The latest officially reported population of Bangladesh was 175,686,899 in 2025 vs 796,682 people in Bhutan in 2025. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Bangladesh's population is 178,936,470 people compared to 805,057 in Bhutan.
Population statistics:
- Bangladesh's population is 222.3 times bigger than Bhutan's.
- Bangladesh is ranked the 8th most populous country in the world, while Bhutan is the 163rd.
- The countries together account for 2.16% of the world: 2.15% for Bangladesh vs 0.01% for Bhutan.
- For the last 10 years, Bangladesh has had an average growth rate of +0.97% per year vs +0.76% in Bhutan.
- Since 2006, the population of Bangladesh has increased from 146M people to 179M (22.2% growth), while Bhutan has grown from 671K to 805K (20% growth).
Bangladesh vs Bhutan: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Bangladesh
|
Bhutan
|
|
| 2100 | 210,401,264 | 695,373 |
| 2099 | 211,451,904 | 700,252 |
| 2098 | 212,482,204 | 704,725 |
| 2097 | 213,486,272 | 709,503 |
| 2096 | 214,465,968 | 714,205 |
| 2095 | 215,426,907 | 719,429 |
| 2094 | 216,370,356 | 724,680 |
| 2093 | 217,275,808 | 729,780 |
| 2092 | 218,153,712 | 735,358 |
| 2091 | 218,982,674 | 741,359 |
| 2090 | 219,784,878 | 747,224 |
| 2089 | 220,540,401 | 753,299 |
| 2088 | 221,259,520 | 759,229 |
| 2087 | 221,938,165 | 765,529 |
| 2086 | 222,588,012 | 771,180 |
| 2085 | 223,185,997 | 776,734 |
| 2084 | 223,744,949 | 782,193 |
| 2083 | 224,275,716 | 788,231 |
| 2082 | 224,766,094 | 793,848 |
| 2081 | 225,240,154 | 799,837 |
| 2080 | 225,667,518 | 805,584 |
| 2079 | 226,061,595 | 811,372 |
| 2078 | 226,391,523 | 816,844 |
| 2077 | 226,699,126 | 821,563 |
| 2076 | 226,957,140 | 826,295 |
| 2075 | 227,161,614 | 831,127 |
| 2074 | 227,317,797 | 836,339 |
| 2073 | 227,438,605 | 841,532 |
| 2072 | 227,505,726 | 846,187 |
| 2071 | 227,524,423 | 850,589 |
| 2070 | 227,497,506 | 854,258 |
| 2069 | 227,428,570 | 858,138 |
| 2068 | 227,305,014 | 861,658 |
| 2067 | 227,121,107 | 865,086 |
| 2066 | 226,880,763 | 868,594 |
| 2065 | 226,584,072 | 871,852 |
| 2064 | 226,238,210 | 874,071 |
| 2063 | 225,824,534 | 876,010 |
| 2062 | 225,352,036 | 878,276 |
| 2061 | 224,813,409 | 880,361 |
| 2060 | 224,219,163 | 882,252 |
| 2059 | 223,571,928 | 883,530 |
| 2058 | 222,858,175 | 884,855 |
| 2057 | 222,085,438 | 884,952 |
| 2056 | 221,276,251 | 886,162 |
| 2055 | 220,407,778 | 886,744 |
| 2054 | 219,514,298 | 886,243 |
| 2053 | 218,569,959 | 886,861 |
| 2052 | 217,587,835 | 886,981 |
| 2051 | 216,556,487 | 885,891 |
| 2050 | 215,492,158 | 884,875 |
| 2049 | 214,402,257 | 884,076 |
| 2048 | 213,277,451 | 882,979 |
| 2047 | 212,116,827 | 881,999 |
| 2046 | 210,921,144 | 880,375 |
| 2045 | 209,698,915 | 878,014 |
| 2044 | 208,449,015 | 875,491 |
| 2043 | 207,172,388 | 872,718 |
| 2042 | 205,861,265 | 869,582 |
| 2041 | 204,515,400 | 866,699 |
| 2040 | 203,145,429 | 863,505 |
| 2039 | 201,737,174 | 860,257 |
| 2038 | 200,264,237 | 856,758 |
