The latest officially reported population of Bangladesh was 173,562,364 in 2024 vs 37,548 people in the Marshall Islands in 2024. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Bangladesh's population is 178,415,186 people compared to 35,058 in the Marshall Islands.
Population statistics:
- Bangladesh's population is 5,089 times bigger than the Marshall Islands'.
- Bangladesh is ranked the 8th most populous country in the world, while the Marshall Islands is the 192nd.
- The countries together account for 2.15% of the world: 2.15% for Bangladesh vs 0.0004% for the Marshall Islands.
- For the last 10 years, Bangladesh has had an average growth rate of +0.94% per year vs -2.69% in the Marshall Islands.
- Since 2006, the population of Bangladesh has increased from 146M people to 178M (21.9% growth), while the Marshall Islands has declined from 52K to 35.1K (32.6% decline).
Bangladesh vs Marshall Islands: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Bangladesh
|
Marshall Islands
|
|
| 2100 | 210,399,059 | 23,457 |
| 2099 | 211,449,688 | 23,536 |
| 2098 | 212,479,977 | 23,626 |
| 2097 | 213,484,035 | 23,720 |
| 2096 | 214,463,720 | 23,797 |
| 2095 | 215,424,649 | 23,879 |
| 2094 | 216,368,088 | 23,947 |
| 2093 | 217,273,531 | 24,022 |
| 2092 | 218,151,426 | 24,092 |
| 2091 | 218,980,379 | 24,150 |
| 2090 | 219,782,575 | 24,198 |
| 2089 | 220,538,090 | 24,253 |
| 2088 | 221,257,201 | 24,284 |
| 2087 | 221,935,839 | 24,314 |
| 2086 | 222,585,679 | 24,329 |
| 2085 | 223,183,658 | 24,347 |
| 2084 | 223,742,603 | 24,355 |
| 2083 | 224,273,365 | 24,343 |
| 2082 | 224,763,738 | 24,328 |
| 2081 | 225,237,793 | 24,317 |
| 2080 | 225,665,152 | 24,290 |
| 2079 | 226,059,226 | 24,269 |
| 2078 | 226,389,150 | 24,226 |
| 2077 | 226,696,749 | 24,185 |
| 2076 | 226,954,762 | 24,151 |
| 2075 | 227,159,233 | 24,096 |
| 2074 | 227,315,415 | 24,061 |
| 2073 | 227,436,221 | 24,013 |
| 2072 | 227,503,342 | 23,982 |
| 2071 | 227,522,038 | 23,943 |
| 2070 | 227,495,122 | 23,902 |
| 2069 | 227,426,186 | 23,869 |
| 2068 | 227,302,632 | 23,827 |
| 2067 | 227,118,726 | 23,808 |
| 2066 | 226,878,385 | 23,775 |
| 2065 | 226,581,697 | 23,774 |
| 2064 | 226,235,839 | 23,778 |
| 2063 | 225,822,167 | 23,791 |
| 2062 | 225,349,674 | 23,830 |
| 2061 | 224,811,052 | 23,881 |
| 2060 | 224,216,813 | 23,929 |
| 2059 | 223,569,585 | 23,993 |
| 2058 | 222,855,839 | 24,041 |
| 2057 | 222,083,110 | 24,118 |
| 2056 | 221,273,932 | 24,207 |
| 2055 | 220,405,468 | 24,318 |
| 2054 | 219,511,997 | 24,424 |
| 2053 | 218,567,668 | 24,515 |
| 2052 | 217,585,554 | 24,615 |
| 2051 | 216,554,217 | 24,727 |
| 2050 | 215,489,899 | 24,824 |
| 2049 | 214,400,010 | 24,948 |
| 2048 | 213,275,216 | 25,060 |
| 2047 | 212,114,603 | 25,169 |
| 2046 | 210,918,933 | 25,281 |
| 2045 | 209,696,717 | 25,407 |
| 2044 | 208,446,830 | 25,544 |
| 2043 | 207,170,217 | 25,701 |
| 2042 | 205,859,107 | 25,860 |
| 2041 | 204,513,256 | 26,047 |
| 2040 | 203,143,300 | 26,263 |
