The latest officially reported population of the Central African Republic was 5,513,282 in 2025 vs 70,545,865 people in Tanzania in 2025. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Central African Republic's population is 5,798,457 people compared to 73,639,263 in Tanzania.
Population statistics:
- Tanzania's population is 12.7 times bigger than the Central African Republic's.
- The Central African Republic is ranked the 117th most populous country in the world, while Tanzania is the 20th.
- The countries together account for 0.96% of the world: 0.07% for the Central African Republic vs 0.89% for Tanzania.
- For the last 10 years, the Central African Republic has had an average growth rate of +1.62% per year vs +3.11% in Tanzania.
- Since 2006, the population of the Central African Republic has increased from 4.38M people to 5.8M (32.5% growth), while Tanzania has grown from 40.3M to 73.6M (82.8% growth).
Central African Republic vs Tanzania: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
CAR
|
Tanzania
|
|
| 2100 | 19,061,127 | 265,471,550 |
| 2099 | 18,981,009 | 263,137,702 |
| 2098 | 18,896,319 | 260,784,676 |
| 2097 | 18,810,793 | 258,387,890 |
| 2096 | 18,719,993 | 255,972,277 |
| 2095 | 18,621,666 | 253,543,248 |
| 2094 | 18,521,650 | 251,095,452 |
| 2093 | 18,420,299 | 248,605,184 |
| 2092 | 18,311,751 | 246,083,651 |
| 2091 | 18,200,580 | 243,533,968 |
| 2090 | 18,083,097 | 240,979,094 |
| 2089 | 17,968,298 | 238,393,867 |
| 2088 | 17,844,377 | 235,775,056 |
| 2087 | 17,717,148 | 233,145,231 |
| 2086 | 17,581,447 | 230,474,072 |
| 2085 | 17,447,157 | 227,778,580 |
| 2084 | 17,306,435 | 225,090,075 |
| 2083 | 17,159,818 | 222,400,079 |
| 2082 | 17,010,036 | 219,697,321 |
| 2081 | 16,860,592 | 216,974,796 |
| 2080 | 16,704,486 | 214,235,505 |
| 2079 | 16,552,105 | 211,466,096 |
| 2078 | 16,392,201 | 208,688,171 |
| 2077 | 16,224,015 | 205,898,494 |
| 2076 | 16,051,483 | 203,086,766 |
| 2075 | 15,877,563 | 200,278,383 |
| 2074 | 15,706,759 | 197,449,196 |
| 2073 | 15,526,382 | 194,624,081 |
| 2072 | 15,346,626 | 191,805,820 |
| 2071 | 15,158,906 | 188,974,004 |
| 2070 | 14,964,276 | 186,134,634 |
| 2069 | 14,768,967 | 183,293,747 |
| 2068 | 14,572,130 | 180,458,385 |
| 2067 | 14,369,861 | 177,622,538 |
| 2066 | 14,167,129 | 174,786,430 |
| 2065 | 13,963,573 | 171,897,059 |
| 2064 | 13,758,257 | 169,048,435 |
| 2063 | 13,545,150 | 166,202,091 |
| 2062 | 13,332,625 | 163,354,473 |
| 2061 | 13,120,271 | 160,521,858 |
| 2060 | 12,903,195 | 157,707,240 |
| 2059 | 12,684,791 | 154,905,240 |
| 2058 | 12,464,271 | 152,106,040 |
| 2057 | 12,242,308 | 149,311,257 |
| 2056 | 12,020,446 | 146,505,507 |
| 2055 | 11,797,986 | 143,722,840 |
