The latest officially reported population of Maldives was 529,676 in 2025 vs 341,784,857 people in the United States in 2025. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Maldives' population is 532,468 people compared to 344,434,632 in the United States.
Population statistics:
- The United States' population is 647 times bigger than Maldives'.
- Maldives is ranked the 168th most populous country in the world, while the United States is the 3rd.
- The countries together account for 4.15% of the world: 0.006% for Maldives vs 4.15% for the United States.
- For the last 10 years, Maldives has had an average growth rate of +2.28% per year vs +0.65% in the United States.
- Since 2006, the population of Maldives has increased from 314K people to 532K (69.7% growth), while the United States has grown from 298M to 344M (15.4% growth).
Maldives vs United States: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Maldives
|
United States
|
|
| 2100 | 476,472 | 415,429,771 |
| 2099 | 477,887 | 414,829,167 |
| 2098 | 479,384 | 414,231,720 |
| 2097 | 481,076 | 413,576,381 |
| 2096 | 482,932 | 412,927,393 |
| 2095 | 484,892 | 412,225,379 |
| 2094 | 487,026 | 411,498,749 |
| 2093 | 489,428 | 410,785,729 |
| 2092 | 492,103 | 410,051,921 |
| 2091 | 494,866 | 409,320,183 |
| 2090 | 498,019 | 408,613,732 |
| 2089 | 501,269 | 407,885,645 |
| 2088 | 504,943 | 407,129,733 |
| 2087 | 508,705 | 406,421,298 |
| 2086 | 512,717 | 405,715,343 |
| 2085 | 516,827 | 405,059,379 |
| 2084 | 521,029 | 404,343,130 |
| 2083 | 525,309 | 403,612,785 |
| 2082 | 529,594 | 402,871,293 |
| 2081 | 534,081 | 402,054,554 |
| 2080 | 538,531 | 401,319,194 |
| 2079 | 542,993 | 400,554,914 |
| 2078 | 547,515 | 399,737,968 |
| 2077 | 551,848 | 398,906,565 |
| 2076 | 555,977 | 398,035,750 |
| 2075 | 559,992 | 397,109,170 |
| 2074 | 563,823 | 396,226,412 |
| 2073 | 567,615 | 395,307,725 |
| 2072 | 571,139 | 394,393,561 |
| 2071 | 574,565 | 393,415,363 |
| 2070 | 577,779 | 392,469,727 |
| 2069 | 580,752 | 391,479,981 |
| 2068 | 583,540 | 390,517,695 |
| 2067 | 586,154 | 389,543,856 |
| 2066 | 588,472 | 388,597,719 |
| 2065 | 590,459 | 387,685,327 |
| 2064 | 592,304 | 386,805,026 |
| 2063 | 593,970 | 385,911,917 |
| 2062 | 595,364 | 385,032,627 |
| 2061 | 596,441 | 384,170,837 |
| 2060 | 597,010 | 383,361,269 |
| 2059 | 597,582 | 382,542,030 |
| 2058 | 597,833 | 381,704,804 |
| 2057 | 597,770 | 380,907,023 |
| 2056 | 597,319 | 380,159,777 |
| 2055 | 596,595 | 379,430,756 |
| 2054 | 595,791 | 378,682,851 |
| 2053 | 594,788 | 377,878,421 |
| 2052 | 593,417 | 377,073,303 |
| 2051 | 591,901 | 376,229,840 |
| 2050 | 590,081 | 375,373,155 |
| 2049 | 587,930 | 374,493,150 |
| 2048 | 585,552 | 373,590,762 |
| 2047 | 583,266 | 372,626,259 |
| 2046 | 580,802 | 371,644,809 |
| 2045 | 578,120 | 370,602,914 |
| 2044 | 575,506 | 369,518,897 |
| 2043 | 572,763 | 368,375,680 |
| 2042 | 569,981 | 367,158,772 |
| 2041 | 567,207 | 365,937,822 |
| 2040 | 564,359 | 364,671,837 |
| 2039 | 561,507 | 363,367,337 |
