Eswatini has a GDP of $4.89B compared to $1.39B for Grenada, ranking 162/197 and 184/197 by economy size, respectively.
Eswatini has $1.82B in government debt (38.7% of GDP), compared to $1.02B (71.4% of GDP) in Grenada.
The chart below compares the two countries' GDP growth in both current (nominal) and constant dollars, accounting for inflation over time.
| Year | GDP | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Eswatini
|
Grenada
|
|||
| Current $ | Constant $ | Current $ | Constant $ | |
| 1960 | $35,076,846 | - | - | - |
| 1961 | $43,026,043 | - | - | - |
| 1962 | $45,927,962 | - | - | - |
| 1963 | $54,129,438 | - | - | - |
| 1964 | $64,980,554 | - | - | - |
| 1965 | $70,279,972 | - | - | - |
| 1966 | $76,859,969 | - | - | - |
| 1967 | $74,759,970 | - | - | - |
| 1968 | $79,799,968 | - | - | - |
| 1969 | $105,419,958 | - | - | - |
| 1970 | $112,139,955 | $401,852,565 | - | - |
| 1971 | $136,462,081 | $457,081,710 | - | - |
| 1972 | $146,736,479 | $481,875,167 | - | - |
| 1973 | $221,915,128 | $525,333,916 | - | - |
| 1974 | $264,320,941 | $555,506,401 | - | - |
| 1975 | $288,299,789 | $632,768,698 | - | - |
| 1976 | $272,550,068 | $619,357,559 | - | - |
| 1977 | $304,060,076 | $625,610,549 | $71,494,495 | $294,935,712 |
| 1978 | $340,630,085 | $633,913,207 | $88,322,386 | $310,689,415 |
| 1979 | $412,093,134 | $653,608,542 | $102,244,362 | $328,094,495 |
| 1980 | $541,976,853 | $734,976,610 | $110,900,457 | $326,339,899 |
| 1981 | $570,774,825 | $842,587,777 | $115,651,919 | $331,346,564 |
| 1982 | $537,568,059 | $852,467,691 | $125,435,590 | $345,012,163 |
| 1983 | $555,336,146 | $862,717,378 | $131,803,552 | $357,544,989 |
| 1984 | $494,483,409 | $915,875,910 | $145,533,311 | $370,303,858 |
| 1985 | $360,079,419 | $950,609,732 | $167,728,455 | $392,446,948 |
| 1986 | $449,140,318 | $1,067,197,054 | $187,589,523 | $420,680,655 |
| 1987 | $584,126,092 | $1,223,078,154 | $215,009,570 | $458,951,763 |
| 1988 | $692,026,455 | $1,303,432,207 | $236,357,524 | $472,567,906 |
| 1989 | $696,921,542 | $1,471,719,695 | $267,327,642 | $490,372,992 |
| 1990 | $1,114,694,041 | $1,781,045,749 | $278,098,763 | $510,049,757 |
| 1991 | $1,156,135,718 | $1,812,398,860 | $300,757,889 | $517,116,730 |
| 1992 | $1,284,759,928 | $1,870,870,590 | $310,160,444 | $512,715,298 |
| 1993 | $1,357,189,552 | $1,928,981,970 | $309,812,185 | $502,672,150 |
| 1994 | $1,419,294,254 | $1,975,290,870 | $325,111,815 | $511,185,185 |
| 1995 | $1,698,989,464 | $2,070,611,521 | $342,172,519 | $522,070,746 |
| 1996 | $1,602,741,834 | $2,150,165,529 | $366,911,444 | $545,241,472 |
| 1997 | $1,716,714,070 | $2,216,880,978 | $392,190,593 | $572,588,028 |
| 1998 | $1,576,908,856 | $2,274,609,434 | $445,903,593 | $639,887,179 |
| 1999 | $1,547,888,496 | $2,341,730,319 | $482,009,370 | $684,028,916 |
| 2000 | $1,738,093,840 | $2,382,948,839 | $520,044,370 | $717,463,922 |
| 2001 | $1,542,477,309 | $2,408,083,352 | $520,444,185 | $702,943,169 |
| 2002 | $1,432,221,739 | $2,513,559,784 | $540,336,926 | $727,105,600 |