| 2054 | 11,575,058 | 140,970,467 |
| 2053 | 11,351,527 | 138,249,490 |
| 2052 | 11,128,939 | 135,540,803 |
| 2051 | 10,908,122 | 132,838,721 |
| 2050 | 10,686,324 | 130,145,345 |
| 2049 | 10,468,520 | 127,483,126 |
| 2048 | 10,249,810 | 124,809,212 |
| 2047 | 10,034,764 | 122,146,647 |
| 2046 | 9,819,986 | 119,511,124 |
| 2045 | 9,606,504 | 116,903,642 |
| 2044 | 9,394,614 | 114,318,843 |
| 2043 | 9,185,941 | 111,765,580 |
| 2042 | 8,980,018 | 109,231,423 |
| 2041 | 8,774,893 | 106,738,458 |
| 2040 | 8,567,893 | 104,262,479 |
| 2039 | 8,358,128 | 101,804,600 |
| 2038 | 8,149,514 | 99,370,760 |
| 2037 | 7,942,721 | 96,974,485 |
| 2036 | 7,734,436 | 94,592,848 |
| 2035 | 7,525,805 | 92,248,476 |
| 2034 | 7,314,741 | 89,920,872 |
| 2033 | 7,105,166 | 87,646,627 |
| 2032 | 6,897,152 | 85,401,853 |
| 2031 | 6,690,066 | 83,172,579 |
| 2030 | 6,486,667 | 80,989,443 |
| 2029 | 6,286,290 | 78,830,947 |
| 2028 | 6,085,426 | 76,723,335 |
| 2027 | 5,890,999 | 74,639,948 |
| 2026 | 5,700,718 | 72,582,361 |
| 2025 | 5,513,282 | 70,545,865 |
| 2024 | 5,330,690 | 68,560,157 |
| 2023 | 5,152,421 | 66,617,606 |
| 2022 | 5,098,039 | 64,711,821 |
| 2021 | 5,112,100 | 62,830,412 |
| 2020 | 5,026,628 | 60,972,798 |
| 2019 | 4,944,703 | 59,174,891 |
| 2018 | 4,878,657 | 57,437,145 |
| 2017 | 4,793,511 | 55,652,890 |
| 2016 | 4,713,663 | 53,824,013 |
| 2015 | 4,629,320 | 52,020,962 |
| 2014 | 4,623,182 | 50,351,512 |
| 2013 | 4,642,419 | 48,824,128 |
| 2012 | 4,610,848 | 47,374,260 |
| 2011 | 4,565,021 | 46,029,367 |
| 2010 | 4,492,995 | 44,758,488 |
| 2009 | 4,529,047 | 43,633,982 |
| 2008 | 4,558,984 | 42,570,728 |
| 2007 | 4,462,770 | 41,435,512 |
| 2006 | 4,377,579 | 40,294,902 |
| 2005 | 4,288,810 | 39,182,076 |
| 2004 | 4,192,826 | 38,109,668 |
| 2003 | 4,103,086 | 37,089,555 |
| 2002 | 4,006,077 | 36,121,304 |
| 2001 | 3,919,487 | 35,198,299 |
| 2000 | 3,833,416 | 34,260,139 |
| 1999 | 3,729,450 | 33,300,330 |
| 1998 | 3,628,827 | 32,420,458 |
| 1997 | 3,531,700 | 31,578,089 |
| 1996 | 3,435,965 | 30,945,762 |
| 1995 | 3,348,052 | 30,383,497 |
| 1994 | 3,257,954 | 29,442,356 |
| 1993 | 3,157,839 | 28,332,692 |
| 1992 | 3,058,831 | 27,457,588 |
| 1991 | 2,963,191 | 26,780,436 |
| 1990 | 2,871,910 | 26,110,207 |
| 1989 | 2,783,970 | 25,438,759 |
| 1988 | 2,713,965 | 24,769,686 |
| 1987 | 2,669,155 | 24,030,378 |
| 1986 | 2,634,258 | 23,258,959 |
| 1985 | 2,600,932 | 22,501,693 |
| 1984 | 2,568,610 | 21,779,066 |
| 1983 | 2,537,399 | 21,079,874 |
| 1982 | 2,507,375 | 20,398,571 |
| 1981 | 2,478,402 | 19,784,703 |
| 1980 | 2,450,535 | 19,189,769 |
| 1979 | 2,423,794 | 18,592,038 |
| 1978 | 2,397,961 | 17,976,566 |
| 1977 | 2,372,930 | 17,352,929 |
| 1976 | 2,348,566 | 16,736,211 |