| 2039 | 201,735,060 | 26,507 |
| 2038 | 200,262,138 | 26,773 |
| 2037 | 198,739,346 | 27,104 |
| 2036 | 197,147,970 | 27,461 |
| 2035 | 195,499,247 | 27,889 |
| 2034 | 193,789,143 | 28,379 |
| 2033 | 191,989,956 | 28,934 |
| 2032 | 190,141,739 | 29,558 |
| 2031 | 188,208,233 | 30,266 |
| 2030 | 186,212,272 | 31,070 |
| 2029 | 184,168,103 | 31,960 |
| 2028 | 182,087,511 | 32,896 |
| 2027 | 179,973,411 | 33,927 |
| 2026 | 177,837,418 | 35,058 |
| 2025 | 175,685,057 | 36,301 |
| 2024 | 173,562,364 | 37,548 |
| 2023 | 171,466,990 | 38,827 |
| 2022 | 169,384,897 | 40,077 |
| 2021 | 167,658,854 | 41,367 |
| 2020 | 166,298,024 | 42,706 |
| 2019 | 164,913,055 | 44,007 |
| 2018 | 163,523,103 | 45,285 |
| 2017 | 162,186,147 | 46,529 |
| 2016 | 160,811,932 | 47,709 |
| 2015 | 159,383,179 | 48,800 |
| 2014 | 157,964,929 | 49,796 |
| 2013 | 156,532,141 | 50,681 |
| 2012 | 155,070,101 | 51,419 |
| 2011 | 153,591,076 | 51,907 |
| 2010 | 152,201,981 | 52,044 |
| 2009 | 150,873,714 | 52,019 |
| 2008 | 149,474,264 | 52,030 |
| 2007 | 147,989,278 | 52,035 |
| 2006 | 146,405,973 | 51,992 |
| 2005 | 144,715,786 | 51,906 |
| 2004 | 142,902,856 | 51,791 |
| 2003 | 140,970,351 | 51,639 |
| 2002 | 138,933,658 | 51,425 |
| 2001 | 136,805,810 | 51,123 |
| 2000 | 134,544,304 | 50,706 |
| 1999 | 132,108,065 | 50,202 |
| 1998 | 129,622,332 | 49,717 |
| 1997 | 127,198,069 | 49,259 |
| 1996 | 124,862,179 | 48,775 |
| 1995 | 122,600,370 | 48,266 |
| 1994 | 120,343,179 | 47,712 |
| 1993 | 118,132,360 | 47,093 |
| 1992 | 115,952,192 | 46,388 |
| 1991 | 113,787,109 | 45,568 |
| 1990 | 111,633,717 | 44,629 |
| 1989 | 109,433,799 | 43,586 |
| 1988 | 107,216,008 | 42,321 |
| 1987 | 104,959,291 | 40,828 |
| 1986 | 102,635,572 | 39,286 |
| 1985 | 100,253,825 | 37,761 |
| 1984 | 97,814,966 | 36,264 |
| 1983 | 95,335,155 | 34,811 |
| 1982 | 92,814,507 | 33,397 |
| 1981 | 90,303,105 | 32,017 |
| 1980 | 88,016,432 | 30,774 |
| 1979 | 85,935,072 | 29,738 |
| 1978 | 83,889,655 | 28,809 |
| 1977 | 81,867,264 | 27,906 |
| 1976 | 79,855,318 | 27,021 |
| 1975 | 77,854,351 | 26,154 |
| 1974 | 75,839,348 | 25,296 |
| 1973 | 73,722,294 | 24,581 |
| 1972 | 71,641,519 | 23,992 |
| 1971 | 70,276,758 | 23,366 |
| 1970 | 69,058,894 | 22,530 |
| 1969 | 67,294,133 | 21,305 |
| 1968 | 65,408,276 | 19,862 |
| 1967 | 63,510,929 | 18,655 |
| 1966 | 61,669,806 | 17,927 |
| 1965 | 59,902,519 | 17,402 |
| 1964 | 58,178,374 | 16,852 |
| 1963 | 56,504,402 | 16,302 |
| 1962 | 54,881,146 | 15,755 |
| 1961 | 53,310,348 | 15,219 |
| 1960 | 51,828,660 | 14,703 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/bangladesh/marshall-islands | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Bangladesh increased by 14,405,959 people (a 9.84% growth), while the Marshall Islands lost 4,283 people (a 8.24% decline).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Bangladesh gained 17,603,254 people (a 10.9% growth), while the Marshall Islands' population decreased by 12,651 people (a 26.5% decline).