| 2003 | $2,197,598,466 | $2,611,091,276 | $591,018,407 | $795,918,681 |
| 2004 | $2,770,082,792 | $2,705,714,981 | $599,118,593 | $790,765,503 |
| 2005 | $3,178,112,499 | $2,868,024,775 | $695,555,556 | $895,749,021 |
| 2006 | $3,291,330,019 | $3,039,881,607 | $698,700,667 | $859,960,907 |
| 2007 | $3,469,381,231 | $3,174,711,772 | $758,683,593 | $912,620,191 |
| 2008 | $3,294,084,314 | $3,200,797,233 | $825,976,037 | $921,267,657 |
| 2009 | $3,580,428,053 | $3,250,891,273 | $771,275,556 | $860,341,635 |
| 2010 | $4,438,765,086 | $3,374,222,126 | $771,014,815 | $855,944,031 |
| 2011 | $4,820,478,680 | $3,450,048,645 | $778,655,556 | $862,490,065 |
| 2012 | $4,886,551,484 | $3,636,235,032 | $799,881,481 | $852,529,700 |
| 2013 | $4,464,726,181 | $3,776,637,841 | $842,618,519 | $872,573,509 |
| 2014 | $4,286,015,248 | $3,830,866,489 | $911,496,296 | $936,638,938 |
| 2015 | $3,909,281,650 | $3,909,281,650 | $997,007,407 | $997,007,407 |
| 2016 | $3,724,180,911 | $4,092,073,634 | $1,061,640,741 | $1,034,291,536 |
| 2017 | $4,463,673,661 | $4,151,686,675 | $1,125,685,185 | $1,080,200,383 |
| 2018 | $4,644,696,656 | $4,162,339,322 | $1,166,514,815 | $1,127,312,678 |
| 2019 | $4,616,996,145 | $4,415,541,767 | $1,213,485,185 | $1,134,939,081 |
| 2020 | $4,120,621,325 | $4,289,130,011 | $1,043,411,111 | $978,809,799 |
| 2021 | $4,785,708,166 | $4,436,460,293 | $1,122,800,000 | $1,024,691,294 |
| 2022 | $4,741,163,885 | $4,486,130,489 | $1,231,732,104 | $1,099,706,286 |
| 2023 | $4,604,172,127 | $4,640,654,280 | $1,323,985,600 | $1,151,169,921 |
| 2024 | $4,891,883,720 | $4,763,200,252 | $1,391,435,993 | $1,193,683,309 |
Economic indicators
|
Eswatini
|
Grenada
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Gross domestic product |
$4.89B
2024 |
$1.39B
2024 |
| GDP rank |
162/197
2024 |
184/197
2024 |
| GDP growth |
6.25%
2023-2024 |
5.09%
2023-2024 |
| GDP per capita |
$3,936
2024 |
$11,872
2024 |
| GDP per capita rank |
131/197
2024 |
80/197
2024 |
| GDP per capita, PPP |
$11,784
2024 |
$20,167
2024 |
| Government debt |
$1.82B
2024 |
$1.02B
2024 |
| Debt-to-GDP ratio |
38.7%
2025 |
71.4%
2025 |
| Government debt per person |
$1,465
2024 |
$8,688
2024 |
| Government debt per person rank |
129/185
2024 |
62/185
2024 |
| Average annual personal income after taxes |
$3,418
2025 |
$11,039
2025 |
| Market capitalization of domestic companies |
$234M
2007 |
n/a |
| Number of billionaires |
1
2025 |
n/a |
| Income share by richest 10% |
42.7%
2016 |
33.7%
2018 |
| Income share by poorest 10% |
1.4%
2016 |
2.1%
2018 |
| Government expenditure, % of GDP |
32.8%
2025 |
39.6%
2025 |
| Consumer prices inflation |
2.6%
2018-2019 |
1.09%
2023-2024 |
| Central bank interest rate |
7%
2024 |
n/a |
| Unemployment rate |
34.6%
2023 |
6.34%
2023 |
| Population |
1267161
|
117349
|
GDP per capita in Eswatini vs Grenada
Eswatini's GDP per capita is $3,936, ranking 131/197, compared to $11,872 in Grenada, ranking 80/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Eswatini ranks 125th at $11,784, while Grenada ranks 95th at $20,167.