| 1975 | 2,313,916 | 16,138,361 |
| 1974 | 2,269,338 | 15,561,630 |
| 1973 | 2,226,008 | 15,010,101 |
| 1972 | 2,183,769 | 14,479,308 |
| 1971 | 2,141,450 | 13,971,451 |
| 1970 | 2,097,505 | 13,492,677 |
| 1969 | 2,051,515 | 13,036,700 |
| 1968 | 2,005,100 | 12,602,076 |
| 1967 | 1,960,444 | 12,200,109 |
| 1966 | 1,918,082 | 11,827,459 |
| 1965 | 1,877,854 | 11,470,728 |
| 1964 | 1,839,583 | 11,127,826 |
| 1963 | 1,803,063 | 10,799,528 |
| 1962 | 1,768,115 | 10,487,756 |
| 1961 | 1,734,580 | 10,187,886 |
| 1960 | 1,702,346 | 9,901,419 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/central-african-republic/tanzania | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of the Central African Republic increased by 336,084 people (a 7.68% growth), while Tanzania gained 13,529,111 people (a 33.6% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, the Central African Republic gained 1,084,794 people (a 23% growth), while Tanzania's population increased by 19,815,250 people (a 36.8% growth).
The Central African Republic was ranked 118th most populous country in 2006 and is 117th in 2026. Tanzania was ranked 30th in 2006 and ranked 20th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) the Central African Republic's population will grow by 84.3% to 10,686,324 people with a rank change from 117th to 96th. The population of Tanzania will increase by 76.7% to 130,145,345 people and rank change from 20th to 15th.
The Central African Republic is projected to reach its peak in 2100 at 19.1M people compared to the peak of 265M people in 2100 for Tanzania.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
CAR
|
Tanzania
|
|
| 2100 | 0.42% | 0.89% |
| 2099 | 0.45% | 0.9% |
| 2098 | 0.45% | 0.93% |
| 2097 | 0.49% | 0.94% |
| 2096 | 0.53% | 0.96% |
| 2095 | 0.54% | 0.97% |
| 2094 | 0.55% | 1% |
| 2093 | 0.59% | 1.02% |
| 2092 | 0.61% | 1.05% |
| 2091 | 0.65% | 1.06% |
| 2090 | 0.64% | 1.08% |
| 2089 | 0.69% | 1.11% |
| 2088 | 0.72% | 1.13% |
| 2087 | 0.77% | 1.16% |
| 2086 | 0.77% | 1.18% |
| 2085 | 0.81% | 1.19% |
| 2084 | 0.85% | 1.21% |
| 2083 | 0.88% | 1.23% |
| 2082 | 0.89% | 1.25% |
| 2081 | 0.93% | 1.28% |
| 2080 | 0.92% | 1.31% |
| 2079 | 0.98% | 1.33% |
| 2078 | 1.04% | 1.35% |
| 2077 | 1.07% | 1.38% |
| 2076 | 1.1% | 1.4% |
| 2075 | 1.09% | 1.43% |
| 2074 | 1.16% | 1.45% |
| 2073 | 1.17% | 1.47% |
| 2072 | 1.24% | 1.5% |
| 2071 | 1.3% | 1.53% |
| 2070 | 1.32% | 1.55% |
| 2069 | 1.35% | 1.57% |
| 2068 | 1.41% | 1.6% |
| 2067 | 1.43% | 1.62% |
| 2066 | 1.46% | 1.68% |
| 2065 | 1.49% | 1.69% |
| 2064 | 1.57% | 1.71% |
| 2063 | 1.59% | 1.74% |
| 2062 | 1.62% | 1.76% |
| 2061 | 1.68% | 1.78% |
| 2060 | 1.72% | 1.81% |
| 2059 | 1.77% | 1.84% |
