The latest officially reported population of Trinidad and Tobago was 1,367,764 in 2025 vs 38,980,376 people in Ukraine in 2025. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Trinidad and Tobago's population is 1,370,916 people compared to 40,408,451 in Ukraine.
Population statistics:
- Ukraine's population is 29.5 times bigger than Trinidad and Tobago's.
- Trinidad and Tobago is ranked the 154th most populous country in the world, while Ukraine is the 40th.
- The countries together account for 0.5% of the world: 0.02% for Trinidad and Tobago vs 0.49% for Ukraine.
- For the last 10 years, Trinidad and Tobago has had an average growth rate of +0.15% per year vs -1.44% in Ukraine.
- Since 2006, the population of Trinidad and Tobago has increased from 1.3M people to 1.37M (5.62% growth), while Ukraine has declined from 47.3M to 40.4M (14.5% decline).
Trinidad and Tobago vs Ukraine: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Trinidad
|
Ukraine
|
|
| 2100 | 817,597 | 15,603,179 |
| 2099 | 825,167 | 15,862,593 |
| 2098 | 832,755 | 16,125,815 |
| 2097 | 840,398 | 16,393,353 |
| 2096 | 848,105 | 16,664,587 |
| 2095 | 855,896 | 16,939,471 |
| 2094 | 863,688 | 17,219,443 |
| 2093 | 871,563 | 17,504,349 |
| 2092 | 879,479 | 17,793,601 |
| 2091 | 887,507 | 18,087,289 |
| 2090 | 895,594 | 18,386,570 |
| 2089 | 903,792 | 18,689,852 |
| 2088 | 912,036 | 18,998,014 |
| 2087 | 920,411 | 19,311,662 |
| 2086 | 928,916 | 19,630,012 |
| 2085 | 937,549 | 19,952,247 |
| 2084 | 946,328 | 20,280,817 |
| 2083 | 955,303 | 20,613,034 |
| 2082 | 964,428 | 20,949,887 |
| 2081 | 973,767 | 21,289,979 |
| 2080 | 983,215 | 21,633,931 |
| 2079 | 992,890 | 21,981,015 |
| 2078 | 1,002,707 | 22,331,415 |
| 2077 | 1,012,724 | 22,684,635 |
| 2076 | 1,022,846 | 23,041,181 |
| 2075 | 1,033,103 | 23,400,319 |
| 2074 | 1,043,451 | 23,762,428 |
| 2073 | 1,053,862 | 24,126,690 |
| 2072 | 1,064,397 | 24,491,363 |
| 2071 | 1,074,937 | 24,859,381 |
| 2070 | 1,085,508 | 25,229,957 |
| 2069 | 1,096,081 | 25,602,485 |
| 2068 | 1,106,619 | 25,976,390 |
| 2067 | 1,117,029 | 26,352,535 |
| 2066 | 1,127,377 | 26,730,314 |
| 2065 | 1,137,666 | 27,109,886 |
| 2064 | 1,147,820 | 27,491,024 |
| 2063 | 1,157,795 | 27,872,631 |
| 2062 | 1,167,602 | 28,254,738 |
| 2061 | 1,177,258 | 28,638,347 |
| 2060 | 1,186,727 | 29,021,488 |
| 2059 | 1,196,052 | 29,404,719 |
| 2058 | 1,205,157 | 29,788,559 |
| 2057 | 1,214,148 | 30,170,070 |
| 2056 | 1,222,923 | 30,548,973 |
| 2055 | 1,231,559 | 30,926,521 |
| 2054 | 1,240,041 | 31,299,425 |
| 2053 | 1,248,279 | 31,669,550 |
| 2052 | 1,256,354 | 32,035,413 |
| 2051 | 1,264,264 | 32,397,707 |
| 2050 | 1,271,946 | 32,754,538 |