| Year | Current $ | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Eswatini
|
Grenada
|
|||
| GDP per capita | GDP per capita, PPP | GDP per capita | GDP per capita, PPP | |
| 1960 | $101.6 | - | - | - |
| 1961 | $121.8 | - | - | - |
| 1962 | $127.1 | - | - | - |
| 1963 | $146.4 | - | - | - |
| 1964 | $171.6 | - | - | - |
| 1965 | $181 | - | - | - |
| 1966 | $192.7 | - | - | - |
| 1967 | $182.8 | - | - | - |
| 1968 | $190.4 | - | - | - |
| 1969 | $245.2 | - | - | - |
| 1970 | $254.2 | - | - | - |
| 1971 | $301 | - | - | - |
| 1972 | $315 | - | - | - |
| 1973 | $463 | - | - | - |
| 1974 | $536 | - | - | - |
| 1975 | $568 | - | - | - |
| 1976 | $521 | - | - | - |
| 1977 | $563 | - | $737 | - |
| 1978 | $610 | - | $917 | - |
| 1979 | $714 | - | $1,071 | - |
| 1980 | $908 | - | $1,173 | - |
| 1981 | $925 | - | $1,230 | - |
| 1982 | $843 | - | $1,329 | - |
| 1983 | $843 | - | $1,388 | - |
| 1984 | $726 | - | $1,524 | - |
| 1985 | $510 | - | $1,745 | - |
| 1986 | $611 | - | $1,938 | - |
| 1987 | $765 | - | $2,205 | - |
| 1988 | $865 | - | $2,404 | - |
| 1989 | $832 | - | $2,697 | - |
| 1990 | $1,278 | $3,218 | $2,782 | $4,553 |
| 1991 | $1,273 | $3,252 | $2,984 | $4,733 |
| 1992 | $1,362 | $3,305 | $3,053 | $4,761 |
| 1993 | $1,397 | $3,388 | $3,026 | $4,742 |
| 1994 | $1,461 | $3,544 | $3,152 | $4,889 |
| 1995 | $1,751 | $3,796 | $3,294 | $5,062 |
| 1996 | $1,619 | $3,935 | $3,508 | $5,347 |
| 1997 | $1,705 | $4,059 | $3,725 | $5,673 |
| 1998 | $1,547 | $4,157 | $4,206 | $6,368 |
| 1999 | $1,502 | $4,294 | $4,516 | $6,857 |
| 2000 | $1,669 | $4,423 | $4,840 | $7,306 |
| 2001 | $1,468 | $4,528 | $4,820 | $7,283 |
| 2002 | $1,352 | $4,762 | $4,984 | $7,621 |
| 2003 | $2,060 | $5,010 | $5,428 | $8,469 |
| 2004 | $2,581 | $5,299 | $5,480 | $8,606 |
| 2005 | $2,945 | $5,761 | $6,339 | $10,016 |
| 2006 | $3,035 | $6,264 | $6,344 | $9,877 |
| 2007 | $3,181 | $6,680 | $6,865 | $10,728 |
| 2008 | $3,000 | $6,818 | $7,448 | $11,001 |
| 2009 | $3,240 | $6,923 | $6,933 | $10,303 |
| 2010 | $3,993 | $7,231 | $6,910 | $10,344 |
| 2011 | $4,312 | $7,504 | $6,947 | $10,592 |
| 2012 | $4,348 | $7,756 | $7,093 | $10,575 |
| 2013 | $3,951 | $8,234 | $7,425 | $11,199 |
| 2014 | $3,772 | $8,368 | $7,986 | $12,229 |
| 2015 | $3,421 | $8,393 | $8,694 | $13,214 |
| 2016 | $3,240 | $8,488 | $9,221 | $13,978 |
| 2017 | $3,854 | $8,586 | $9,751 | $15,041 |
| 2018 | $3,973 | $8,537 | $10,083 | $15,975 |
| 2019 | $3,913 | $9,248 | $10,463 | $16,446 |
| 2020 | $3,455 | $9,298 | $8,969 | $14,361 |
| 2021 | $3,966 | $9,946 | $9,622 | $15,298 |