| 2058 | 1.81% | 1.87% |
| 2057 | 1.85% | 1.92% |
| 2056 | 1.89% | 1.94% |
| 2055 | 1.93% | 1.95% |
| 2054 | 1.97% | 1.97% |
| 2053 | 2% | 2% |
| 2052 | 2.02% | 2.03% |
| 2051 | 2.08% | 2.07% |
| 2050 | 2.08% | 2.09% |
| 2049 | 2.13% | 2.14% |
| 2048 | 2.14% | 2.18% |
| 2047 | 2.19% | 2.21% |
| 2046 | 2.22% | 2.23% |
| 2045 | 2.26% | 2.26% |
| 2044 | 2.27% | 2.28% |
| 2043 | 2.29% | 2.32% |
| 2042 | 2.34% | 2.34% |
| 2041 | 2.42% | 2.37% |
| 2040 | 2.51% | 2.41% |
| 2039 | 2.56% | 2.45% |
| 2038 | 2.6% | 2.47% |
| 2037 | 2.69% | 2.52% |
| 2036 | 2.77% | 2.54% |
| 2035 | 2.89% | 2.59% |
| 2034 | 2.95% | 2.59% |
| 2033 | 3.02% | 2.63% |
| 2032 | 3.1% | 2.68% |
| 2031 | 3.14% | 2.7% |
| 2030 | 3.19% | 2.74% |
| 2029 | 3.3% | 2.75% |
| 2028 | 3.3% | 2.79% |
| 2027 | 3.34% | 2.83% |
| 2026 | 3.4% | 2.89% |
| 2025 | 3.43% | 2.9% |
| 2024 | 3.46% | 2.92% |
| 2023 | 1.07% | 2.95% |
| 2022 | -0.28% | 2.99% |
| 2021 | 1.7% | 3.05% |
| 2020 | 1.66% | 3.04% |
| 2019 | 1.35% | 3.03% |
| 2018 | 1.78% | 3.21% |
| 2017 | 1.69% | 3.4% |
| 2016 | 1.82% | 3.47% |
| 2015 | 0.13% | 3.32% |
| 2014 | -0.41% | 3.13% |
| 2013 | 0.68% | 3.06% |
| 2012 | 1% | 2.92% |
| 2011 | 1.6% | 2.84% |
| 2010 | -0.8% | 2.58% |
| 2009 | -0.66% | 2.5% |
| 2008 | 2.16% | 2.74% |
| 2007 | 1.95% | 2.83% |
| 2006 | 2.07% | 2.84% |
| 2005 | 2.29% | 2.81% |
| 2004 | 2.19% | 2.75% |
| 2003 | 2.42% | 2.68% |
| 2002 | 2.21% | 2.62% |
| 2001 | 2.25% | 2.74% |
| 2000 | 2.79% | 2.88% |
| 1999 | 2.77% | 2.71% |
| 1998 | 2.75% | 2.67% |
| 1997 | 2.79% | 2.04% |
| 1996 | 2.63% | 1.85% |
| 1995 | 2.77% | 3.2% |
| 1994 | 3.17% | 3.92% |
| 1993 | 3.24% | 3.19% |
| 1992 | 3.23% | 2.53% |
| 1991 | 3.18% | 2.57% |
| 1990 | 3.16% | 2.64% |
| 1989 | 2.58% | 2.7% |
| 1988 | 1.68% | 3.08% |
| 1987 | 1.32% | 3.32% |
| 1986 | 1.28% | 3.37% |
| 1985 | 1.26% | 3.32% |
| 1984 | 1.23% | 3.32% |
| 1983 | 1.2% | 3.34% |
| 1982 | 1.17% | 3.1% |
| 1981 | 1.14% | 3.1% |
| 1980 | 1.1% | 3.21% |
| 1979 | 1.08% | 3.42% |
| 1978 | 1.05% | 3.59% |
| 1977 | 1.04% | 3.68% |
| 1976 | 1.5% | 3.7% |
| 1975 | 1.96% | 3.71% |
| 1974 | 1.95% | 3.67% |
| 1973 | 1.93% | 3.67% |
| 1972 | 1.98% | 3.63% |
| 1971 | 2.1% | 3.55% |
| 1970 | 2.24% | 3.5% |
| 1969 | 2.31% | 3.45% |
| 1968 | 2.28% | 3.29% |
| 1967 | 2.21% | 3.15% |
| 1966 | 2.14% | 3.11% |
| 1965 | 2.08% | 3.08% |
| 1964 | 2.03% | 3.04% |
| 1963 | 1.98% | 2.97% |
| 1962 | 1.93% | 2.94% |
| 1961 | 1.89% | 2.89% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1961–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/central-african-republic/tanzania | CC BY
In 2025, the population of the Central African Republic grew by 3.43%, while Tanzania's population grew by 2.9%.
