The latest officially reported population of Benin was 14,814,460 in 2025 vs 2,249,515 people in Guinea-Bissau in 2025. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Benin's population is 15,358,725 people compared to 2,323,460 in Guinea-Bissau.
Population statistics:
- Benin's population is 6.61 times bigger than Guinea-Bissau's.
- Benin is ranked the 76th most populous country in the world, while Guinea-Bissau is the 146th.
- The countries together account for 0.21% of the world: 0.18% for Benin vs 0.03% for Guinea-Bissau.
- For the last 10 years, Benin has had an average growth rate of +2.72% per year vs +2.36% in Guinea-Bissau.
- Since 2006, the population of Benin has increased from 8.69M people to 15.4M (76.7% growth), while Guinea-Bissau has grown from 1.42M to 2.32M (64.2% growth).
Benin vs Guinea-Bissau: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Benin
|
Guinea-Bissau
|
|
| 2100 | 39,983,872 | 4,713,104 |
| 2099 | 39,812,782 | 4,706,098 |
| 2098 | 39,635,737 | 4,699,568 |
| 2097 | 39,458,425 | 4,691,855 |
| 2096 | 39,267,189 | 4,682,938 |
| 2095 | 39,069,668 | 4,674,608 |
| 2094 | 38,861,643 | 4,663,103 |
| 2093 | 38,654,312 | 4,651,788 |
| 2092 | 38,438,555 | 4,639,582 |
| 2091 | 38,219,341 | 4,628,423 |
| 2090 | 37,994,758 | 4,616,772 |
| 2089 | 37,758,164 | 4,604,837 |
| 2088 | 37,514,605 | 4,592,099 |
| 2087 | 37,263,867 | 4,578,407 |
| 2086 | 37,010,840 | 4,562,793 |
| 2085 | 36,747,949 | 4,547,020 |
| 2084 | 36,482,666 | 4,530,206 |
| 2083 | 36,206,559 | 4,514,557 |
| 2082 | 35,919,464 | 4,498,172 |
| 2081 | 35,632,837 | 4,481,590 |
| 2080 | 35,340,781 | 4,461,992 |
| 2079 | 35,042,368 | 4,440,836 |
| 2078 | 34,737,536 | 4,419,277 |
| 2077 | 34,426,961 | 4,395,599 |
| 2076 | 34,112,205 | 4,371,019 |
| 2075 | 33,795,633 | 4,343,934 |
| 2074 | 33,465,867 | 4,318,519 |
| 2073 | 33,130,654 | 4,290,772 |
| 2072 | 32,785,976 | 4,262,846 |
| 2071 | 32,441,087 | 4,234,576 |
| 2070 | 32,088,089 | 4,206,253 |
| 2069 | 31,731,457 | 4,176,501 |
| 2068 | 31,377,153 | 4,145,457 |
| 2067 | 31,019,975 | 4,114,243 |
| 2066 | 30,659,408 | 4,082,951 |
| 2065 | 30,291,447 | 4,048,502 |
| 2064 | 29,919,749 | 4,013,784 |
| 2063 | 29,549,126 | 3,978,328 |
| 2062 | 29,175,986 | 3,941,631 |
| 2061 | 28,802,803 | 3,904,197 |
| 2060 | 28,426,146 | 3,868,146 |
| 2059 | 28,046,395 | 3,829,277 |
| 2058 | 27,667,117 | 3,789,609 |
| 2057 | 27,283,017 | 3,750,140 |
| 2056 | 26,900,755 | 3,710,996 |
| 2055 | 26,509,320 | 3,670,229 |
| 2054 | 26,115,455 | 3,627,303 |
| 2053 | 25,724,306 | 3,586,333 |
| 2052 | 25,327,058 | 3,543,640 |