| 2022 | $3,890 | $10,665 | $10,535 | $17,555 |
| 2023 | $3,742 | $11,322 | $11,308 | $19,010 |
| 2024 | $3,936 | $11,784 | $11,872 | $20,167 |
Spending and national debt comparison
In 2024, Eswatini's government spending was $1.59B, accounting for 32.8% of its GDP, while Grenada's spent $518M, or 39.6% of GDP.
Debt-to-GDP ratio is 38.7% in Eswatini and 71.4% in Grenada, ranking 138/185 and 53/185, respectively.
| Year | % of GDP | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Eswatini
|
Grenada
|
|||
| Government spending | Government debt | Government spending | Government debt | |
| 1980 | 15.3% | 27.2% | - | - |
| 1981 | 18.9% | 24.3% | - | - |
| 1982 | 18.1% | 29.2% | - | - |
| 1983 | 17% | 28.7% | - | - |
| 1984 | 17% | 29.7% | - | - |
| 1985 | 19% | 45.5% | - | - |
| 1986 | 18.8% | 44% | - | - |
| 1987 | 16.8% | 36.1% | - | - |
| 1988 | 16.6% | 27.5% | - | - |
| 1989 | 15.4% | 26.8% | - | - |
| 1990 | 18.2% | 20.4% | 29% | 46.2% |
| 1991 | 19.7% | 20.1% | 26.8% | 42% |
| 1992 | 25.2% | 16.6% | 21.8% | 40.1% |
| 1993 | 23.3% | 15.2% | 23.1% | 45.3% |
| 1994 | 24% | 13.4% | 24.7% | 45.7% |
| 1995 | 19.9% | 12.5% | 23.2% | 43.1% |
| 1996 | 22.6% | 11.6% | 26.3% | 43.9% |
| 1997 | 20.6% | 12.6% | 26.6% | 41.4% |
| 1998 | 21.8% | 15.5% | 25.3% | 40.3% |
| 1999 | 25.8% | 16.7% | 23.7% | 34.5% |
| 2000 | 24.6% | 18.2% | 25.6% | 41.6% |
| 2001 | 25.7% | 21.8% | 29.6% | 44.6% |
| 2002 | 26.4% | 17.1% | 35.7% | 79.1% |
| 2003 | 25.6% | 17.5% | 28.7% | 79.6% |
| 2004 | 31% | 15% | 24.7% | 94.7% |
| 2005 | 28.9% | 13.5% | 26.6% | 87.3% |
| 2006 | 27.4% | 14.6% | 32.4% | 92.9% |
| 2007 | 30.3% | 16.1% | 27.7% | 89.1% |
| 2008 | 33.4% | 14.6% | 27.9% | 83.9% |
| 2009 | 33.5% | 10.5% | 27.2% | 91.1% |
| 2010 | 30.7% | 14.1% | 28% | 96.2% |
| 2011 | 25.3% | 14.7% | 28.3% | 102.8% |
| 2012 | 27% | 14.8% | 26.2% | 101.5% |
| 2013 | 28.5% | 15% | 28.1% | 105.4% |
| 2014 | 32.2% | 13.9% | 28.7% | 99.3% |
| 2015 | 34.3% | 15.8% | 25.3% | 90.1% |
| 2016 | 34.6% | 20% | 23.5% | 81.6% |
| 2017 | 35.5% | 22.2% | 22.6% | 70.4% |
| 2018 | 35% | 26.9% | 22.4% | 68.5% |
| 2019 | 34.1% | 31.5% | 21.6% | 62.7% |
| 2020 | 34% | 39.6% | 32.7% | 89.5% |
| 2021 | 29.7% | 37.9% | 31.2% | 86.6% |
| 2022 | 30.5% | 42.2% | 31.8% | 78.8% |
| 2023 | 30.1% | 37.9% | 28.9% | 75.2% |
| 2024 | 32.4% | 37.2% | 37.2% | 73.2% |
| 2025 | 32.8% | 38.7% | 39.6% | 71.4% |
Government deficit by year
In 2024, Eswatini's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was -$95M, equivalent to -1.94% of GDP. This compares to Grenada's surplus of $92.9M, or 6.68% of GDP.