| 2037 | 198,741,429 | 852,802 |
| 2036 | 197,150,036 | 848,448 |
| 2035 | 195,501,296 | 843,771 |
| 2034 | 193,791,174 | 840,103 |
| 2033 | 191,991,968 | 835,629 |
| 2032 | 190,143,732 | 830,792 |
| 2031 | 188,210,205 | 825,846 |
| 2030 | 186,214,224 | 821,204 |
| 2029 | 184,170,034 | 816,969 |
| 2028 | 182,089,419 | 812,314 |
| 2027 | 179,975,298 | 807,785 |
| 2026 | 177,839,282 | 802,177 |
| 2025 | 175,686,899 | 796,682 |
| 2024 | 173,562,364 | 791,524 |
| 2023 | 171,466,990 | 786,385 |
| 2022 | 169,384,897 | 780,914 |
| 2021 | 167,658,854 | 775,442 |
| 2020 | 166,298,024 | 770,006 |
| 2019 | 164,913,055 | 764,824 |
| 2018 | 163,523,103 | 759,759 |
| 2017 | 162,186,147 | 754,335 |
| 2016 | 160,811,932 | 747,866 |
| 2015 | 159,383,179 | 740,618 |
| 2014 | 157,964,929 | 733,139 |
| 2013 | 156,532,141 | 725,273 |
| 2012 | 155,070,101 | 717,279 |
| 2011 | 153,591,076 | 709,377 |
| 2010 | 152,201,981 | 701,632 |
| 2009 | 150,873,714 | 693,988 |
| 2008 | 149,474,264 | 686,351 |
| 2007 | 147,989,278 | 678,641 |
| 2006 | 146,405,973 | 670,799 |
| 2005 | 144,715,786 | 661,865 |
| 2004 | 142,902,856 | 650,544 |
| 2003 | 140,970,351 | 637,663 |
| 2002 | 138,933,658 | 624,409 |
| 2001 | 136,805,810 | 610,794 |
| 2000 | 134,544,304 | 596,863 |
| 1999 | 132,108,065 | 582,579 |
| 1998 | 129,622,332 | 569,435 |
| 1997 | 127,198,069 | 558,697 |
| 1996 | 124,862,179 | 548,784 |
| 1995 | 122,600,370 | 547,989 |
| 1994 | 120,343,179 | 554,497 |
| 1993 | 118,132,360 | 554,673 |
| 1992 | 115,952,192 | 577,774 |
| 1991 | 113,787,109 | 599,784 |
| 1990 | 111,633,717 | 589,287 |
| 1989 | 109,433,799 | 573,586 |
| 1988 | 107,216,008 | 556,986 |
| 1987 | 104,959,291 | 540,557 |
| 1986 | 102,635,572 | 524,324 |
| 1985 | 100,253,825 | 508,392 |
| 1984 | 97,814,966 | 492,784 |
| 1983 | 95,335,155 | 477,460 |
| 1982 | 92,814,507 | 462,485 |
| 1981 | 90,303,105 | 447,836 |
| 1980 | 88,016,432 | 433,404 |
| 1979 | 85,935,072 | 419,200 |
| 1978 | 83,889,655 | 405,243 |
| 1977 | 81,867,264 | 391,639 |
| 1976 | 79,855,318 | 378,490 |
| 1975 | 77,854,351 | 365,791 |
| 1974 | 75,839,348 | 353,538 |
| 1973 | 73,722,294 | 341,705 |
| 1972 | 71,641,519 | 330,264 |
| 1971 | 70,276,758 | 319,211 |
| 1970 | 69,058,894 | 308,528 |
| 1969 | 67,294,133 | 298,214 |
| 1968 | 65,408,276 | 288,311 |
| 1967 | 63,510,929 | 278,852 |
| 1966 | 61,669,806 | 269,820 |
| 1965 | 59,902,519 | 261,200 |
| 1964 | 58,178,374 | 252,987 |
| 1963 | 56,504,402 | 245,156 |
| 1962 | 54,881,146 | 237,636 |
| 1961 | 53,310,348 | 230,602 |
| 1960 | 51,828,660 | 224,084 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/bangladesh/bhutan | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Bangladesh increased by 14,405,959 people (a 9.84% growth), while Bhutan gained 77,067 people (a 11.5% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Bangladesh gained 18,124,538 people (a 11.3% growth), while Bhutan's population increased by 57,191 people (a 7.65% growth).