| 2049 | 1,279,479 | 33,107,228 |
| 2048 | 1,286,792 | 33,451,994 |
| 2047 | 1,293,925 | 33,793,296 |
| 2046 | 1,300,799 | 34,131,561 |
| 2045 | 1,307,495 | 34,463,236 |
| 2044 | 1,313,930 | 34,790,682 |
| 2043 | 1,320,145 | 35,115,069 |
| 2042 | 1,326,058 | 35,437,607 |
| 2041 | 1,331,703 | 35,758,248 |
| 2040 | 1,337,031 | 36,075,749 |
| 2039 | 1,342,067 | 36,396,426 |
| 2038 | 1,346,734 | 36,714,126 |
| 2037 | 1,351,096 | 37,031,794 |
| 2036 | 1,355,110 | 37,345,665 |
| 2035 | 1,358,761 | 37,659,856 |
| 2034 | 1,362,044 | 37,972,332 |
| 2033 | 1,364,882 | 38,283,563 |
| 2032 | 1,367,356 | 38,592,696 |
| 2031 | 1,369,304 | 38,902,570 |
| 2030 | 1,370,777 | 39,210,256 |
| 2029 | 1,371,753 | 39,514,695 |
| 2028 | 1,372,048 | 39,816,523 |
| 2027 | 1,371,592 | 40,111,670 |
| 2026 | 1,370,204 | 40,408,451 |
| 2025 | 1,367,764 | 38,980,376 |
| 2024 | 1,368,333 | 37,860,221 |
| 2023 | 1,367,510 | 37,732,836 |
| 2022 | 1,365,805 | 41,048,766 |
| 2021 | 1,367,558 | 44,298,640 |
| 2020 | 1,366,725 | 44,680,014 |
| 2019 | 1,363,985 | 44,957,458 |
| 2018 | 1,359,193 | 45,208,907 |
| 2017 | 1,356,633 | 45,436,041 |
| 2016 | 1,353,895 | 45,616,832 |
| 2015 | 1,349,667 | 45,784,896 |
| 2014 | 1,345,343 | 45,972,380 |
| 2013 | 1,340,557 | 46,126,770 |
| 2012 | 1,335,194 | 46,210,056 |
| 2011 | 1,328,019 | 46,307,853 |
| 2010 | 1,317,714 | 46,456,003 |
| 2009 | 1,310,106 | 46,623,731 |
| 2008 | 1,308,587 | 46,819,175 |
| 2007 | 1,303,188 | 47,062,798 |
| 2006 | 1,297,944 | 47,278,694 |
| 2005 | 1,294,494 | 47,585,556 |
| 2004 | 1,345,380 | 47,979,507 |
| 2003 | 1,338,709 | 48,315,136 |
| 2002 | 1,332,011 | 48,677,281 |
| 2001 | 1,325,567 | 49,106,855 |
| 2000 | 1,319,774 | 49,556,660 |
| 1999 | 1,314,708 | 49,976,446 |
| 1998 | 1,310,225 | 50,379,731 |
| 1997 | 1,305,836 | 50,786,885 |
| 1996 | 1,300,928 | 51,226,109 |
| 1995 | 1,295,169 | 51,665,539 |
| 1994 | 1,288,341 | 52,075,998 |
| 1993 | 1,280,466 | 52,350,126 |
| 1992 | 1,271,674 | 52,323,671 |
| 1991 | 1,262,171 | 52,170,961 |
| 1990 | 1,252,208 | 52,054,092 |
| 1989 | 1,241,600 | 51,917,817 |
| 1988 | 1,230,069 | 51,724,853 |
| 1987 | 1,217,364 | 51,515,732 |
| 1986 | 1,203,124 | 51,318,745 |
| 1985 | 1,187,366 | 51,108,770 |
| 1984 | 1,172,984 | 50,887,599 |
| 1983 | 1,160,534 | 50,637,029 |
| 1982 | 1,147,927 | 50,402,724 |
| 1981 | 1,135,132 | 50,189,281 |
| 1980 | 1,121,744 | 49,955,152 |
| 1979 | 1,107,639 | 49,721,381 |
| 1978 | 1,093,380 | 49,521,243 |
| 1977 | 1,079,554 | 49,336,481 |
| 1976 | 1,066,311 | 49,120,842 |
| 1975 | 1,053,469 | 48,865,229 |
| 1974 | 1,040,761 | 48,576,570 |
| 1973 | 1,027,851 | 48,277,121 |
| 1972 | 1,014,921 | 47,946,893 |
| 1971 | 1,002,585 | 47,573,287 |
