The latest officially reported population of Brazil was 211,998,573 in 2024 vs 14,754,785 people in Guinea in 2024. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Brazil's population is 213,824,938 people compared to 15,546,235 in Guinea.
Population statistics:
- Brazil's population is 13.8 times bigger than Guinea's.
- Brazil is ranked the 7th most populous country in the world, while Guinea is the 75th.
- The countries together account for 2.77% of the world: 2.58% for Brazil vs 0.19% for Guinea.
- For the last 10 years, Brazil has had an average growth rate of +0.6% per year vs +2.54% in Guinea.
- Since 2006, the population of Brazil has increased from 187M people to 214M (14.6% growth), while Guinea has grown from 9.44M to 15.5M (64.7% growth).
Brazil vs Guinea: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Brazil
|
Guinea
|
|
| 2100 | 164,294,719 | 32,376,229 |
| 2099 | 165,504,324 | 32,347,865 |
| 2098 | 166,724,540 | 32,314,004 |
| 2097 | 167,957,900 | 32,276,347 |
| 2096 | 169,198,878 | 32,235,495 |
| 2095 | 170,447,187 | 32,192,977 |
| 2094 | 171,702,406 | 32,140,512 |
| 2093 | 172,959,201 | 32,082,262 |
| 2092 | 174,226,209 | 32,016,043 |
| 2091 | 175,495,014 | 31,950,972 |
| 2090 | 176,771,657 | 31,877,383 |
| 2089 | 178,046,664 | 31,796,200 |
| 2088 | 179,329,069 | 31,706,914 |
| 2087 | 180,613,269 | 31,616,297 |
| 2086 | 181,900,405 | 31,513,784 |
| 2085 | 183,185,504 | 31,397,618 |
| 2084 | 184,470,859 | 31,278,121 |
| 2083 | 185,757,734 | 31,149,657 |
| 2082 | 187,047,504 | 31,018,417 |
| 2081 | 188,336,189 | 30,874,294 |
| 2080 | 189,617,504 | 30,732,838 |
| 2079 | 190,892,825 | 30,578,815 |
| 2078 | 192,160,856 | 30,422,788 |
| 2077 | 193,420,209 | 30,262,797 |
| 2076 | 194,668,253 | 30,093,594 |
| 2075 | 195,904,930 | 29,912,683 |
| 2074 | 197,131,520 | 29,730,771 |
| 2073 | 198,346,178 | 29,543,355 |
| 2072 | 199,541,890 | 29,350,201 |
| 2071 | 200,718,990 | 29,147,256 |
| 2070 | 201,872,528 | 28,940,409 |
| 2069 | 203,003,940 | 28,724,140 |
| 2068 | 204,112,753 | 28,502,451 |
| 2067 | 205,191,144 | 28,273,692 |
| 2066 | 206,245,316 | 28,038,741 |
| 2065 | 207,268,823 | 27,799,894 |
| 2064 | 208,258,342 | 27,554,829 |
| 2063 | 209,219,808 | 27,300,055 |
| 2062 | 210,147,571 | 27,040,837 |
| 2061 | 211,035,957 | 26,777,235 |
| 2060 | 211,887,727 | 26,512,111 |
| 2059 | 212,703,223 | 26,236,871 |
| 2058 | 213,475,371 | 25,952,601 |
| 2057 | 214,208,817 | 25,667,399 |
| 2056 | 214,897,416 | 25,375,302 |
| 2055 | 215,547,622 | 25,076,744 |
| 2054 | 216,155,836 | 24,776,691 |
| 2053 | 216,720,807 | 24,464,996 |
| 2052 | 217,240,244 | 24,154,455 |
| 2051 | 217,710,548 | 23,840,942 |