Over the past 35 years, Eswatini recorded a fiscal deficit in 24 of those years, while Grenada ran a deficit in 26 years. On average, Eswatini posted an annual deficit equal to -1.94% of GDP, compared to deficit of -2.08% of GDP for Grenada.
| Year | Deficit/surplus, % of GDP | |
|---|---|---|
|
Eswatini
|
Grenada
|
|
| 1980 | 5.11% | - |
| 1981 | -3.4% | - |
| 1982 | 0.08% | - |
| 1983 | -0.44% | - |
| 1984 | 0.95% | - |
| 1985 | -1.13% | - |
| 1986 | -2.28% | - |
| 1987 | 2% | - |
| 1988 | 3.42% | - |
| 1989 | 5.65% | - |
| 1990 | 5.45% | -7.78% |
| 1991 | 3.3% | -4.34% |
| 1992 | -2.81% | -1.46% |
| 1993 | -3.2% | -0.16% |
| 1994 | -3.51% | -2.85% |
| 1995 | 0.87% | -0.46% |
| 1996 | -0.97% | -3.02% |
| 1997 | 2.05% | -4.94% |
| 1998 | 1.04% | -2.39% |
| 1999 | -1.23% | -1.7% |
| 2000 | -1.19% | -2.07% |
| 2001 | -2.25% | -6.05% |
| 2002 | -3.67% | -13.9% |
| 2003 | -2.09% | -2.81% |
| 2004 | -3.98% | -0.57% |
| 2005 | -1.65% | 0.9% |
| 2006 | 8.62% | -5.23% |
| 2007 | 2.36% | -5.91% |
| 2008 | 1.58% | -3.72% |
| 2009 | -2.97% | -4.4% |
| 2010 | -9.24% | -4.07% |
| 2011 | -3.9% | -4.86% |
| 2012 | 3.38% | -5.44% |
| 2013 | 0.57% | -7.25% |
| 2014 | -1.15% | -4.2% |
| 2015 | -6.14% | -0.8% |
| 2016 | -9.09% | 2.69% |
| 2017 | -6.93% | 3.01% |
| 2018 | -9.66% | 4.59% |
| 2019 | -6.7% | 4.97% |
| 2020 | -4.62% | -4.54% |
| 2021 | -4.59% | 0.31% |
| 2022 | -4.74% | 0.95% |
| 2023 | 0.94% | 8.01% |
| 2024 | -1.94% | 6.68% |
| 2025 | -5.51% | -8.85% |
Inflation comparison by year
Over the past 24 years, Eswatini has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 6.84%, compared with 1.95% in Grenada. In 2019, inflation was 2.6% in Eswatini and 1.09% in Grenada.