| 2051 | 24,928,787 | 3,498,845 |
| 2050 | 24,529,464 | 3,453,155 |
| 2049 | 24,128,830 | 3,405,764 |
| 2048 | 23,727,047 | 3,358,731 |
| 2047 | 23,325,128 | 3,310,142 |
| 2046 | 22,919,519 | 3,263,507 |
| 2045 | 22,510,298 | 3,214,677 |
| 2044 | 22,107,673 | 3,167,400 |
| 2043 | 21,702,786 | 3,120,097 |
| 2042 | 21,296,676 | 3,072,862 |
| 2041 | 20,893,690 | 3,025,833 |
| 2040 | 20,492,059 | 2,978,159 |
| 2039 | 20,092,542 | 2,929,364 |
| 2038 | 19,693,130 | 2,881,007 |
| 2037 | 19,301,544 | 2,832,794 |
| 2036 | 18,910,879 | 2,783,401 |
| 2035 | 18,521,401 | 2,736,240 |
| 2034 | 18,136,190 | 2,688,290 |
| 2033 | 17,755,302 | 2,638,427 |
| 2032 | 17,378,392 | 2,588,961 |
| 2031 | 17,004,065 | 2,540,013 |
| 2030 | 16,635,301 | 2,491,987 |
| 2029 | 16,265,440 | 2,444,278 |
| 2028 | 15,899,231 | 2,396,253 |
| 2027 | 15,534,984 | 2,347,151 |
| 2026 | 15,172,565 | 2,298,439 |
| 2025 | 14,814,460 | 2,249,515 |
| 2024 | 14,462,724 | 2,201,352 |
| 2023 | 14,111,034 | 2,153,339 |
| 2022 | 13,759,501 | 2,105,529 |
| 2021 | 13,413,417 | 2,058,841 |
| 2020 | 13,070,169 | 2,013,255 |
| 2019 | 12,726,755 | 1,967,696 |
| 2018 | 12,383,347 | 1,922,168 |
| 2017 | 12,039,780 | 1,877,072 |
| 2016 | 11,697,842 | 1,831,893 |
| 2015 | 11,360,681 | 1,786,457 |
| 2014 | 11,030,004 | 1,741,122 |
| 2013 | 10,708,834 | 1,695,973 |
| 2012 | 10,397,657 | 1,651,417 |
| 2011 | 10,093,623 | 1,608,076 |
| 2010 | 9,797,484 | 1,566,347 |
| 2009 | 9,509,423 | 1,526,377 |
| 2008 | 9,228,466 | 1,488,054 |
| 2007 | 8,953,969 | 1,450,986 |
| 2006 | 8,693,242 | 1,415,303 |
| 2005 | 8,426,144 | 1,381,585 |
| 2004 | 8,159,094 | 1,349,563 |
| 2003 | 7,913,070 | 1,318,806 |
| 2002 | 7,675,426 | 1,289,307 |
| 2001 | 7,445,596 | 1,261,273 |
| 2000 | 7,221,619 | 1,234,741 |
| 1999 | 7,002,818 | 1,210,206 |
| 1998 | 6,789,489 | 1,187,473 |
| 1997 | 6,583,365 | 1,165,545 |
| 1996 | 6,391,858 | 1,143,535 |
| 1995 | 6,226,773 | 1,119,949 |
| 1994 | 6,096,506 | 1,092,031 |
| 1993 | 5,872,706 | 1,058,745 |
| 1992 | 5,617,844 | 1,024,356 |
| 1991 | 5,446,932 | 994,639 |
| 1990 | 5,281,479 | 973,669 |
| 1989 | 5,121,657 | 957,789 |
| 1988 | 4,967,341 | 942,061 |
| 1987 | 4,818,486 | 926,862 |
| 1986 | 4,675,420 | 912,126 |
| 1985 | 4,538,012 | 897,697 |
| 1984 | 4,405,895 | 883,519 |
| 1983 | 4,278,978 | 869,592 |
| 1982 | 4,156,596 | 855,891 |
| 1981 | 4,038,307 | 842,432 |
| 1980 | 3,925,251 | 829,303 |
| 1979 | 3,818,528 | 819,867 |
| 1978 | 3,718,305 | 791,694 |
| 1977 | 3,623,202 | 741,789 |
| 1976 | 3,532,196 | 694,191 |
| 1975 | 3,445,407 | 650,966 |
| 1974 | 3,362,633 | 613,338 |