| 1970 | 991,471 | 47,261,306 |
| 1969 | 980,706 | 46,976,256 |
| 1968 | 969,006 | 46,614,325 |
| 1967 | 956,418 | 46,215,988 |
| 1966 | 942,937 | 45,802,519 |
| 1965 | 928,425 | 45,386,892 |
| 1964 | 912,963 | 44,951,156 |
| 1963 | 896,804 | 44,462,372 |
| 1962 | 880,194 | 43,943,674 |
| 1961 | 863,144 | 43,399,766 |
| 1960 | 844,943 | 42,824,093 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/trinidad-and-tobago/ukraine | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Trinidad and Tobago increased by 55,951 people (a 4.31% growth), while Ukraine lost 1,661,862 people (a 3.52% decline).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Trinidad and Tobago gained 17,021 people (a 1.26% growth), while Ukraine's population decreased by 5,208,381 people (a 11.4% decline).
Trinidad and Tobago was ranked 150th most populous country in 2006 and is 154th in 2026. Ukraine was ranked 27th in 2006 and ranked 40th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Trinidad and Tobago's population will shrink by 7.22% to 1,271,946 people with a rank change from 154th to 158th. The population of Ukraine will decrease by 18.9% to 32,754,538 people and rank change from 40th to 60th.
Trinidad and Tobago is projected to reach its peak in 2028 at 1.37M people, while Ukraine's population already peaked in 1993 at 52.4M people and is projected to decrease to 15.6M people by 2100.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Trinidad
|
Ukraine
|
|
| 2100 | -0.92% | -1.64% |
| 2099 | -0.91% | -1.63% |
| 2098 | -0.91% | -1.63% |
| 2097 | -0.91% | -1.63% |
| 2096 | -0.91% | -1.62% |
| 2095 | -0.9% | -1.63% |
| 2094 | -0.9% | -1.63% |
| 2093 | -0.9% | -1.63% |
| 2092 | -0.9% | -1.62% |
| 2091 | -0.9% | -1.63% |
| 2090 | -0.91% | -1.62% |
| 2089 | -0.9% | -1.62% |
| 2088 | -0.91% | -1.62% |
| 2087 | -0.92% | -1.62% |
| 2086 | -0.92% | -1.62% |
| 2085 | -0.93% | -1.62% |
| 2084 | -0.94% | -1.61% |
| 2083 | -0.95% | -1.61% |
| 2082 | -0.96% | -1.6% |
| 2081 | -0.96% | -1.59% |
| 2080 | -0.97% | -1.58% |
| 2079 | -0.98% | -1.57% |
| 2078 | -0.99% | -1.56% |
| 2077 | -0.99% | -1.55% |
| 2076 | -0.99% | -1.53% |
| 2075 | -0.99% | -1.52% |
| 2074 | -0.99% | -1.51% |
| 2073 | -0.99% | -1.49% |
| 2072 | -0.98% | -1.48% |
| 2071 | -0.97% | -1.47% |
| 2070 | -0.96% | -1.46% |
| 2069 | -0.95% | -1.44% |
| 2068 | -0.93% | -1.43% |
| 2067 | -0.92% | -1.41% |
| 2066 | -0.9% | -1.4% |
| 2065 | -0.88% | -1.39% |
| 2064 | -0.86% | -1.37% |
| 2063 | -0.84% | -1.35% |
| 2062 | -0.82% | -1.34% |
| 2061 | -0.8% | -1.32% |
| 2060 | -0.78% | -1.3% |
| 2059 | -0.76% | -1.29% |
| 2058 | -0.74% | -1.26% |
| 2057 | -0.72% | -1.24% |
| 2056 | -0.7% | -1.22% |