| 2050 | 218,139,994 | 23,524,366 |
| 2049 | 218,529,238 | 23,209,588 |
| 2048 | 218,862,226 | 22,891,820 |
| 2047 | 219,144,767 | 22,568,175 |
| 2046 | 219,374,582 | 22,241,327 |
| 2045 | 219,555,915 | 21,911,584 |
| 2044 | 219,680,790 | 21,583,213 |
| 2043 | 219,751,357 | 21,246,672 |
| 2042 | 219,767,446 | 20,909,610 |
| 2041 | 219,726,082 | 20,571,500 |
| 2040 | 219,627,035 | 20,229,061 |
| 2039 | 219,488,186 | 19,889,710 |
| 2038 | 219,300,758 | 19,552,134 |
| 2037 | 219,070,710 | 19,214,553 |
| 2036 | 218,795,673 | 18,874,400 |
| 2035 | 218,478,532 | 18,536,891 |
| 2034 | 218,116,666 | 18,203,307 |
| 2033 | 217,714,006 | 17,864,588 |
| 2032 | 217,266,965 | 17,522,696 |
| 2031 | 216,776,060 | 17,180,034 |
| 2030 | 216,239,032 | 16,833,632 |
| 2029 | 215,655,337 | 16,491,163 |
| 2028 | 215,029,016 | 16,145,186 |
| 2027 | 214,352,035 | 15,798,054 |
| 2026 | 213,629,498 | 15,452,864 |
| 2025 | 212,848,504 | 15,105,390 |
| 2024 | 211,998,573 | 14,754,785 |
| 2023 | 211,140,729 | 14,405,468 |
| 2022 | 210,306,415 | 14,055,137 |
| 2021 | 209,550,294 | 13,710,513 |
| 2020 | 208,660,842 | 13,371,183 |
| 2019 | 207,455,459 | 13,034,346 |
| 2018 | 206,107,261 | 12,704,774 |
| 2017 | 204,703,445 | 12,385,659 |
| 2016 | 203,218,114 | 12,073,030 |
| 2015 | 201,675,532 | 11,767,070 |
| 2014 | 200,085,127 | 11,472,924 |
| 2013 | 198,478,299 | 11,191,873 |
| 2012 | 196,876,111 | 10,921,581 |
| 2011 | 195,284,734 | 10,656,810 |
| 2010 | 193,701,929 | 10,396,086 |
| 2009 | 192,079,951 | 10,143,534 |
| 2008 | 190,367,302 | 9,898,870 |
| 2007 | 188,552,320 | 9,662,281 |
| 2006 | 186,653,106 | 9,441,171 |
| 2005 | 184,688,101 | 9,245,844 |
| 2004 | 182,675,143 | 9,062,726 |
| 2003 | 180,622,688 | 8,870,781 |
| 2002 | 178,503,484 | 8,674,066 |
| 2001 | 176,301,203 | 8,539,960 |
| 2000 | 174,018,282 | 8,428,832 |
| 1999 | 171,641,543 | 8,265,123 |
| 1998 | 169,159,655 | 8,081,990 |
| 1997 | 166,661,659 | 7,931,370 |
| 1996 | 164,202,549 | 7,770,035 |
| 1995 | 161,735,073 | 7,553,249 |
| 1994 | 159,265,006 | 7,345,107 |
| 1993 | 156,794,577 | 7,128,177 |
| 1992 | 154,275,079 | 6,914,366 |
| 1991 | 151,724,256 | 6,697,166 |
| 1990 | 149,143,223 | 6,434,374 |
| 1989 | 146,502,972 | 6,215,811 |
| 1988 | 143,826,357 | 6,056,574 |
| 1987 | 141,104,944 | 5,900,198 |
| 1986 | 138,336,370 | 5,750,668 |
| 1985 | 135,515,595 | 5,610,373 |
| 1984 | 132,658,864 | 5,480,096 |
| 1983 | 129,790,077 | 5,359,814 |
| 1982 | 126,923,155 | 5,247,672 |
| 1981 | 124,063,109 | 5,143,288 |
| 1980 | 121,207,461 | 5,047,419 |
| 1979 | 118,380,821 | 4,959,283 |
| 1978 | 115,600,942 | 4,877,854 |
| 1977 | 112,875,292 | 4,801,128 |