| 2038 | 558,901 | 361,997,023 |
| 2037 | 556,305 | 360,606,236 |
| 2036 | 553,800 | 359,193,245 |
| 2035 | 551,310 | 357,750,686 |
| 2034 | 548,914 | 356,266,726 |
| 2033 | 546,428 | 354,775,032 |
| 2032 | 544,034 | 353,259,037 |
| 2031 | 541,696 | 351,721,511 |
| 2030 | 539,519 | 350,155,042 |
| 2029 | 537,496 | 348,564,667 |
| 2028 | 535,357 | 346,906,294 |
| 2027 | 533,364 | 345,257,605 |
| 2026 | 531,523 | 343,565,426 |
| 2025 | 529,676 | 341,784,857 |
| 2024 | 527,799 | 340,110,988 |
| 2023 | 525,994 | 334,914,895 |
| 2022 | 524,106 | 333,271,411 |
| 2021 | 516,154 | 331,893,745 |
| 2020 | 502,118 | 331,526,933 |
| 2019 | 487,731 | 328,329,953 |
| 2018 | 473,099 | 326,838,199 |
| 2017 | 458,287 | 325,122,128 |
| 2016 | 443,308 | 323,071,755 |
| 2015 | 428,154 | 320,738,994 |
| 2014 | 413,617 | 318,386,329 |
| 2013 | 400,070 | 316,059,947 |
| 2012 | 386,818 | 313,877,662 |
| 2011 | 373,674 | 311,583,481 |
| 2010 | 360,792 | 309,327,143 |
| 2009 | 348,275 | 306,771,529 |
| 2008 | 336,170 | 304,093,966 |
| 2007 | 324,479 | 301,231,207 |
| 2006 | 313,851 | 298,379,912 |
| 2005 | 306,429 | 295,516,599 |
| 2004 | 301,413 | 292,805,298 |
| 2003 | 296,491 | 290,107,933 |
| 2002 | 291,616 | 287,625,193 |
| 2001 | 286,767 | 284,968,955 |
| 2000 | 282,019 | 282,162,411 |
| 1999 | 277,412 | 279,294,713 |
| 1998 | 272,723 | 276,115,288 |
| 1997 | 267,707 | 272,911,760 |
| 1996 | 262,347 | 269,667,391 |
| 1995 | 256,649 | 266,557,091 |
| 1994 | 250,822 | 263,435,673 |
| 1993 | 244,884 | 260,255,352 |
| 1992 | 238,543 | 256,894,189 |
| 1991 | 231,802 | 253,492,503 |
| 1990 | 224,762 | 250,131,894 |
| 1989 | 217,738 | 246,819,222 |
| 1988 | 210,885 | 244,499,004 |
| 1987 | 203,944 | 242,288,936 |
| 1986 | 196,935 | 240,132,831 |
| 1985 | 190,169 | 237,923,734 |
| 1984 | 184,198 | 235,824,908 |
| 1983 | 179,128 | 233,792,014 |
| 1982 | 174,333 | 231,664,432 |
| 1981 | 169,532 | 229,465,744 |
| 1980 | 164,835 | 226,542,250 |
| 1979 | 160,360 | 225,055,487 |
| 1978 | 156,159 | 222,584,545 |
| 1977 | 151,930 | 220,239,425 |
| 1976 | 147,525 | 218,035,164 |
| 1975 | 143,158 | 215,973,199 |
| 1974 | 138,978 | 213,853,928 |
| 1973 | 134,952 | 211,908,788 |
| 1972 | 130,968 | 209,896,021 |
| 1971 | 127,035 | 207,660,677 |
| 1970 | 123,219 | 205,052,174 |
| 1969 | 119,564 | 202,676,946 |
| 1968 | 116,075 | 200,706,052 |
| 1967 | 112,528 | 198,712,056 |
| 1966 | 108,507 | 196,560,338 |
| 1965 | 104,102 | 194,302,963 |
| 1964 | 100,662 | 191,888,791 |
| 1963 | 98,222 | 189,241,798 |
| 1962 | 95,802 | 186,537,737 |
| 1961 | 93,450 | 183,691,481 |
| 1960 | 91,189 | 180,671,158 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/maldives/united-states | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Maldives increased by 129,457 people (a 41.2% growth), while the United States gained 24,691,843 people (a 8.28% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Maldives gained 89,160 people (a 20.1% growth), while the United States' population increased by 21,362,877 people (a 6.61% growth).