Bangladesh was ranked 8th most populous country in 2006 and is still 8th in 2026. The Marshall Islands was ranked 188th in 2006 and ranked 192nd now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Bangladesh's population will grow by 20.8% to 215,489,899 people with a rank change from 8th to 10th. The population of the Marshall Islands will decrease by 29.2% to 24,824 people and rank change from 192nd to 193rd.
Bangladesh is projected to reach its peak in 2071 at 228M people, while the Marshall Islands' population already peaked in 2010 at 52K people and is projected to decrease to 23.5K people by 2100.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Bangladesh
|
Marshall Islands
|
|
| 2100 | -0.5% | -0.33% |
| 2099 | -0.48% | -0.38% |
| 2098 | -0.47% | -0.4% |
| 2097 | -0.46% | -0.32% |
| 2096 | -0.45% | -0.35% |
| 2095 | -0.44% | -0.28% |
| 2094 | -0.42% | -0.31% |
| 2093 | -0.4% | -0.29% |
| 2092 | -0.38% | -0.24% |
| 2091 | -0.36% | -0.2% |
| 2090 | -0.34% | -0.23% |
| 2089 | -0.33% | -0.13% |
| 2088 | -0.31% | -0.12% |
| 2087 | -0.29% | -0.06% |
| 2086 | -0.27% | -0.08% |
| 2085 | -0.25% | -0.03% |
| 2084 | -0.24% | 0.05% |
| 2083 | -0.22% | 0.06% |
| 2082 | -0.21% | 0.04% |
| 2081 | -0.19% | 0.11% |
| 2080 | -0.17% | 0.09% |
| 2079 | -0.15% | 0.17% |
| 2078 | -0.14% | 0.17% |
| 2077 | -0.11% | 0.14% |
| 2076 | -0.09% | 0.23% |
| 2075 | -0.07% | 0.14% |
| 2074 | -0.05% | 0.2% |
| 2073 | -0.03% | 0.13% |
| 2072 | -0.008% | 0.16% |
| 2071 | 0.01% | 0.17% |
| 2070 | 0.03% | 0.14% |
| 2069 | 0.05% | 0.18% |
| 2068 | 0.08% | 0.08% |
| 2067 | 0.11% | 0.14% |
| 2066 | 0.13% | 0.004% |
| 2065 | 0.15% | -0.02% |
| 2064 | 0.18% | -0.05% |
| 2063 | 0.21% | -0.17% |
| 2062 | 0.24% | -0.21% |
| 2061 | 0.27% | -0.2% |
| 2060 | 0.29% | -0.27% |
| 2059 | 0.32% | -0.2% |
| 2058 | 0.35% | -0.32% |
| 2057 | 0.37% | -0.37% |
| 2056 | 0.39% | -0.46% |
| 2055 | 0.41% | -0.43% |
| 2054 | 0.43% | -0.37% |
| 2053 | 0.45% | -0.41% |
| 2052 | 0.48% | -0.45% |
| 2051 | 0.49% | -0.39% |
| 2050 | 0.51% | -0.5% |
| 2049 | 0.53% | -0.45% |
| 2048 | 0.55% | -0.43% |
| 2047 | 0.57% | -0.44% |
| 2046 | 0.58% | -0.5% |
| 2045 | 0.6% | -0.54% |
| 2044 | 0.62% | -0.61% |
| 2043 | 0.64% | -0.62% |
| 2042 | 0.66% | -0.72% |
| 2041 | 0.67% | -0.82% |