| 1976 | 110,213,349 | 4,727,022 |
| 1975 | 107,619,565 | 4,653,876 |
| 1974 | 105,089,675 | 4,580,510 |
| 1973 | 102,600,976 | 4,506,324 |
| 1972 | 100,146,797 | 4,431,292 |
| 1971 | 97,739,273 | 4,355,200 |
| 1970 | 95,375,651 | 4,277,535 |
| 1969 | 93,045,777 | 4,198,300 |
| 1968 | 90,741,240 | 4,118,550 |
| 1967 | 88,446,124 | 4,040,153 |
| 1966 | 86,139,359 | 3,964,155 |
| 1965 | 83,817,583 | 3,890,716 |
| 1964 | 81,488,595 | 3,819,722 |
| 1963 | 79,164,235 | 3,750,954 |
| 1962 | 76,865,323 | 3,684,273 |
| 1961 | 74,605,447 | 3,619,551 |
| 1960 | 72,388,126 | 3,556,749 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/brazil/guinea | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Brazil increased by 16,565,008 people (a 8.87% growth), while Guinea gained 2,631,859 people (a 27.9% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Brazil gained 10,606,824 people (a 5.22% growth), while Guinea's population increased by 3,473,205 people (a 28.8% growth).
Brazil was ranked 5th most populous country in 2006 and is 7th in 2026. Guinea was ranked 84th in 2006 and ranked 75th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Brazil's population will grow by 2.02% to 218,139,994 people with a rank change from 7th to 9th. The population of Guinea will increase by 51.3% to 23,524,366 people and rank change from 75th to 71st.
Brazil is projected to reach its peak in 2042 at 220M people compared to the peak of 32.4M people in 2100 for Guinea.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Brazil
|
Guinea
|
|
| 2100 | -0.73% | 0.09% |
| 2099 | -0.73% | 0.1% |
| 2098 | -0.73% | 0.12% |
| 2097 | -0.73% | 0.13% |
| 2096 | -0.73% | 0.13% |
| 2095 | -0.73% | 0.16% |
| 2094 | -0.73% | 0.18% |
| 2093 | -0.73% | 0.21% |
| 2092 | -0.72% | 0.2% |
| 2091 | -0.72% | 0.23% |
| 2090 | -0.72% | 0.26% |
| 2089 | -0.72% | 0.28% |
| 2088 | -0.71% | 0.29% |
| 2087 | -0.71% | 0.33% |
| 2086 | -0.7% | 0.37% |
| 2085 | -0.7% | 0.38% |
| 2084 | -0.69% | 0.41% |
| 2083 | -0.69% | 0.42% |
| 2082 | -0.68% | 0.47% |
| 2081 | -0.68% | 0.46% |
| 2080 | -0.67% | 0.5% |
| 2079 | -0.66% | 0.51% |
| 2078 | -0.65% | 0.53% |
| 2077 | -0.64% | 0.56% |
| 2076 | -0.63% | 0.6% |
| 2075 | -0.62% | 0.61% |
| 2074 | -0.61% | 0.63% |
| 2073 | -0.6% | 0.66% |
| 2072 | -0.59% | 0.7% |
| 2071 | -0.57% | 0.71% |
| 2070 | -0.56% | 0.75% |
| 2069 | -0.54% | 0.78% |
| 2068 | -0.53% | 0.81% |
| 2067 | -0.51% | 0.84% |
| 2066 | -0.49% | 0.86% |
| 2065 | -0.48% | 0.89% |
| 2064 | -0.46% | 0.93% |
| 2063 | -0.44% | 0.96% |
| 2062 | -0.42% | 0.98% |
| 2061 | -0.4% | 1% |
| 2060 | -0.38% | 1.05% |
| 2059 | -0.36% | 1.1% |
| 2058 | -0.34% | 1.11% |