| 2055 | -0.68% | -1.19% |
| 2054 | -0.66% | -1.17% |
| 2053 | -0.64% | -1.14% |
| 2052 | -0.63% | -1.12% |
| 2051 | -0.6% | -1.09% |
| 2050 | -0.59% | -1.07% |
| 2049 | -0.57% | -1.03% |
| 2048 | -0.55% | -1.01% |
| 2047 | -0.53% | -0.99% |
| 2046 | -0.51% | -0.96% |
| 2045 | -0.49% | -0.94% |
| 2044 | -0.47% | -0.92% |
| 2043 | -0.45% | -0.91% |
| 2042 | -0.42% | -0.9% |
| 2041 | -0.4% | -0.88% |
| 2040 | -0.38% | -0.88% |
| 2039 | -0.35% | -0.87% |
| 2038 | -0.32% | -0.86% |
| 2037 | -0.3% | -0.84% |
| 2036 | -0.27% | -0.83% |
| 2035 | -0.24% | -0.82% |
| 2034 | -0.21% | -0.81% |
| 2033 | -0.18% | -0.8% |
| 2032 | -0.14% | -0.8% |
| 2031 | -0.11% | -0.78% |
| 2030 | -0.07% | -0.77% |
| 2029 | -0.02% | -0.76% |
| 2028 | 0.03% | -0.74% |
| 2027 | 0.1% | -0.73% |
| 2026 | 0.18% | 3.66% |
| 2025 | -0.04% | 2.96% |
| 2024 | 0.06% | 0.34% |
| 2023 | 0.12% | -8.08% |
| 2022 | -0.13% | -7.34% |
| 2021 | 0.06% | -0.85% |
| 2020 | 0.2% | -0.62% |
| 2019 | 0.35% | -0.56% |
| 2018 | 0.19% | -0.5% |
| 2017 | 0.2% | -0.4% |
| 2016 | 0.31% | -0.37% |
| 2015 | 0.32% | -0.41% |
| 2014 | 0.36% | -0.33% |
| 2013 | 0.4% | -0.18% |
| 2012 | 0.54% | -0.21% |
| 2011 | 0.78% | -0.32% |
| 2010 | 0.58% | -0.36% |
| 2009 | 0.12% | -0.42% |
| 2008 | 0.41% | -0.52% |
| 2007 | 0.4% | -0.46% |
| 2006 | 0.27% | -0.64% |
| 2005 | -3.78% | -0.82% |
| 2004 | 0.5% | -0.69% |
| 2003 | 0.5% | -0.74% |
| 2002 | 0.49% | -0.87% |
| 2001 | 0.44% | -0.91% |
| 2000 | 0.39% | -0.84% |
| 1999 | 0.34% | -0.8% |
| 1998 | 0.34% | -0.8% |
| 1997 | 0.38% | -0.86% |
| 1996 | 0.44% | -0.85% |
| 1995 | 0.53% | -0.79% |
| 1994 | 0.62% | -0.52% |
| 1993 | 0.69% | 0.05% |
| 1992 | 0.75% | 0.29% |
| 1991 | 0.8% | 0.22% |
| 1990 | 0.85% | 0.26% |
| 1989 | 0.94% | 0.37% |
| 1988 | 1.04% | 0.41% |
| 1987 | 1.18% | 0.38% |
| 1986 | 1.33% | 0.41% |
| 1985 | 1.23% | 0.43% |
| 1984 | 1.07% | 0.49% |
| 1983 | 1.1% | 0.46% |
| 1982 | 1.13% | 0.43% |
| 1981 | 1.19% | 0.47% |
| 1980 | 1.27% | 0.47% |
| 1979 | 1.3% | 0.4% |
| 1978 | 1.28% | 0.37% |
| 1977 | 1.24% | 0.44% |
| 1976 | 1.22% | 0.52% |
| 1975 | 1.22% | 0.59% |
| 1974 | 1.26% | 0.62% |
| 1973 | 1.27% | 0.69% |
| 1972 | 1.23% | 0.79% |
| 1971 | 1.12% | 0.66% |
| 1970 | 1.1% | 0.61% |
| 1969 | 1.21% | 0.78% |
| 1968 | 1.32% | 0.86% |
| 1967 | 1.43% | 0.9% |
| 1966 | 1.56% | 0.92% |
| 1965 | 1.69% | 0.97% |
| 1964 | 1.8% | 1.1% |
| 1963 | 1.89% | 1.18% |
| 1962 | 1.98% | 1.25% |
| 1961 | 2.15% | 1.34% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1961–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/trinidad-and-tobago/ukraine | CC BY
In 2025, the population of Trinidad and Tobago declined by 0.04%, while Ukraine's population grew by 2.96%.