| 1973 | 3,283,496 | 592,808 |
| 1972 | 3,207,543 | 586,620 |
| 1971 | 3,134,767 | 586,221 |
| 1970 | 3,065,057 | 584,403 |
| 1969 | 2,998,222 | 581,610 |
| 1968 | 2,934,257 | 578,170 |
| 1967 | 2,872,997 | 569,011 |
| 1966 | 2,814,317 | 566,908 |
| 1965 | 2,757,936 | 575,005 |
| 1964 | 2,704,003 | 588,543 |
| 1963 | 2,652,908 | 594,418 |
| 1962 | 2,604,659 | 589,474 |
| 1961 | 2,559,223 | 582,532 |
| 1960 | 2,517,286 | 577,633 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/benin/guinea-bissau | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Benin increased by 3,004,600 people (a 34.6% growth), while Guinea-Bissau gained 416,590 people (a 29.4% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Benin gained 3,660,883 people (a 31.3% growth), while Guinea-Bissau's population increased by 491,567 people (a 26.8% growth).
Benin was ranked 89th most populous country in 2006 and is 76th in 2026. Guinea-Bissau was ranked 148th in 2006 and ranked 146th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Benin's population will grow by 59.7% to 24,529,464 people with a rank change from 76th to 68th. The population of Guinea-Bissau will increase by 48.6% to 3,453,155 people and rank change from 146th to 136th.
Benin is projected to reach its peak in 2100 at 40M people compared to the peak of 4.71M people in 2100 for Guinea-Bissau.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Benin
|
Guinea-Bissau
|
|
| 2100 | 0.43% | 0.15% |
| 2099 | 0.45% | 0.14% |
| 2098 | 0.45% | 0.16% |
| 2097 | 0.49% | 0.19% |
| 2096 | 0.51% | 0.18% |
| 2095 | 0.54% | 0.25% |
| 2094 | 0.54% | 0.24% |
| 2093 | 0.56% | 0.26% |
| 2092 | 0.57% | 0.24% |
| 2091 | 0.59% | 0.25% |
| 2090 | 0.63% | 0.26% |
| 2089 | 0.65% | 0.28% |
| 2088 | 0.67% | 0.3% |
| 2087 | 0.68% | 0.34% |
| 2086 | 0.72% | 0.35% |
| 2085 | 0.73% | 0.37% |
| 2084 | 0.76% | 0.35% |
| 2083 | 0.8% | 0.36% |
| 2082 | 0.8% | 0.37% |
| 2081 | 0.83% | 0.44% |
| 2080 | 0.85% | 0.48% |
| 2079 | 0.88% | 0.49% |
| 2078 | 0.9% | 0.54% |
| 2077 | 0.92% | 0.56% |
| 2076 | 0.94% | 0.62% |
| 2075 | 0.99% | 0.59% |
| 2074 | 1.01% | 0.65% |
| 2073 | 1.05% | 0.66% |
| 2072 | 1.06% | 0.67% |
| 2071 | 1.1% | 0.67% |
| 2070 | 1.12% | 0.71% |
| 2069 | 1.13% | 0.75% |
| 2068 | 1.15% | 0.76% |
| 2067 | 1.18% | 0.77% |
| 2066 | 1.21% | 0.85% |
| 2065 | 1.24% | 0.86% |
| 2064 | 1.25% | 0.89% |
| 2063 | 1.28% | 0.93% |
| 2062 | 1.3% | 0.96% |
| 2061 | 1.33% | 0.93% |
| 2060 | 1.35% | 1.02% |
| 2059 | 1.37% | 1.05% |
| 2058 | 1.41% | 1.05% |
| 2057 | 1.42% | 1.05% |
| 2056 | 1.48% | 1.11% |