| 2057 | -0.32% | 1.15% |
| 2056 | -0.3% | 1.19% |
| 2055 | -0.28% | 1.21% |
| 2054 | -0.26% | 1.27% |
| 2053 | -0.24% | 1.29% |
| 2052 | -0.22% | 1.32% |
| 2051 | -0.2% | 1.35% |
| 2050 | -0.18% | 1.36% |
| 2049 | -0.15% | 1.39% |
| 2048 | -0.13% | 1.43% |
| 2047 | -0.1% | 1.47% |
| 2046 | -0.08% | 1.5% |
| 2045 | -0.06% | 1.52% |
| 2044 | -0.03% | 1.58% |
| 2043 | -0.007% | 1.61% |
| 2042 | 0.02% | 1.64% |
| 2041 | 0.05% | 1.69% |
| 2040 | 0.06% | 1.71% |
| 2039 | 0.09% | 1.73% |
| 2038 | 0.11% | 1.76% |
| 2037 | 0.13% | 1.8% |
| 2036 | 0.15% | 1.82% |
| 2035 | 0.17% | 1.83% |
| 2034 | 0.18% | 1.9% |
| 2033 | 0.21% | 1.95% |
| 2032 | 0.23% | 1.99% |
| 2031 | 0.25% | 2.06% |
| 2030 | 0.27% | 2.08% |
| 2029 | 0.29% | 2.14% |
| 2028 | 0.32% | 2.2% |
| 2027 | 0.34% | 2.23% |
| 2026 | 0.37% | 2.3% |
| 2025 | 0.4% | 2.38% |
| 2024 | 0.41% | 2.42% |
| 2023 | 0.4% | 2.49% |
| 2022 | 0.36% | 2.51% |
| 2021 | 0.43% | 2.54% |
| 2020 | 0.58% | 2.58% |
| 2019 | 0.65% | 2.59% |
| 2018 | 0.69% | 2.58% |
| 2017 | 0.73% | 2.59% |
| 2016 | 0.76% | 2.6% |
| 2015 | 0.79% | 2.56% |
| 2014 | 0.81% | 2.51% |
| 2013 | 0.81% | 2.47% |
| 2012 | 0.81% | 2.48% |
| 2011 | 0.82% | 2.51% |
| 2010 | 0.84% | 2.49% |
| 2009 | 0.9% | 2.47% |
| 2008 | 0.96% | 2.45% |
| 2007 | 1.02% | 2.34% |
| 2006 | 1.06% | 2.11% |
| 2005 | 1.1% | 2.02% |
| 2004 | 1.14% | 2.16% |
| 2003 | 1.19% | 2.27% |
| 2002 | 1.25% | 1.57% |
| 2001 | 1.31% | 1.32% |
| 2000 | 1.38% | 1.98% |
| 1999 | 1.47% | 2.27% |
| 1998 | 1.5% | 1.9% |
| 1997 | 1.5% | 2.08% |
| 1996 | 1.53% | 2.87% |
| 1995 | 1.55% | 2.83% |
| 1994 | 1.58% | 3.04% |
| 1993 | 1.63% | 3.09% |
| 1992 | 1.68% | 3.24% |
| 1991 | 1.73% | 4.08% |
| 1990 | 1.8% | 3.52% |
| 1989 | 1.86% | 2.63% |
| 1988 | 1.93% | 2.65% |
| 1987 | 2% | 2.6% |
| 1986 | 2.08% | 2.5% |
| 1985 | 2.15% | 2.38% |
| 1984 | 2.21% | 2.24% |
| 1983 | 2.26% | 2.14% |
| 1982 | 2.31% | 2.03% |
| 1981 | 2.36% | 1.9% |
| 1980 | 2.39% | 1.78% |
| 1979 | 2.4% | 1.67% |
| 1978 | 2.41% | 1.6% |
| 1977 | 2.42% | 1.57% |
| 1976 | 2.41% | 1.57% |
| 1975 | 2.41% | 1.6% |
| 1974 | 2.43% | 1.65% |
| 1973 | 2.45% | 1.69% |
| 1972 | 2.46% | 1.75% |
| 1971 | 2.48% | 1.82% |
| 1970 | 2.5% | 1.89% |
| 1969 | 2.54% | 1.94% |
| 1968 | 2.59% | 1.94% |
| 1967 | 2.68% | 1.92% |
| 1966 | 2.77% | 1.89% |
| 1965 | 2.86% | 1.86% |
| 1964 | 2.94% | 1.83% |
| 1963 | 2.99% | 1.81% |
| 1962 | 3.03% | 1.79% |
| 1961 | 3.06% | 1.77% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1961–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/brazil/guinea | CC BY
In 2024, the population of Brazil grew by 0.41%, while Guinea's population grew by 2.42%.