Maldives was ranked 171st most populous country in 2006 and is 168th in 2026. The United States was ranked 3rd in 2006 and still ranked 3rd now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Maldives' population will grow by 10.8% to 590,081 people with a rank change from 168th to 166th. The population of the United States will increase by 8.98% to 375,373,155 people and will still be ranked 3rd.
Maldives is projected to reach its peak in 2058 at 598K people compared to the peak of 415M people in 2100 for the United States.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Maldives
|
United States
|
|
| 2100 | -0.3% | 0.14% |
| 2099 | -0.31% | 0.14% |
| 2098 | -0.35% | 0.16% |
| 2097 | -0.38% | 0.16% |
| 2096 | -0.4% | 0.17% |
| 2095 | -0.44% | 0.18% |
| 2094 | -0.49% | 0.17% |
| 2093 | -0.54% | 0.18% |
| 2092 | -0.56% | 0.18% |
| 2091 | -0.63% | 0.17% |
| 2090 | -0.65% | 0.18% |
| 2089 | -0.73% | 0.19% |
| 2088 | -0.74% | 0.17% |
| 2087 | -0.78% | 0.17% |
| 2086 | -0.8% | 0.16% |
| 2085 | -0.81% | 0.18% |
| 2084 | -0.81% | 0.18% |
| 2083 | -0.81% | 0.18% |
| 2082 | -0.84% | 0.2% |
| 2081 | -0.83% | 0.18% |
| 2080 | -0.82% | 0.19% |
| 2079 | -0.83% | 0.2% |
| 2078 | -0.79% | 0.21% |
| 2077 | -0.74% | 0.22% |
| 2076 | -0.72% | 0.23% |
| 2075 | -0.68% | 0.22% |
| 2074 | -0.67% | 0.23% |
| 2073 | -0.62% | 0.23% |
| 2072 | -0.6% | 0.25% |
| 2071 | -0.56% | 0.24% |
| 2070 | -0.51% | 0.25% |
| 2069 | -0.48% | 0.25% |
| 2068 | -0.45% | 0.25% |
| 2067 | -0.39% | 0.24% |
| 2066 | -0.34% | 0.24% |
| 2065 | -0.31% | 0.23% |
| 2064 | -0.28% | 0.23% |
| 2063 | -0.23% | 0.23% |
| 2062 | -0.18% | 0.22% |
| 2061 | -0.1% | 0.21% |
| 2060 | -0.1% | 0.21% |
| 2059 | -0.04% | 0.22% |
| 2058 | 0.01% | 0.21% |
| 2057 | 0.08% | 0.2% |
| 2056 | 0.12% | 0.19% |
| 2055 | 0.14% | 0.2% |
| 2054 | 0.17% | 0.21% |
| 2053 | 0.23% | 0.21% |
| 2052 | 0.26% | 0.22% |
| 2051 | 0.31% | 0.23% |
| 2050 | 0.37% | 0.23% |
| 2049 | 0.41% | 0.24% |
| 2048 | 0.39% | 0.26% |
| 2047 | 0.42% | 0.26% |
| 2046 | 0.46% | 0.28% |
| 2045 | 0.45% | 0.29% |
| 2044 | 0.48% | 0.31% |
| 2043 | 0.49% | 0.33% |
| 2042 | 0.49% | 0.33% |
| 2041 | 0.5% | 0.35% |
| 2040 | 0.51% | 0.36% |
| 2039 | 0.47% | 0.38% |