| 2055 | 1.51% | 1.18% |
| 2054 | 1.52% | 1.14% |
| 2053 | 1.57% | 1.2% |
| 2052 | 1.6% | 1.28% |
| 2051 | 1.63% | 1.32% |
| 2050 | 1.66% | 1.39% |
| 2049 | 1.69% | 1.4% |
| 2048 | 1.72% | 1.47% |
| 2047 | 1.77% | 1.43% |
| 2046 | 1.82% | 1.52% |
| 2045 | 1.82% | 1.49% |
| 2044 | 1.87% | 1.52% |
| 2043 | 1.91% | 1.54% |
| 2042 | 1.93% | 1.55% |
| 2041 | 1.96% | 1.6% |
| 2040 | 1.99% | 1.67% |
| 2039 | 2.03% | 1.68% |
| 2038 | 2.03% | 1.7% |
| 2037 | 2.07% | 1.77% |
| 2036 | 2.1% | 1.72% |
| 2035 | 2.12% | 1.78% |
| 2034 | 2.15% | 1.89% |
| 2033 | 2.17% | 1.91% |
| 2032 | 2.2% | 1.93% |
| 2031 | 2.22% | 1.93% |
| 2030 | 2.27% | 1.95% |
| 2029 | 2.3% | 2% |
| 2028 | 2.34% | 2.09% |
| 2027 | 2.39% | 2.12% |
| 2026 | 2.42% | 2.17% |
| 2025 | 2.43% | 2.19% |
| 2024 | 2.49% | 2.23% |
| 2023 | 2.55% | 2.27% |
| 2022 | 2.58% | 2.27% |
| 2021 | 2.63% | 2.26% |
| 2020 | 2.7% | 2.32% |
| 2019 | 2.77% | 2.37% |
| 2018 | 2.85% | 2.4% |
| 2017 | 2.92% | 2.47% |
| 2016 | 2.97% | 2.54% |
| 2015 | 3% | 2.6% |
| 2014 | 3% | 2.66% |
| 2013 | 2.99% | 2.7% |
| 2012 | 3.01% | 2.7% |
| 2011 | 3.02% | 2.66% |
| 2010 | 3.03% | 2.62% |
| 2009 | 3.04% | 2.58% |
| 2008 | 3.07% | 2.55% |
| 2007 | 3% | 2.52% |
| 2006 | 3.17% | 2.44% |
| 2005 | 3.27% | 2.37% |
| 2004 | 3.11% | 2.33% |
| 2003 | 3.1% | 2.29% |
| 2002 | 3.09% | 2.22% |
| 2001 | 3.1% | 2.15% |
| 2000 | 3.12% | 2.03% |
| 1999 | 3.14% | 1.91% |
| 1998 | 3.13% | 1.88% |
| 1997 | 3% | 1.92% |
| 1996 | 2.65% | 2.11% |
| 1995 | 2.14% | 2.56% |
| 1994 | 3.81% | 3.14% |
| 1993 | 4.54% | 3.36% |
| 1992 | 3.14% | 2.99% |
| 1991 | 3.13% | 2.15% |
| 1990 | 3.12% | 1.66% |
| 1989 | 3.11% | 1.67% |
| 1988 | 3.09% | 1.64% |
| 1987 | 3.06% | 1.62% |
| 1986 | 3.03% | 1.61% |
| 1985 | 3% | 1.6% |
| 1984 | 2.97% | 1.6% |
| 1983 | 2.94% | 1.6% |
| 1982 | 2.93% | 1.6% |
| 1981 | 2.88% | 1.58% |
| 1980 | 2.79% | 1.15% |
| 1979 | 2.7% | 3.56% |
| 1978 | 2.62% | 6.73% |
| 1977 | 2.58% | 6.86% |
| 1976 | 2.52% | 6.64% |
| 1975 | 2.46% | 6.13% |
| 1974 | 2.41% | 3.46% |
| 1973 | 2.37% | 1.05% |
| 1972 | 2.32% | 0.07% |
| 1971 | 2.27% | 0.31% |
| 1970 | 2.23% | 0.48% |
| 1969 | 2.18% | 0.59% |
| 1968 | 2.13% | 1.61% |
| 1967 | 2.09% | 0.37% |
| 1966 | 2.04% | -1.41% |
| 1965 | 1.99% | -2.3% |
| 1964 | 1.93% | -0.99% |
| 1963 | 1.85% | 0.84% |
| 1962 | 1.78% | 1.19% |
| 1961 | 1.67% | 0.85% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1961–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/benin/guinea-bissau | CC BY
In 2025, the population of Benin grew by 2.43%, while Guinea-Bissau's population grew by 2.19%.