| 2040 | 0.7% | -0.92% |
| 2039 | 0.74% | -1% |
| 2038 | 0.77% | -1.22% |
| 2037 | 0.81% | -1.3% |
| 2036 | 0.84% | -1.53% |
| 2035 | 0.88% | -1.73% |
| 2034 | 0.94% | -1.92% |
| 2033 | 0.97% | -2.11% |
| 2032 | 1.03% | -2.34% |
| 2031 | 1.07% | -2.59% |
| 2030 | 1.11% | -2.78% |
| 2029 | 1.14% | -2.85% |
| 2028 | 1.17% | -3.04% |
| 2027 | 1.2% | -3.23% |
| 2026 | 1.23% | -3.42% |
| 2025 | 1.22% | -3.32% |
| 2024 | 1.22% | -3.29% |
| 2023 | 1.23% | -3.12% |
| 2022 | 1.03% | -3.12% |
| 2021 | 0.82% | -3.14% |
| 2020 | 0.84% | -2.96% |
| 2019 | 0.85% | -2.82% |
| 2018 | 0.82% | -2.67% |
| 2017 | 0.85% | -2.47% |
| 2016 | 0.9% | -2.24% |
| 2015 | 0.9% | -2% |
| 2014 | 0.92% | -1.75% |
| 2013 | 0.94% | -1.44% |
| 2012 | 0.96% | -0.94% |
| 2011 | 0.91% | -0.26% |
| 2010 | 0.88% | 0.05% |
| 2009 | 0.94% | -0.02% |
| 2008 | 1% | -0.01% |
| 2007 | 1.08% | 0.08% |
| 2006 | 1.17% | 0.17% |
| 2005 | 1.27% | 0.22% |
| 2004 | 1.37% | 0.29% |
| 2003 | 1.47% | 0.42% |
| 2002 | 1.56% | 0.59% |
| 2001 | 1.68% | 0.82% |
| 2000 | 1.84% | 1% |
| 1999 | 1.92% | 0.98% |
| 1998 | 1.91% | 0.93% |
| 1997 | 1.87% | 0.99% |
| 1996 | 1.84% | 1.05% |
| 1995 | 1.88% | 1.16% |
| 1994 | 1.87% | 1.31% |
| 1993 | 1.88% | 1.52% |
| 1992 | 1.9% | 1.8% |
| 1991 | 1.93% | 2.1% |
| 1990 | 2.01% | 2.39% |
| 1989 | 2.07% | 2.99% |
| 1988 | 2.15% | 3.66% |
| 1987 | 2.26% | 3.93% |
| 1986 | 2.38% | 4.04% |
| 1985 | 2.49% | 4.13% |
| 1984 | 2.6% | 4.17% |
| 1983 | 2.72% | 4.23% |
| 1982 | 2.78% | 4.31% |
| 1981 | 2.6% | 4.04% |
| 1980 | 2.42% | 3.48% |
| 1979 | 2.44% | 3.22% |
| 1978 | 2.47% | 3.24% |
| 1977 | 2.52% | 3.28% |
| 1976 | 2.57% | 3.31% |
| 1975 | 2.66% | 3.39% |
| 1974 | 2.87% | 2.91% |
| 1973 | 2.9% | 2.45% |
| 1972 | 1.94% | 2.68% |
| 1971 | 1.76% | 3.71% |
| 1970 | 2.62% | 5.75% |
| 1969 | 2.88% | 7.27% |
| 1968 | 2.99% | 6.47% |
| 1967 | 2.99% | 4.06% |
| 1966 | 2.95% | 3.02% |
| 1965 | 2.96% | 3.26% |
| 1964 | 2.96% | 3.37% |
| 1963 | 2.96% | 3.47% |
| 1962 | 2.95% | 3.52% |
| 1961 | 2.86% | 3.51% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1961–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/bangladesh/marshall-islands | CC BY
In 2024, the population of Bangladesh grew by 1.22%, while the Marshall Islands' population declined by 3.29%.