| 2038 | 0.47% | 0.39% |
| 2037 | 0.45% | 0.39% |
| 2036 | 0.45% | 0.4% |
| 2035 | 0.44% | 0.42% |
| 2034 | 0.46% | 0.42% |
| 2033 | 0.44% | 0.43% |
| 2032 | 0.43% | 0.44% |
| 2031 | 0.4% | 0.45% |
| 2030 | 0.38% | 0.46% |
| 2029 | 0.4% | 0.48% |
| 2028 | 0.37% | 0.48% |
| 2027 | 0.35% | 0.49% |
| 2026 | 0.35% | 0.52% |
| 2025 | 0.36% | 0.49% |
| 2024 | 0.34% | 1.55% |
| 2023 | 0.36% | 0.49% |
| 2022 | 1.54% | 0.42% |
| 2021 | 2.8% | 0.11% |
| 2020 | 2.95% | 0.97% |
| 2019 | 3.09% | 0.46% |
| 2018 | 3.23% | 0.53% |
| 2017 | 3.38% | 0.63% |
| 2016 | 3.54% | 0.73% |
| 2015 | 3.51% | 0.74% |
| 2014 | 3.39% | 0.74% |
| 2013 | 3.43% | 0.7% |
| 2012 | 3.52% | 0.74% |
| 2011 | 3.57% | 0.73% |
| 2010 | 3.59% | 0.83% |
| 2009 | 3.6% | 0.88% |
| 2008 | 3.6% | 0.95% |
| 2007 | 3.39% | 0.96% |
| 2006 | 2.42% | 0.97% |
| 2005 | 1.66% | 0.93% |
| 2004 | 1.66% | 0.93% |
| 2003 | 1.67% | 0.86% |
| 2002 | 1.69% | 0.93% |
| 2001 | 1.68% | 0.99% |
| 2000 | 1.66% | 1.03% |
| 1999 | 1.72% | 1.15% |
| 1998 | 1.87% | 1.17% |
| 1997 | 2.04% | 1.2% |
| 1996 | 2.22% | 1.17% |
| 1995 | 2.32% | 1.18% |
| 1994 | 2.42% | 1.22% |
| 1993 | 2.66% | 1.31% |
| 1992 | 2.91% | 1.34% |
| 1991 | 3.13% | 1.34% |
| 1990 | 3.23% | 1.34% |
| 1989 | 3.25% | 0.95% |
| 1988 | 3.4% | 0.91% |
| 1987 | 3.56% | 0.9% |
| 1986 | 3.56% | 0.93% |
| 1985 | 3.24% | 0.89% |
| 1984 | 2.83% | 0.87% |
| 1983 | 2.75% | 0.92% |
| 1982 | 2.83% | 0.96% |
| 1981 | 2.85% | 1.29% |
| 1980 | 2.79% | 0.66% |
| 1979 | 2.69% | 1.11% |
| 1978 | 2.78% | 1.06% |
| 1977 | 2.99% | 1.01% |
| 1976 | 3.05% | 0.95% |
| 1975 | 3.01% | 0.99% |
| 1974 | 2.98% | 0.92% |
| 1973 | 3.04% | 0.96% |
| 1972 | 3.1% | 1.08% |
| 1971 | 3.1% | 1.27% |
| 1970 | 3.06% | 1.17% |
| 1969 | 3.01% | 0.98% |
| 1968 | 3.15% | 1% |
| 1967 | 3.71% | 1.09% |
| 1966 | 4.23% | 1.16% |
| 1965 | 3.42% | 1.26% |
| 1964 | 2.48% | 1.4% |
| 1963 | 2.53% | 1.45% |
| 1962 | 2.52% | 1.55% |
| 1961 | 2.48% | 1.67% |
| 1960 | - | 1.6% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1961–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/maldives/united-states | CC BY
In 2025, the population of Maldives grew by 0.36%, while the United States' population grew by 0.49%.
