |
| 2014 | 1,565,630 | -21,083 | 1,151,221 | -4,894 |
| 2013 | 1,509,008 | 1,241 | 1,071,570 | -4,979 |
| 2012 | 1,439,325 | -49,875 | 1,063,741 | -4,851 |
| 2011 | 1,384,886 | -84,546 | 1,029,859 | -4,602 |
| 2010 | 1,363,477 | -122,020 | 1,005,559 | -4,443 |
| 2009 | 1,332,015 | -324,478 | 1,007,778 | -18,560 |
| 2008 | 1,303,728 | -184,816 | 1,008,141 | 571,113 |
| 2007 | 1,278,285 | -126,793 | 981,689 | 523,784 |
| 2006 | 1,257,927 | -128,231 | 943,041 | 482,399 |
| 2005 | 1,224,165 | -128,251 | 942,084 | -208,337 |
| 2004 | 1,175,379 | -126,490 | 985,438 | -220,458 |
| 2003 | 1,118,435 | -127,101 | 1,001,470 | -216,062 |
| 2002 | 1,063,195 | -118,047 | 991,427 | -193,766 |
| 2001 | 1,026,242 | -125,375 | 985,610 | -177,586 |
| 2000 | 985,185 | -9,701 | 966,894 | -144,298 |
| 1999 | 948,659 | -4,489 | 925,519 | -15,010 |
| 1998 | 920,806 | -105,184 | 959,016 | 106,091 |
| 1997 | 882,544 | -13,400 | 1,028,116 | 52,382 |
| 1996 | 868,524 | -473,007 | 1,108,686 | -48,235 |
| 1995 | 838,980 | -109,971 | 1,203,666 | -51,147 |
| 1994 | 803,953 | 349,348 | 1,291,534 | -53,012 |
| 1993 | 778,044 | 288,004 | 1,370,365 | -72,931 |
| 1992 | 767,961 | -83,825 | 1,419,952 | -65,285 |
| 1991 | 762,011 | -91,851 | 1,459,311 | -76,829 |
| 1990 | 750,825 | -80,529 | 1,449,157 | -57,221 |
| 1989 | 743,854 | -71,268 | 1,423,622 | -101,113 |
| 1988 | 736,551 | -71,012 | 1,370,108 | -84,361 |
| 1987 | 718,580 | 94,498 | 1,359,481 | -128,095 |
| 1986 | 705,677 | 24,101 | 1,407,957 | -164,183 |
| 1985 | 697,867 | 86,864 | 1,453,954 | -124,910 |
| 1984 | 687,435 | -26,938 | 1,477,448 | -97,339 |
| 1983 | 679,720 | 58,161 | 1,453,913 | -97,706 |
| 1982 | 662,627 | -37,883 | 1,407,959 | -110,901 |
| 1981 | 645,496 | -42,485 | 1,358,500 | -109,259 |
| 1980 | 629,444 | -42,588 | 1,321,595 | -74,791 |
| 1979 | 613,388 | -4,792 | 1,314,563 | -337,597 |
| 1978 | 595,024 | 27,307 | 1,286,991 | -6,592 |
| 1977 | 574,938 | 49,997 | 1,259,315 | 49,655 |
| 1976 | 553,617 | 54,875 | 1,232,608 | -1,733 |
| 1975 | 533,906 | 53,290 | 1,175,181 | -2,010 |
| 1974 | 515,152 | 51,127 | 1,000,505 | -34,940 |
| 1973 | 488,429 | 48,363 | 1,061,707 | -19,937 |
| 1972 | 467,305 | 57,489 | 921,524 | -1,920 |
| 1971 | 449,014 | 41,900 | 963,259 | 76,961 |
| 1970 | 427,988 | 38,635 | 905,902 | 1,997 |
| 1969 | 408,322 | 37,006 | 878,359 | 0 |
| 1968 | 389,467 | 34,455 | 815,116 | 1,489 |
| 1967 | 374,763 | 5,265 | 862,071 | 394 |
| 1966 | 360,229 | 5,049 | 876,283 | 1,769 |
| 1965 | 343,456 | 4,742 | 913,761 | -1,438 |
| 1964 | 328,527 | 9,090 | 950,219 | -6,328 |
| 1963 | 314,644 | 4,333 | 961,067 | 0 |
| 1962 | 300,663 | 3,916 | 960,046 | 0 |
| 1961 | 286,839 | 8,338 | 798,978 | 0 |
| 1960 | 275,814 | 1,946 | 955,268 | 0 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/tanzania/vietnam | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 98.8% of the population change in Tanzania is from natural causes (a gain of 18,197,641 people) and 1.2% is from migration (a gain of 220,684 people). In Vietnam 98.2% is from natural causes (a gain of 8,882,928 people) and 1.82% is from migration (a gain of 164,322 people).
As of 2024, 462,371 residents or 0.7% of the population were not native-born in Tanzania, compared to 326,418 people or 0.3% in Vietnam.
Biggest cities by population
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between Tanzania and Vietnam
|
Tanzania
|
Vietnam
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 67.6 years | 75 years |
| Average age | 22.8 years | 34.9 years |
| Median age | 18.5 years | 34.4 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 49.6:50.4 | 49:51 |
| Fertility rate | 4.54 births per woman | 1.9 births per woman |
| Population density | 212.2 ppl/mi² | 844 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/tanzania/vietnam | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08)
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