Live population counters
|
Brazil
|
Guinea
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
213824938
|
15546235
|
| Population rank | 7/197 | 75/197 |
| Percent of world population | 2.58% | 0.19% |
| One net population change |
36.8 seconds
|
1.5 minutes
|
| One birth every |
12.1 seconds
|
1.08 minutes
|
| One death every |
21.1 seconds
|
4 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | +2,350 | +957 |
| Annual growth/decline | +857,844 | +349,317 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +0.41% | +2.42% |
| Population growth rate rank | 141/197 | 32/197 |
| One migration net change every |
2.43 minutes
|
32.4 minutes
|
| Annual migration change | -217,283 | -16,282 |
| Net migration rank | 186/196 | 147/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 1,406,299 | 117,416 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 48/195 | 125/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 0.7% | 0.8% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 163/195 | 159/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Brazil
|
Guinea
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | -217,283 | - | -16,282 |
| 2024 | - | -225,510 | - | -12,024 |
| 2023 | 1,107,434 | -240,059 | 356,147 | -3,997 |
| 2022 | 1,054,897 | -253,639 | 352,517 | -3,997 |
| 2021 | 919,507 | -208,581 | 345,121 | -4,373 |
| 2020 | 1,146,174 | -78,437 | 342,289 | -4,365 |
| 2019 | 1,472,104 | -129,216 | 338,984 | -3,240 |
| 2018 | 1,583,935 | -230,334 | 332,585 | -9,187 |
| 2017 | 1,610,402 | -156,296 | 328,542 | -13,718 |
| 2016 | 1,609,488 | -92,989 | 324,608 | -14,189 |
| 2015 | 1,742,275 | -173,611 | 316,604 | -15,117 |
| 2014 | 1,757,948 | -145,732 | 309,539 | -22,741 |
| 2013 | 1,758,716 | -157,228 | 304,430 | -29,136 |
| 2012 | 1,782,516 | -179,707 | 298,094 | -32,808 |
| 2011 | 1,815,758 | -235,860 | 293,318 | -29,069 |
| 2010 | 1,847,336 | -261,539 | 288,512 | -31,327 |
| 2009 | 1,878,542 | -220,207 | 281,920 | -34,007 |
| 2008 | 1,908,051 | -141,056 | 274,327 | -32,925 |
| 2007 | 1,970,372 | -107,481 | 266,070 | -34,311 |
| 2006 | 2,026,119 | -90,634 | 258,518 | -48,078 |
| 2005 | 2,083,281 | -88,868 | 251,209 | -71,015 |
| 2004 | 2,108,072 | -76,661 | 242,075 | -56,036 |
| 2003 | 2,128,819 | -55,350 | 234,774 | -36,934 |
| 2002 | 2,207,017 | -42,008 | 229,022 | -33,450 |
| 2001 | 2,291,210 | -51,600 | 227,642 | -155,020 |
| 2000 | 2,372,043 | -45,800 | 227,081 | -77,450 |
| 1999 | 2,450,869 | -23,497 | 223,968 | -46,183 |
| 1998 | 2,514,728 | 21,666 | 219,385 | -30,903 |
| 1997 | 2,531,758 | -72,392 | 220,373 | -107,614 |
| 1996 | 2,530,690 | -71,943 | 214,896 | -4,973 |
| 1995 | 2,546,195 | -69,963 | 205,644 | 18,021 |
| 1994 | 2,532,951 | -68,961 | 201,439 | -8,826 |
| 1993 | 2,545,874 | -69,070 | 195,612 | 45,616 |