Bangladesh was ranked 8th most populous country in 2006 and is still 8th in 2026. Bhutan was ranked 161st in 2006 and ranked 163rd now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Bangladesh's population will grow by 20.4% to 215,492,158 people with a rank change from 8th to 10th. The population of Bhutan will increase by 9.91% to 884,875 people and will still be ranked 163rd.
Bangladesh is projected to reach its peak in 2071 at 228M people compared to the peak of 887K people in 2052 for Bhutan.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Bangladesh
|
Bhutan
|
|
| 2100 | -0.5% | -0.7% |
| 2099 | -0.48% | -0.63% |
| 2098 | -0.47% | -0.67% |
| 2097 | -0.46% | -0.66% |
| 2096 | -0.45% | -0.73% |
| 2095 | -0.44% | -0.72% |
| 2094 | -0.42% | -0.7% |
| 2093 | -0.4% | -0.76% |
| 2092 | -0.38% | -0.81% |
| 2091 | -0.36% | -0.78% |
| 2090 | -0.34% | -0.81% |
| 2089 | -0.33% | -0.78% |
| 2088 | -0.31% | -0.82% |
| 2087 | -0.29% | -0.73% |
| 2086 | -0.27% | -0.72% |
| 2085 | -0.25% | -0.7% |
| 2084 | -0.24% | -0.77% |
| 2083 | -0.22% | -0.71% |
| 2082 | -0.21% | -0.75% |
| 2081 | -0.19% | -0.71% |
| 2080 | -0.17% | -0.71% |
| 2079 | -0.15% | -0.67% |
| 2078 | -0.14% | -0.57% |
| 2077 | -0.11% | -0.57% |
| 2076 | -0.09% | -0.58% |
| 2075 | -0.07% | -0.62% |
| 2074 | -0.05% | -0.62% |
| 2073 | -0.03% | -0.55% |
| 2072 | -0.008% | -0.52% |
| 2071 | 0.01% | -0.43% |
| 2070 | 0.03% | -0.45% |
| 2069 | 0.05% | -0.41% |
| 2068 | 0.08% | -0.4% |
| 2067 | 0.11% | -0.4% |
| 2066 | 0.13% | -0.37% |
| 2065 | 0.15% | -0.25% |
| 2064 | 0.18% | -0.22% |
| 2063 | 0.21% | -0.26% |
| 2062 | 0.24% | -0.24% |
| 2061 | 0.27% | -0.21% |
| 2060 | 0.29% | -0.14% |
| 2059 | 0.32% | -0.15% |
| 2058 | 0.35% | -0.01% |
| 2057 | 0.37% | -0.14% |
| 2056 | 0.39% | -0.07% |
| 2055 | 0.41% | 0.06% |
| 2054 | 0.43% | -0.07% |
| 2053 | 0.45% | -0.01% |
| 2052 | 0.48% | 0.12% |
| 2051 | 0.49% | 0.11% |
| 2050 | 0.51% | 0.09% |
| 2049 | 0.53% | 0.12% |
| 2048 | 0.55% | 0.11% |
| 2047 | 0.57% | 0.18% |
| 2046 | 0.58% | 0.27% |
| 2045 | 0.6% | 0.29% |
| 2044 | 0.62% | 0.32% |
| 2043 | 0.64% | 0.36% |
| 2042 | 0.66% | 0.33% |
| 2041 | 0.67% | 0.37% |
| 2040 | 0.7% | 0.38% |