Live population counters
|
Benin
|
Guinea-Bissau
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
15358725
|
2323460
|
| Population rank | 76/197 | 146/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.18% | 0.03% |
| One net population change |
1.5 minutes
|
10.9 minutes
|
| One birth every |
1.09 minutes
|
8.08 minutes
|
| One death every |
4.17 minutes
|
34.1 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | +964 | +132 |
| Annual growth/decline | +351,736 | +48,163 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +2.43% | +2.19% |
| Population growth rate rank | 27/197 | 41/197 |
| One migration net change every |
1.12 hours
|
6.4 hours
|
| Annual migration change | -7,847 | -1,373 |
| Net migration rank | 127/196 | 96/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 418,202 | 15,064 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 88/195 | 172/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 2.9% | 0.7% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 118/195 | 165/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Benin
|
Guinea-Bissau
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | -7,847 | - | -1,373 |
| 2024 | 357,359 | -7,725 | 49,642 | -1,712 |
| 2023 | 353,933 | -192 | 49,498 | -1,400 |
| 2022 | 349,518 | -192 | 48,920 | -1,400 |
| 2021 | 341,103 | 1,729 | 47,242 | -1,395 |
| 2020 | 341,929 | 1,729 | 46,718 | -1,394 |
| 2019 | 339,817 | 3,366 | 47,196 | -1,395 |
| 2018 | 340,270 | 3,372 | 46,659 | -1,396 |
| 2017 | 339,763 | 3,716 | 46,318 | -1,398 |
| 2016 | 336,559 | 3,837 | 46,814 | -1,392 |
| 2015 | 330,573 | 3,369 | 46,846 | -1,393 |
| 2014 | 323,753 | 3,667 | 46,615 | -1,393 |
| 2013 | 315,804 | -887 | 46,472 | -1,395 |
| 2012 | 306,180 | 1,260 | 45,480 | -1,442 |
| 2011 | 296,348 | 4,283 | 44,405 | -1,760 |
| 2010 | 287,703 | 3,947 | 43,067 | -2,257 |
| 2009 | 280,204 | 4,279 | 41,950 | -2,821 |
| 2008 | 274,242 | 3,198 | 40,841 | -3,313 |
| 2007 | 271,305 | 241 | 40,288 | -3,676 |
| 2006 | 265,040 | -15,135 | 38,886 | -4,142 |
| 2005 | 253,795 | 30,495 | 37,347 | -4,662 |
| 2004 | 245,630 | 4,173 | 36,495 | -5,144 |
| 2003 | 237,962 | 4,283 | 35,649 | -5,487 |
| 2002 | 229,472 | 3,572 | 34,561 | -5,712 |
| 2001 | 222,877 | 3,732 | 33,461 | -6,239 |
| 2000 | 218,013 | 3,335 | 32,816 | -6,971 |
| 1999 | 213,074 | 3,177 | 30,916 | -7,686 |
| 1998 | 208,342 | 2,051 | 30,390 | -8,163 |
| 1997 | 203,182 | -1,322 | 29,792 | -8,176 |
| 1996 | 197,643 | -16,490 | 29,778 | -7,369 |
| 1995 | 194,481 | -45,469 | 29,142 | -4,376 |
| 1994 | 196,637 | -85,128 | 27,895 | 3,174 |
| 1993 | 179,858 | 156,223 | 26,943 | 8,562 |
| 1992 | 173,794 | -138 | 25,747 | 7,531 |
| 1991 | 168,174 | 0 | 24,527 | 1,621 |
| 1990 | 163,055 | -333 | 23,936 | -8,151 |
| 1989 | 157,235 | -315 | 24,286 | -8,296 |