| 1992 | 2,547,698 | 14,394 | 189,682 | -3,285 |
| 1991 | 2,606,167 | -66,600 | 181,299 | 66,718 |
| 1990 | 2,652,959 | -30,555 | 169,926 | 107,641 |
| 1989 | 2,717,923 | -60,023 | 164,707 | -5,150 |
| 1988 | 2,768,082 | -72,825 | 159,566 | -637 |
| 1987 | 2,825,485 | -77,800 | 154,178 | -350 |
| 1986 | 2,880,440 | -90,973 | 148,137 | -2,900 |
| 1985 | 2,912,908 | -60,879 | 142,313 | -6,965 |
| 1984 | 2,931,496 | -70,035 | 136,640 | -11,439 |
| 1983 | 2,952,335 | -76,322 | 130,629 | -15,265 |
| 1982 | 2,948,552 | -90,766 | 126,831 | -17,920 |
| 1981 | 2,928,262 | -65,971 | 121,223 | -21,367 |
| 1980 | 2,887,768 | -38,918 | 117,186 | -25,287 |
| 1979 | 2,836,759 | -32,503 | 113,141 | -28,770 |
| 1978 | 2,778,815 | -23,416 | 109,415 | -30,933 |
| 1977 | 2,715,328 | -19,478 | 105,990 | -31,004 |
| 1976 | 2,648,647 | -20,612 | 102,449 | -29,220 |
| 1975 | 2,585,130 | -25,499 | 99,267 | -26,221 |
| 1974 | 2,524,254 | -24,093 | 96,315 | -22,637 |
| 1973 | 2,501,309 | -24,071 | 93,764 | -19,065 |
| 1972 | 2,454,698 | -23,584 | 91,147 | -15,782 |
| 1971 | 2,407,319 | -23,421 | 88,358 | -11,543 |
| 1970 | 2,362,073 | -18,779 | 85,418 | -6,906 |
| 1969 | 2,324,190 | -7,763 | 82,799 | -2,844 |
| 1968 | 2,301,561 | -8,856 | 79,892 | -345 |
| 1967 | 2,307,560 | -10,033 | 77,251 | 0 |
| 1966 | 2,325,332 | -9,317 | 74,748 | 0 |
| 1965 | 2,336,415 | -8,824 | 72,134 | 0 |
| 1964 | 2,338,478 | -8,146 | 69,848 | 0 |
| 1963 | 2,326,400 | -8,136 | 67,690 | 0 |
| 1962 | 2,286,666 | -7,171 | 65,672 | 0 |
| 1961 | 2,240,178 | 75 | 63,766 | 0 |
| 1960 | 2,190,392 | 4,066 | 61,848 | 0 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/brazil/guinea | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 89.1% of the population change in Brazil is from natural causes (a gain of 14,004,164 people) and 10.9% is from migration (a loss of 1,708,894 people). In Guinea 97.2% is from natural causes (a gain of 3,346,936 people) and 2.76% is from migration (a loss of 94,924 people).
As of 2024, 1,406,299 residents or 0.7% of the population were not native-born in Brazil, compared to 117,416 people or 0.8% in Guinea.
Biggest cities by population
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Population differences between Brazil and Guinea
|
Brazil
|
Guinea
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 76.4 years | 61.2 years |
| Average age | 36.3 years | 23.4 years |
| Median age | 35.4 years | 19.2 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 49.2:50.8 | 49.5:50.5 |
| Fertility rate | 1.62 births per woman | 4.22 births per woman |
| Population density | 66.2 ppl/mi² | 162.9 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20).
GeoRank.org/population/brazil/guinea | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-02-08)
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