| 2039 | 0.74% | 0.41% |
| 2038 | 0.77% | 0.46% |
| 2037 | 0.81% | 0.51% |
| 2036 | 0.84% | 0.55% |
| 2035 | 0.88% | 0.44% |
| 2034 | 0.94% | 0.54% |
| 2033 | 0.97% | 0.58% |
| 2032 | 1.03% | 0.6% |
| 2031 | 1.07% | 0.57% |
| 2030 | 1.11% | 0.52% |
| 2029 | 1.14% | 0.57% |
| 2028 | 1.17% | 0.56% |
| 2027 | 1.2% | 0.7% |
| 2026 | 1.23% | 0.69% |
| 2025 | 1.22% | 0.65% |
| 2024 | 1.22% | 0.65% |
| 2023 | 1.23% | 0.7% |
| 2022 | 1.03% | 0.71% |
| 2021 | 0.82% | 0.71% |
| 2020 | 0.84% | 0.68% |
| 2019 | 0.85% | 0.67% |
| 2018 | 0.82% | 0.72% |
| 2017 | 0.85% | 0.86% |
| 2016 | 0.9% | 0.98% |
| 2015 | 0.9% | 1.02% |
| 2014 | 0.92% | 1.08% |
| 2013 | 0.94% | 1.11% |
| 2012 | 0.96% | 1.11% |
| 2011 | 0.91% | 1.1% |
| 2010 | 0.88% | 1.1% |
| 2009 | 0.94% | 1.11% |
| 2008 | 1% | 1.14% |
| 2007 | 1.08% | 1.17% |
| 2006 | 1.17% | 1.35% |
| 2005 | 1.27% | 1.74% |
| 2004 | 1.37% | 2.02% |
| 2003 | 1.47% | 2.12% |
| 2002 | 1.56% | 2.23% |
| 2001 | 1.68% | 2.33% |
| 2000 | 1.84% | 2.45% |
| 1999 | 1.92% | 2.31% |
| 1998 | 1.91% | 1.92% |
| 1997 | 1.87% | 1.81% |
| 1996 | 1.84% | 0.15% |
| 1995 | 1.88% | -1.17% |
| 1994 | 1.87% | -0.03% |
| 1993 | 1.88% | -4% |
| 1992 | 1.9% | -3.67% |
| 1991 | 1.93% | 1.78% |
| 1990 | 2.01% | 2.74% |
| 1989 | 2.07% | 2.98% |
| 1988 | 2.15% | 3.04% |
| 1987 | 2.26% | 3.1% |
| 1986 | 2.38% | 3.13% |
| 1985 | 2.49% | 3.17% |
| 1984 | 2.6% | 3.21% |
| 1983 | 2.72% | 3.24% |
| 1982 | 2.78% | 3.27% |
| 1981 | 2.6% | 3.33% |
| 1980 | 2.42% | 3.39% |
| 1979 | 2.44% | 3.44% |
| 1978 | 2.47% | 3.47% |
| 1977 | 2.52% | 3.47% |
| 1976 | 2.57% | 3.47% |
| 1975 | 2.66% | 3.47% |
| 1974 | 2.87% | 3.46% |
| 1973 | 2.9% | 3.46% |
| 1972 | 1.94% | 3.46% |
| 1971 | 1.76% | 3.46% |
| 1970 | 2.62% | 3.46% |
| 1969 | 2.88% | 3.43% |
| 1968 | 2.99% | 3.39% |
| 1967 | 2.99% | 3.35% |
| 1966 | 2.95% | 3.3% |
| 1965 | 2.96% | 3.25% |
| 1964 | 2.96% | 3.19% |
| 1963 | 2.96% | 3.16% |
| 1962 | 2.95% | 3.05% |
| 1961 | 2.86% | 2.91% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1961–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/bangladesh/bhutan | CC BY
In 2025, the population of Bangladesh grew by 1.22%, while Bhutan's population grew by 0.65%.