| Year | Inflation | ||
|---|---|---|---|
|
Eswatini
|
Grenada
|
Eswatini
|
Grenada
|
| 1996 | 6.43% | 2.03% | |
| 1997 | 7.13% | 1.24% | |
| 1998 | 8.11% | 1.38% | |
| 1999 | 6.09% | 0.58% | |
| 2000 | 12.2% | 2.18% | |
| 2001 | 5.94% | 3.14% | |
| 2002 | 12% | 1.07% | |
| 2003 | 7.29% | 2.15% | |
| 2004 | 3.45% | 2.31% | |
| 2005 | 4.77% | 3.48% | |
| 2006 | 5.3% | 4.25% | |
| 2007 | 8.08% | 3.86% | |
| 2008 | 12.7% | 8.03% | |
| 2009 | 7.45% | -0.31% | |
| 2010 | 4.51% | 3.44% | |
| 2011 | 6.11% | 3.03% | |
| 2012 | 8.94% | 2.41% | |
| 2013 | 5.62% | -0.04% | |
| 2014 | 5.68% | -0.98% | |
| 2015 | 4.95% | -0.52% | |
| 2016 | 7.85% | 1.65% | |
| 2017 | 6.22% | 0.91% | |
| 2018 | 4.82% | 0.8% | |
| 2019 | 2.6% | 0.6% | |
| 2020 | - | -0.74% | |
| 2021 | - | 1.22% | |
| 2022 | - | 2.58% | |
| 2023 | - | 2.7% | |
| 2024 | - | 1.09% | |
Top exports between countries
Balance of trade
|
Eswatini
|
Grenada
|
|
|---|---|---|
Current account balance
|
$108M
2023 |
-$271M
2024 |
| Current account balance ranking |
65/189
2023 |
96/189
2024 |
| Current account balance, % of GDP |
+2.34%
2023 |
-19.5%
2024 |
| Goods imports |
$1.86B
2023 |
$562M
2024 |
| Goods exports |
$2.03B
2023 |
$70.4M
2024 |
| Service imports |
$489M
2023 |
$429M
2024 |
| Service exports |
$145M
2023 |
$789M
2024 |
| Imports of goods and services, % of GDP |
51.4%
2023 |
n/a |
| Exports of goods and services, % of GDP |
48.7%
2023 |
16%
2025 |
Economic freedom indices
The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.
|
Eswatini
|
Grenada
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Economic freedom | 56.4 | 63 |
| Economic freedom ranking | 118/197 | 81/197 |
| Property rights | 44.8 | n/a |
| Government integrity | 29.9 | n/a |
| Judicial effectiveness | 36.8 | n/a |
| Tax burden | 76.1 | n/a |
| Government spending | 73.9 | n/a |
| Fiscal health | 70.6 | n/a |
| Business freedom | 49.5 | n/a |
| Labor freedom | 55.9 | n/a |
| Monetary freedom | 76.1 | n/a |
| Trade freedom | 73.6 | n/a |
| Investment freedom | 50 | n/a |
| Financial freedom | 40 | n/a |
More economic indicators
|
Eswatini
|
Grenada
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Services, % of GDP |
51.7%
2023 |
65.2%
2024 |
| Industry, % of GDP |
34.7%
2023 |
14.8%
2024 |
| Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP |
6.78%
2023 |
2.75%
2024 |
|
GNI, Atlas method
|
$4.45B
2024 |
$1.24B
2024 |
| GNI per capita, PPP |
$10,750
2024 |
$18,240
2024 |
| Total reserves including gold |
$479M
2023 |
$423M
2024 |
| Total reserves ranking |
159/177
2023 |
161/177
2024 |
|
Net foreign direct investment
|
-$50.8M
2023 |
-$223M
2024 |
|
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
|
$75.5M
2024 |
$226M
2024 |
|
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
|
$63.8M
2024 |
$2.72M
2024 |
|
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
|
3.92%
2023 |
4.67%
2023 |
| Poverty at national poverty lines |
58.9%
2016 |
38%
2020 |
|
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
|
19.2%
2023 |
n/a |
GDP per capita map
GDP per capita
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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.
Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.
A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).
Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.
Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.
Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.
Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.