Live population counters
|
CAR
|
Tanzania
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
5798457
|
73639263
|
| Population rank | 117/197 | 20/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.07% | 0.89% |
| One net population change |
2.89 minutes
|
15.9 seconds
|
| One birth every |
2.13 minutes
|
13.2 seconds
|
| One death every |
10.5 minutes
|
1.34 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | +500 | +5,440 |
| Annual growth/decline | +182,592 | +1,985,708 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +3.43% | +2.9% |
| Population growth rate rank | 7/197 | 16/197 |
| One migration net change every |
35.9 minutes
|
41.4 minutes
|
| Annual migration change | -14,693 | -12,730 |
| Net migration rank | 143/196 | 139/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 94,556 | 462,371 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 132/195 | 83/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 1.8% | 0.7% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 135/195 | 167/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
CAR
|
Tanzania
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | -14,693 | - | -12,730 |
| 2024 | 196,244 | -15,357 | 1,993,730 | -29,865 |
| 2023 | 190,325 | -14,682 | 1,960,623 | -39,388 |
| 2022 | -49,456 | -17,430 | 1,927,960 | -37,557 |
| 2021 | 124,408 | -85,646 | 1,880,137 | -7,704 |
| 2020 | 156,911 | -24,745 | 1,861,377 | -18,587 |
| 2019 | 68,523 | -36,849 | 1,816,669 | -63,602 |
| 2018 | 153,361 | -52,954 | 1,777,852 | -55,444 |
| 2017 | 128,461 | -58,584 | 1,726,909 | 119,142 |
| 2016 | 142,419 | -52,607 | 1,659,502 | 152,194 |
| 2015 | 141,912 | -63,045 | 1,592,882 | 201,495 |
| 2014 | 107,448 | -174,051 | 1,565,630 | -21,083 |
| 2013 | 140,489 | -112,382 | 1,509,008 | 1,241 |
| 2012 | 146,791 | -111,764 | 1,439,325 | -49,875 |
| 2011 | 142,913 | -86,281 | 1,384,886 | -84,546 |
| 2010 | 130,539 | -43,126 | 1,363,477 | -122,020 |
| 2009 | -130,613 | -28,899 | 1,332,015 | -324,478 |
| 2008 | 128,627 | -28,983 | 1,303,728 | -184,816 |
| 2007 | 123,137 | -30,352 | 1,278,285 | -126,793 |
| 2006 | 118,882 | -41,282 | 1,257,927 | -128,231 |
| 2005 | 113,534 | -13,604 | 1,224,165 | -128,251 |
| 2004 | 108,548 | -16,510 | 1,175,379 | -126,490 |
| 2003 | 105,540 | -18,097 | 1,118,435 | -127,101 |
| 2002 | 100,588 | 5,992 | 1,063,195 | -118,047 |
| 2001 | 99,598 | -33,006 | 1,026,242 | -125,375 |
| 2000 | 97,468 | 8,079 | 985,185 | -9,701 |
| 1999 | 96,108 | 6,284 | 948,659 | -4,489 |
| 1998 | 94,361 | 4,479 | 920,806 | -105,184 |
| 1997 | 93,378 | 2,034 | 882,544 | -13,400 |
| 1996 | 93,369 | 2,697 | 868,524 | -473,007 |
| 1995 | 92,748 | -12,986 | 838,980 | -109,971 |
| 1994 | 90,943 | 9,496 | 803,953 | 349,348 |
| 1993 | 89,873 | 9,930 | 778,044 | 288,004 |