Live population counters
|
Bangladesh
|
Bhutan
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
178936470
|
805057
|
| Population rank | 8/197 | 163/197 |
| Percent of world population | 2.15% | 0.01% |
| One net population change |
14.9 seconds
|
1.7 hours
|
| One birth every |
9.09 seconds
|
53 minutes
|
| One death every |
35.6 seconds
|
1.83 hours
|
| Daily growth/decline | +5,821 | +14 |
| Annual growth/decline | +2,124,535 | +5,158 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +1.22% | +0.65% |
| Population growth rate rank | 84/197 | 120/197 |
| One migration net change every |
1.31 minutes
|
19.3 hours
|
| Annual migration change | -402,100 | +455 |
| Net migration rank | 194/196 | 69/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 2,906,338 | 55,705 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 24/195 | 146/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 1.7% | 7% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 139/195 | 80/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Bangladesh
|
Bhutan
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | -402,100 | - | 455 |
| 2024 | 2,583,129 | -473,362 | 5,113 | -277 |
| 2023 | 2,630,818 | -549,918 | 5,153 | 291 |
| 2022 | 2,633,258 | -549,990 | 5,204 | 291 |
| 2021 | 2,363,487 | -994,722 | 5,162 | 287 |
| 2020 | 2,355,279 | -1,002,522 | 5,142 | 287 |
| 2019 | 2,433,952 | -1,016,796 | 4,643 | 287 |
| 2018 | 2,391,853 | -1,029,069 | 4,909 | 287 |
| 2017 | 2,348,293 | -1,037,176 | 5,367 | 287 |
| 2016 | 2,356,056 | -918,770 | 6,164 | 1,116 |
| 2015 | 2,329,544 | -909,223 | 6,762 | 450 |
| 2014 | 2,305,499 | -889,222 | 7,290 | 452 |
| 2013 | 2,312,293 | -862,944 | 7,689 | 309 |
| 2012 | 2,304,652 | -829,875 | 7,967 | 20 |
| 2011 | 2,332,126 | -848,910 | 8,282 | -464 |
| 2010 | 2,408,597 | -1,113,727 | 8,598 | -922 |
| 2009 | 2,511,746 | -1,150,194 | 8,913 | -1,305 |
| 2008 | 2,595,770 | -1,158,420 | 9,200 | -1,538 |
| 2007 | 2,666,175 | -1,133,553 | 9,322 | -1,553 |
| 2006 | 2,725,786 | -1,091,865 | 9,197 | -1,283 |
| 2005 | 2,783,029 | -1,036,635 | 9,102 | 848 |
| 2004 | 2,849,626 | -970,264 | 9,056 | 3,642 |
| 2003 | 2,881,857 | -896,335 | 9,132 | 3,921 |
| 2002 | 2,907,604 | -819,909 | 9,464 | 3,996 |
| 2001 | 2,905,755 | -737,740 | 9,904 | 3,874 |
| 2000 | 2,867,543 | -512,422 | 10,142 | 3,940 |
| 1999 | 2,803,597 | -286,256 | 10,940 | 3,542 |
| 1998 | 2,740,993 | -286,966 | 11,320 | 486 |
| 1997 | 2,667,979 | -273,442 | 11,668 | -1,994 |
| 1996 | 2,531,581 | -254,239 | 12,153 | -1,998 |
| 1995 | 2,477,509 | -231,304 | 12,938 | -21,501 |
| 1994 | 2,475,098 | -206,958 | 13,536 | -17,997 |
| 1993 | 2,425,139 | -271,677 | 13,915 | -9,800 |
| 1992 | 2,453,664 | -246,914 | 15,594 | -65,900 |
| 1991 | 2,354,255 | -230,852 | 15,801 | -9,522 |
| 1990 | 2,587,558 | -404,105 | 15,704 | -1,000 |
| 1989 | 2,623,347 | -406,910 | 15,516 | 1,180 |
| 1988 | 2,614,570 | -395,408 | 15,212 | 1,286 |