Live population counters
|
Maldives
|
United States
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
532468
|
344434632
|
| Population rank | 168/197 | 3/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.006% | 4.15% |
| One net population change |
4.68 hours
|
18.9 seconds
|
| One birth every |
1.57 hours
|
8.75 seconds
|
| One death every |
7.02 hours
|
10.3 seconds
|
| Daily growth/decline | +5 | +4,586 |
| Annual growth/decline | +1,877 | +1,673,869 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +0.36% | +0.49% |
| Population growth rate rank | 142/197 | 128/197 |
| One migration net change every |
3.85 hours
|
25.7 seconds
|
| Annual migration change | -2,283 | +1,230,663 |
| Net migration rank | 101/196 | 2/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 75,099 | 52,375,047 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 141/195 | 1/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 14.2% | 15.2% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 48/195 | 41/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Maldives
|
United States
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | -2,283 | - | 1,230,663 |
| 2024 | 4,340 | -2,421 | 544,178 | 1,286,132 |
| 2023 | 4,566 | -2,877 | 502,372 | 1,322,668 |
| 2022 | 4,752 | -2,674 | 399,926 | 1,319,009 |
| 2021 | 4,426 | 9,412 | 199,137 | 674,787 |
| 2020 | 4,594 | 9,642 | 208,862 | 329,769 |
| 2019 | 4,886 | 9,648 | 887,476 | 1,774,500 |
| 2018 | 5,088 | 9,637 | 955,022 | 1,764,961 |
| 2017 | 5,342 | 9,555 | 1,028,037 | 1,864,738 |
| 2016 | 5,652 | 9,421 | 1,197,627 | 1,889,129 |
| 2015 | 5,914 | 9,324 | 1,270,126 | 1,722,127 |
| 2014 | 6,122 | 7,700 | 1,357,281 | 1,672,598 |
| 2013 | 6,307 | 6,963 | 1,322,711 | 1,663,885 |
| 2012 | 6,445 | 6,800 | 1,411,822 | 1,632,007 |
| 2011 | 6,429 | 6,611 | 1,441,697 | 1,624,033 |
| 2010 | 6,350 | 6,369 | 1,548,182 | 1,594,453 |
| 2009 | 6,227 | 6,093 | 1,717,920 | 1,387,306 |
| 2008 | 5,856 | 6,035 | 1,794,154 | 1,416,841 |
| 2007 | 5,324 | 6,160 | 1,897,757 | 1,371,353 |
| 2006 | 4,766 | 5,006 | 1,849,955 | 1,347,750 |
| 2005 | 4,493 | 578 | 1,684,445 | 1,369,224 |
| 2004 | 4,287 | 668 | 1,698,271 | 1,313,467 |
| 2003 | 4,316 | 578 | 1,653,615 | 1,331,376 |
| 2002 | 4,257 | 607 | 1,581,938 | 1,336,518 |
| 2001 | 4,271 | 560 | 1,595,826 | 1,312,455 |
| 2000 | 4,372 | 300 | 1,664,758 | 1,248,392 |
| 1999 | 4,601 | -62 | 1,564,050 | 1,156,311 |
| 1998 | 4,919 | -94 | 1,573,857 | 1,225,134 |
| 1997 | 5,267 | -60 | 1,501,014 | 1,116,922 |
| 1996 | 5,705 | -183 | 1,510,137 | 1,141,648 |
| 1995 | 6,177 | -302 | 1,546,031 | 1,173,016 |
| 1994 | 6,550 | -768 | 1,633,302 | 1,179,309 |
| 1993 | 6,842 | -749 | 1,717,685 | 1,228,478 |
| 1992 | 7,096 | -522 | 1,875,328 | 1,304,880 |
| 1991 | 7,295 | -378 | 1,926,543 | 1,202,426 |
| 1990 | 7,444 | -271 | 2,026,068 | 1,084,720 |
| 1989 | 7,472 | -610 | 1,875,826 | 400,998 |
| 1988 | 7,414 | -564 | 1,735,943 | 460,778 |