| 1992 | 88,939 | 9,269 | 767,961 | -83,825 |
| 1991 | 88,688 | 4,381 | 762,011 | -91,851 |
| 1990 | 87,507 | 1,995 | 750,825 | -80,529 |
| 1989 | 85,969 | 409 | 743,854 | -71,268 |
| 1988 | 84,654 | -31,016 | 736,551 | -71,012 |
| 1987 | 83,408 | -47,428 | 718,580 | 94,498 |
| 1986 | 81,149 | -47,332 | 705,677 | 24,101 |
| 1985 | 79,266 | -46,427 | 697,867 | 86,864 |
| 1984 | 77,395 | -45,591 | 687,435 | -26,938 |
| 1983 | 75,399 | -44,780 | 679,720 | 58,161 |
| 1982 | 73,330 | -43,908 | 662,627 | -37,883 |
| 1981 | 71,391 | -42,872 | 645,496 | -42,485 |
| 1980 | 68,759 | -41,539 | 629,444 | -42,588 |
| 1979 | 66,104 | -39,850 | 613,388 | -4,792 |
| 1978 | 63,285 | -37,874 | 595,024 | 27,307 |
| 1977 | 60,436 | -35,782 | 574,938 | 49,997 |
| 1976 | 57,725 | -33,645 | 553,617 | 54,875 |
| 1975 | 55,106 | -9,895 | 533,906 | 53,290 |
| 1974 | 53,777 | -9,838 | 515,152 | 51,127 |
| 1973 | 52,525 | -9,800 | 488,429 | 48,363 |
| 1972 | 51,390 | -9,634 | 467,305 | 57,489 |
| 1971 | 50,142 | -7,259 | 449,014 | 41,900 |
| 1970 | 48,690 | -3,693 | 427,988 | 38,635 |
| 1969 | 47,066 | -80 | 408,322 | 37,006 |
| 1968 | 45,377 | 474 | 389,467 | 34,455 |
| 1967 | 42,979 | 474 | 374,763 | 5,265 |
| 1966 | 40,804 | 474 | 360,229 | 5,049 |
| 1965 | 38,710 | 474 | 343,456 | 4,742 |
| 1964 | 36,878 | 474 | 328,527 | 9,090 |
| 1963 | 35,218 | 474 | 314,644 | 4,333 |
| 1962 | 33,731 | 474 | 300,663 | 3,916 |
| 1961 | 32,383 | 474 | 286,839 | 8,338 |
| 1960 | 31,131 | 474 | 275,814 | 1,946 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/central-african-republic/tanzania | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 74.8% of the population change in the Central African Republic is from natural causes (a gain of 1,253,108 people) and 25.2% is from migration (a loss of 421,899 people). In Tanzania 98.8% is from natural causes (a gain of 18,197,641 people) and 1.2% is from migration (a gain of 220,684 people).
As of 2024, 94,556 residents or 1.8% of the population were not native-born in the Central African Republic, compared to 462,371 people or 0.7% in Tanzania.
Biggest cities by population
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Population differences between the Central African Republic and Tanzania
|
CAR
|
Tanzania
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 58.2 years | 67.6 years |
| Average age | 19.8 years | 22.8 years |
| Median age | 15.5 years | 18.5 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 48.1:51.9 | 49.6:50.4 |
| Fertility rate | 5.95 births per woman | 4.54 births per woman |
| Population density | 23.7 ppl/mi² | 212.2 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/central-african-republic/tanzania | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
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