Live population counters
|
Bangladesh
|
Marshall Islands
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
178415186
|
35058
|
| Population rank | 8/197 | 192/197 |
| Percent of world population | 2.15% | 0.0004% |
| One net population change |
15.1 seconds
|
6.85 hours
|
| One birth every |
9.04 seconds
|
10.7 hours
|
| One death every |
36.7 seconds
|
1.35 days
|
| Daily growth/decline | +5,741 | -4 |
| Annual growth/decline | +2,095,374 | -1,279 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +1.22% | -3.29% |
| Population growth rate rank | 90/197 | 197/197 |
| One migration net change every |
1.31 minutes
|
5.17 hours
|
| Annual migration change | -402,100 | -1,698 |
| Net migration rank | 194/196 | 97/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 2,906,338 | 3,309 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 24/195 | 189/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 1.7% | 8.8% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 139/195 | 71/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Bangladesh
|
Marshall Islands
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | -402,100 | - | -1,698 |
| 2024 | - | -473,362 | - | -1,765 |
| 2023 | 2,630,818 | -549,918 | 550 | -1,832 |
| 2022 | 2,633,258 | -549,990 | 606 | -1,829 |
| 2021 | 2,363,487 | -994,722 | 653 | -2,016 |
| 2020 | 2,355,279 | -1,002,522 | 689 | -2,004 |
| 2019 | 2,433,952 | -1,016,796 | 746 | -2,030 |
| 2018 | 2,391,853 | -1,029,069 | 785 | -2,058 |
| 2017 | 2,348,293 | -1,037,176 | 826 | -2,040 |
| 2016 | 2,356,056 | -918,770 | 866 | -2,003 |
| 2015 | 2,329,544 | -909,223 | 912 | -1,964 |
| 2014 | 2,305,499 | -889,222 | 959 | -1,906 |
| 2013 | 2,312,293 | -862,944 | 1,014 | -1,825 |
| 2012 | 2,304,652 | -829,875 | 1,097 | -1,759 |
| 2011 | 2,332,126 | -848,910 | 1,185 | -1,512 |
| 2010 | 2,408,597 | -1,113,727 | 1,273 | -1,221 |
| 2009 | 2,511,746 | -1,150,194 | 1,365 | -1,361 |
| 2008 | 2,595,770 | -1,158,420 | 1,443 | -1,467 |
| 2007 | 2,666,175 | -1,133,553 | 1,507 | -1,491 |
| 2006 | 2,725,786 | -1,091,865 | 1,556 | -1,491 |
| 2005 | 2,783,029 | -1,036,635 | 1,586 | -1,482 |
| 2004 | 2,849,626 | -970,264 | 1,595 | -1,466 |
| 2003 | 2,881,857 | -896,335 | 1,600 | -1,427 |
| 2002 | 2,907,604 | -819,909 | 1,594 | -1,345 |
| 2001 | 2,905,755 | -737,740 | 1,596 | -1,237 |
| 2000 | 2,867,543 | -512,422 | 1,592 | -1,110 |
| 1999 | 2,803,597 | -286,256 | 1,590 | -1,068 |
| 1998 | 2,740,993 | -286,966 | 1,576 | -1,124 |
| 1997 | 2,667,979 | -273,442 | 1,564 | -1,097 |
| 1996 | 2,531,581 | -254,239 | 1,542 | -1,050 |
| 1995 | 2,477,509 | -231,304 | 1,522 | -991 |
| 1994 | 2,475,098 | -206,958 | 1,524 | -942 |
| 1993 | 2,425,139 | -271,677 | 1,524 | -869 |
| 1992 | 2,453,664 | -246,914 | 1,525 | -769 |
| 1991 | 2,354,255 | -230,852 | 1,540 | -661 |
| 1990 | 2,587,558 | -404,105 | 1,556 | -562 |
| 1989 | 2,623,347 | -406,910 | 1,574 | -479 |
| 1988 | 2,614,570 | -395,408 | 1,575 | -140 |