| 1987 | 7,300 | -265 | 1,720,252 | 480,815 |
| 1986 | 7,153 | -175 | 1,656,917 | 493,082 |
| 1985 | 6,944 | -382 | 1,689,258 | 598,777 |
| 1984 | 6,680 | -1,300 | 1,627,192 | 622,793 |
| 1983 | 6,361 | -1,608 | 1,636,544 | 662,840 |
| 1982 | 6,058 | -1,220 | 1,714,317 | 600,149 |
| 1981 | 5,778 | -1,014 | 1,652,153 | 583,070 |
| 1980 | 5,526 | -903 | 1,608,450 | 595,916 |
| 1979 | 5,275 | -958 | 1,597,894 | 503,559 |
| 1978 | 4,812 | -716 | 1,402,283 | 556,521 |
| 1977 | 4,779 | -413 | 1,431,556 | 577,060 |
| 1976 | 4,538 | -101 | 1,264,604 | 635,590 |
| 1975 | 4,325 | -14 | 1,252,644 | 655,078 |
| 1974 | 4,136 | -78 | 1,218,968 | 706,978 |
| 1973 | 3,924 | 60 | 1,165,499 | 783,163 |
| 1972 | 3,707 | 269 | 1,301,355 | 833,543 |
| 1971 | 3,549 | 341 | 1,640,519 | 833,549 |
| 1970 | 3,415 | 330 | 1,824,965 | 744,902 |
| 1969 | 3,260 | 313 | 1,702,487 | 523,740 |
| 1968 | 3,150 | 255 | 1,565,507 | 594,514 |
| 1967 | 3,010 | 672 | 1,669,181 | 585,410 |
| 1966 | 2,845 | 1,511 | 1,749,387 | 637,692 |
| 1965 | 2,747 | 1,709 | 1,943,030 | 644,902 |
| 1964 | 2,660 | -227 | 2,245,099 | 618,635 |
| 1963 | 2,567 | -125 | 2,289,826 | 639,495 |
| 1962 | 2,475 | -80 | 2,406,337 | 625,617 |
| 1961 | 2,354 | -44 | 2,571,681 | 580,333 |
| 1960 | 2,241 | -32 | 2,565,530 | 422,708 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/maldives/united-states | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 45.8% of the population change in Maldives is from natural causes (a gain of 49,560 people) and 54.2% is from migration (a gain of 58,667 people). In the United States 34% is from natural causes (a gain of 7,192,763 people) and 66% is from migration (a gain of 13,947,820 people).
As of 2024, 75,099 residents or 14.2% of the population were not native-born in Maldives, compared to 52,375,047 people or 15.2% in the United States.
Biggest cities by population
|
Maldives
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Male | 133K |
| Hulhumale | 65.7K |
|
United States
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| New York | 8.8M |
| Los Angeles | 3.9M |
| Chicago | 2.75M |
| Houston | 2.3M |
| Phoenix | 1.61M |
| Philadelphia | 1.6M |
| San Antonio | 1.43M |
| San Diego | 1.39M |
| Dallas | 1.3M |
| San Jose | 1.01M |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between Maldives and the United States
|
Maldives
|
United States
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 81.7 years | 79.8 years |
| Average age | 33.3 years | 40.4 years |
| Median age | 33.6 years | 39.5 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 61.7:38.3 | 50.2:49.8 |
| Fertility rate | 1.56 births per woman | 1.63 births per woman |
| Population density | 4,620 ppl/mi² | 97.3 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/maldives/united-states | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
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