Live population counters
|
Trinidad
|
Ukraine
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
1370916
|
40408451
|
| Population rank | 154/197 | 40/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.02% | 0.49% |
| One net population change |
15.4 hours
|
28.2 seconds
|
| One birth every |
36.4 minutes
|
2.54 minutes
|
| One death every |
44 minutes
|
1.02 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | -2 | +3,069 |
| Annual growth/decline | -569 | +1,120,155 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | -0.04% | +2.96% |
| Population growth rate rank | 160/197 | 13/197 |
| One migration net change every |
12.7 hours
|
18.6 seconds
|
| Annual migration change | +691 | +1,702,358 |
| Net migration rank | 67/196 | 1/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 113,478 | 5,064,173 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 128/195 | 14/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 7.5% | 13.4% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 78/195 | 51/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Trinidad
|
Ukraine
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | 691 | - | 1,702,358 |
| 2024 | 2,469 | 1,334 | -308,069 | 1,146,012 |
| 2023 | 3,200 | 2,126 | -283,185 | -299,961 |
| 2022 | 3,773 | 4,247 | -349,284 | -5,699,445 |
| 2021 | 2,091 | 5,749 | -449,941 | -1,129 |
| 2020 | 4,558 | 427 | -307,533 | -4,167 |
| 2019 | 5,647 | -19,251 | -236,296 | -6,908 |
| 2018 | 5,869 | 35,502 | -227,491 | -32,220 |
| 2017 | 6,779 | 1,445 | -158,390 | -36,155 |
| 2016 | 7,436 | -86 | -135,710 | -31,340 |
| 2015 | 7,963 | -575 | -147,107 | -21,992 |
| 2014 | 8,571 | -799 | -140,216 | -65,678 |
| 2013 | 9,020 | -796 | -129,662 | 26,781 |
| 2012 | 9,376 | -880 | -130,451 | 66,768 |
| 2011 | 9,601 | -1,410 | -158,372 | 26,457 |
| 2010 | 9,698 | -2,230 | -180,388 | 16,030 |
| 2009 | 9,769 | -3,056 | -197,918 | 26,796 |
| 2008 | 9,872 | -3,624 | -229,086 | 9,312 |
| 2007 | 9,939 | -3,731 | -282,659 | 15,237 |
| 2006 | 9,889 | -3,684 | -300,787 | 136,442 |
| 2005 | 9,822 | -3,595 | -337,857 | -111,493 |
| 2004 | 10,149 | -3,504 | -344,157 | 5,644 |
| 2003 | 10,169 | -3,472 | -351,299 | 18,540 |
| 2002 | 10,316 | -3,613 | -364,544 | -26,991 |
| 2001 | 10,438 | -4,252 | -374,734 | -92,847 |
| 2000 | 10,588 | -5,185 | -364,143 | -67,865 |
| 1999 | 10,821 | -6,103 | -348,286 | -59,247 |
| 1998 | 10,964 | -6,730 | -318,299 | -80,684 |
| 1997 | 11,405 | -6,865 | -306,549 | -108,735 |
| 1996 | 12,101 | -6,827 | -305,154 | -158,008 |
| 1995 | 12,971 | -6,723 | -281,629 | -134,053 |
| 1994 | 14,032 | -6,615 | -238,820 | -166,380 |
| 1993 | 14,878 | -6,554 | -169,405 | 26,357 |
| 1992 | 15,910 | -6,650 | -95,857 | 291,788 |