| 1987 | 2,661,768 | -367,475 | 14,887 | 1,481 |
| 1986 | 2,685,152 | -331,992 | 14,516 | 1,586 |
| 1985 | 2,698,231 | -287,872 | 14,061 | 1,694 |
| 1984 | 2,713,094 | -245,693 | 13,688 | 1,779 |
| 1983 | 2,694,172 | -201,909 | 13,284 | 1,897 |
| 1982 | 2,705,822 | -156,729 | 12,872 | 1,897 |
| 1981 | 2,658,613 | -184,884 | 12,444 | 2,096 |
| 1980 | 2,615,497 | -515,918 | 12,016 | 2,307 |
| 1979 | 2,570,404 | -507,354 | 11,583 | 2,493 |
| 1978 | 2,514,509 | -486,721 | 11,133 | 2,700 |
| 1977 | 2,475,502 | -458,491 | 10,679 | 2,700 |
| 1976 | 2,431,754 | -424,970 | 10,228 | 2,700 |
| 1975 | 2,385,302 | -390,212 | 9,775 | 2,700 |
| 1974 | 2,312,418 | -277,545 | 9,324 | 2,700 |
| 1973 | 2,276,471 | -77,324 | 8,939 | 2,700 |
| 1972 | 2,231,204 | -269,033 | 8,549 | 2,700 |
| 1971 | 542,747 | 224,369 | 8,161 | 2,700 |
| 1970 | 1,742,287 | -73,719 | 7,791 | 2,700 |
| 1969 | 1,985,984 | -125,010 | 7,435 | 2,700 |
| 1968 | 1,918,686 | -7,970 | 7,085 | 2,593 |
| 1967 | 1,860,743 | 23,164 | 6,744 | 2,493 |
| 1966 | 1,794,530 | 3,758 | 6,418 | 2,407 |
| 1965 | 1,688,652 | 47,610 | 6,109 | 2,307 |
| 1964 | 1,686,591 | 25,426 | 5,818 | 2,196 |
| 1963 | 1,612,749 | 23,215 | 5,551 | 2,096 |
| 1962 | 1,584,035 | 26,533 | 5,297 | 2,096 |
| 1961 | 1,504,524 | 26,503 | 5,081 | 1,586 |
| 1960 | 1,418,810 | 13,580 | 4,888 | 1,481 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/bangladesh/bhutan | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 74.2% of the population change in Bangladesh is from natural causes (a gain of 24,425,669 people) and 25.8% is from migration (a loss of 8,481,548 people). In Bhutan 94.2% is from natural causes (a gain of 53,619 people) and 5.81% is from migration (a gain of 3,306 people).
As of 2024, 2,906,338 residents or 1.7% of the population were not native-born in Bangladesh, compared to 55,705 people or 7% in Bhutan.
Biggest cities by population
|
Bangladesh
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Dhaka | 16.8M |
| Chittagong | 3.23M |
| Narayanganj | 968K |
| Khulna | 929K |
| Sylhet | 480K |
| Rajshahi | 448K |
| Bogra | 401K |
| Barisal | 328K |
| Rangpur | 294K |
| Brahmanbaria | 268K |
|
Bhutan
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Thimphu | 115K |
| Paro | 2.36K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between Bangladesh and Bhutan
|
Bangladesh
|
Bhutan
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 75.5 years | 73.8 years |
| Average age | 30 years | 32.7 years |
| Median age | 27 years | 31.4 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 49.2:50.8 | 53.4:46.6 |
| Fertility rate | 2.14 births per woman | 1.45 births per woman |
| Population density | 3,544 ppl/mi² | 54.5 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/bangladesh/bhutan | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
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