| 1988 | 153,580 | -1,867 | 23,940 | -8,473 |
| 1987 | 147,783 | -1,792 | 23,549 | -8,622 |
| 1986 | 142,039 | -1,899 | 23,301 | -8,748 |
| 1985 | 136,621 | -1,953 | 23,116 | -8,812 |
| 1984 | 131,590 | -2,018 | 22,861 | -8,812 |
| 1983 | 126,349 | -2,090 | 22,542 | -8,729 |
| 1982 | 122,748 | -2,253 | 22,131 | -8,539 |
| 1981 | 118,634 | -2,543 | 21,611 | -8,291 |
| 1980 | 112,969 | -2,946 | 21,024 | -8,086 |
| 1979 | 106,782 | -3,365 | 19,736 | -13,801 |
| 1978 | 100,762 | -3,731 | 17,468 | 32,936 |
| 1977 | 97,200 | -4,022 | 15,484 | 33,922 |
| 1976 | 93,141 | -4,308 | 13,688 | 32,113 |
| 1975 | 89,350 | -4,607 | 11,998 | 28,645 |
| 1974 | 85,623 | -4,814 | 10,321 | 24,290 |
| 1973 | 82,422 | -4,960 | 8,430 | -1,985 |
| 1972 | 79,415 | -4,970 | 7,911 | -1,985 |
| 1971 | 76,034 | -4,921 | 8,183 | -13,302 |
| 1970 | 73,156 | -4,851 | 7,632 | 1,123 |
| 1969 | 70,155 | -4,792 | 7,857 | -11,033 |
| 1968 | 67,327 | -4,756 | 7,289 | 2,769 |
| 1967 | 64,709 | -4,756 | 6,742 | 1,516 |
| 1966 | 62,169 | -4,764 | 6,955 | -11,006 |
| 1965 | 60,154 | -4,793 | 7,789 | -19,928 |
| 1964 | 57,352 | -4,839 | 8,989 | -23,936 |
| 1963 | 54,514 | -4,847 | 9,190 | -5,993 |
| 1962 | 51,664 | -4,844 | 10,662 | -3,960 |
| 1961 | 48,838 | -4,791 | 10,756 | -3,575 |
| 1960 | 44,564 | -4,722 | 10,618 | -8,007 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/benin/guinea-bissau | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 99.6% of the population change in Benin is from natural causes (a gain of 3,430,824 people) and 0.38% is from migration (a gain of 13,009 people). In Guinea-Bissau 97.1% is from natural causes (a gain of 475,853 people) and 2.91% is from migration (a loss of 14,275 people).
As of 2024, 418,202 residents or 2.9% of the population were not native-born in Benin, compared to 15,064 people or 0.7% in Guinea-Bissau.
Biggest cities by population
|
Benin
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Cotonou | 780K |
| Porto-Novo | 234K |
| Abomey | 90.2K |
| Save | 31.4K |
|
Guinea-Bissau
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Bissau | 492K |
| Bafata | 29.6K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between Benin and Guinea-Bissau
|
Benin
|
Guinea-Bissau
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 61.3 years | 64.6 years |
| Average age | 23.5 years | 24.4 years |
| Median age | 19.1 years | 20.4 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 50.2:49.8 | 49.4:50.6 |
| Fertility rate | 4.48 births per woman | 3.76 births per woman |
| Population density | 348 ppl/mi² | 211.7 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/benin/guinea-bissau | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
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