| 1987 | 2,661,768 | -367,475 | 1,566 | -16 |
| 1986 | 2,685,152 | -331,992 | 1,544 | -8 |
| 1985 | 2,698,231 | -287,872 | 1,511 | -1 |
| 1984 | 2,713,094 | -245,693 | 1,470 | 6 |
| 1983 | 2,694,172 | -201,909 | 1,422 | 12 |
| 1982 | 2,705,822 | -156,729 | 1,375 | 23 |
| 1981 | 2,658,613 | -184,884 | 1,328 | 31 |
| 1980 | 2,615,497 | -515,918 | 1,287 | -155 |
| 1979 | 2,570,404 | -507,354 | 1,250 | -316 |
| 1978 | 2,514,509 | -486,721 | 1,207 | -286 |
| 1977 | 2,475,502 | -458,491 | 1,160 | -264 |
| 1976 | 2,431,754 | -424,970 | 1,109 | -233 |
| 1975 | 2,385,302 | -390,212 | 1,055 | -193 |
| 1974 | 2,312,418 | -277,545 | 1,000 | -145 |
| 1973 | 2,276,471 | -77,324 | 954 | -383 |
| 1972 | 2,231,204 | -269,033 | 913 | -306 |
| 1971 | 542,747 | 224,369 | 877 | -232 |
| 1970 | 1,742,287 | -73,719 | 819 | 201 |
| 1969 | 1,985,984 | -125,010 | 747 | 690 |
| 1968 | 1,918,686 | -7,970 | 685 | 769 |
| 1967 | 1,860,743 | 23,164 | 636 | 308 |
| 1966 | 1,794,530 | 3,758 | 603 | -89 |
| 1965 | 1,688,652 | 47,610 | 566 | -22 |
| 1964 | 1,686,591 | 25,426 | 536 | 16 |
| 1963 | 1,612,749 | 23,215 | 509 | 42 |
| 1962 | 1,584,035 | 26,533 | 488 | 54 |
| 1961 | 1,504,524 | 26,503 | 469 | 56 |
| 1960 | 1,418,810 | 13,580 | 452 | 63 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/bangladesh/marshall-islands | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 73.1% of the population change in Bangladesh is from natural causes (a gain of 24,148,039 people) and 26.9% is from migration (a loss of 8,897,408 people). In the Marshall Islands 27.8% is from natural causes (a gain of 7,592 people) and 72.2% is from migration (a loss of 19,682 people).
As of 2024, 2,906,338 residents or 1.7% of the population were not native-born in Bangladesh, compared to 3,309 people or 8.8% in the Marshall Islands.
Biggest cities by population
|
Bangladesh
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Dhaka | 16.8M |
| Chittagong | 2.58M |
| Narayanganj | 968K |
| Khulna | 929K |
| Sylhet | 480K |
| Rajshahi | 448K |
| Bogra | 401K |
| Barisal | 328K |
| Rangpur | 294K |
| Brahmanbaria | 268K |
|
Marshall Islands
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Majuro | 30K |
| Djarrit | 7.1K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between Bangladesh and the Marshall Islands
|
Bangladesh
|
Marshall Islands
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 75.5 years | 67.3 years |
| Average age | 29.8 years | 27.5 years |
| Median age | 26.7 years | 21.8 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 49.2:50.8 | 51.2:48.8 |
| Fertility rate | 2.16 births per woman | 2.92 births per woman |
| Population density | 3,544 ppl/mi² | 504 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20).
GeoRank.org/population/bangladesh/marshall-islands | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-02-08)
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