| 1991 | 16,903 | -7,149 | -16,486 | 125,962 |
| 1990 | 18,052 | -7,878 | 48,463 | 75,760 |
| 1989 | 19,636 | -8,588 | 106,431 | 36,978 |
| 1988 | 21,028 | -9,023 | 162,002 | 75,637 |
| 1987 | 22,398 | -9,002 | 198,850 | -18,275 |
| 1986 | 23,705 | -8,620 | 225,751 | -12,369 |
| 1985 | 24,487 | -8,051 | 201,011 | 5,546 |
| 1984 | 24,738 | -12,413 | 222,430 | 13,340 |
| 1983 | 25,118 | -12,544 | 241,741 | 23,608 |
| 1982 | 25,181 | -12,529 | 194,101 | 9,096 |
| 1981 | 25,015 | -12,086 | 182,839 | 40,807 |
| 1980 | 24,557 | -10,709 | 197,223 | 47,406 |
| 1979 | 23,475 | -9,106 | 197,294 | 25,635 |
| 1978 | 22,538 | -8,397 | 206,554 | -29,180 |
| 1977 | 21,660 | -8,154 | 216,932 | -24,745 |
| 1976 | 20,875 | -7,895 | 247,323 | -8,219 |
| 1975 | 20,468 | -7,768 | 256,787 | 15,336 |
| 1974 | 20,412 | -7,683 | 273,486 | 31,725 |
| 1973 | 20,617 | -7,524 | 274,938 | 18,777 |
| 1972 | 20,116 | -7,346 | 309,785 | 56,928 |
| 1971 | 19,400 | -7,499 | 305,849 | 74,604 |
| 1970 | 19,074 | -8,751 | 291,839 | -48,335 |
| 1969 | 19,652 | -8,449 | 274,858 | 51,763 |
| 1968 | 20,849 | -8,647 | 295,162 | 102,096 |
| 1967 | 21,992 | -9,008 | 313,899 | 85,527 |
| 1966 | 23,228 | -9,254 | 337,794 | 89,737 |
| 1965 | 24,349 | -9,301 | 334,365 | 69,354 |
| 1964 | 25,065 | -9,193 | 391,120 | 76,650 |
| 1963 | 25,507 | -9,067 | 449,648 | 60,178 |
| 1962 | 25,763 | -8,982 | 481,887 | 45,712 |
| 1961 | 25,518 | -8,200 | 508,602 | 51,625 |
| 1960 | 24,766 | -5,671 | 538,812 | 52,281 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/trinidad-and-tobago/ukraine | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 61.7% of the population change in Trinidad and Tobago is from natural causes (a gain of 49,785 people) and 38.3% is from migration (a gain of 30,918 people). In Ukraine 34.3% is from natural causes (a loss of 2,603,006 people) and 65.7% is from migration (a loss of 4,987,305 people).
As of 2024, 113,478 residents or 7.5% of the population were not native-born in Trinidad and Tobago, compared to 5,064,173 people or 13.4% in Ukraine.
Biggest cities by population
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Population differences between Trinidad and Tobago and Ukraine
|
Trinidad
|
Ukraine
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 73.9 years | 75 years |
| Average age | 38.5 years | 42.9 years |
| Median age | 38.6 years | 42.9 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 49.4:50.6 | 46.5:53.5 |
| Fertility rate | 1.54 births per woman | 0.99 births per woman |
| Population density | 692 ppl/mi² | 180.6 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/trinidad-and-tobago/ukraine | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
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